Research Article
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Effect of Different Yogurt and Feed Consumption on Serum Cholesterol Levels in Rats

Year 2017, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 43 - 50, 15.04.2017
https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.305779

Abstract

In this study, the
effect of different yoghurt samples on the total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol,
LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood serum of rats fed
cholesterol-enriched diets were determined. Effect of yoghurt and acidophilus
yoghurt on serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and
triglyceride were studied in rats fed five different diets for three weeks.
Pasteurized probiotic yoghurt produced with L.acidophilus
johnsonii
and non-pasteurized probiotic yoghurts were compared. Compared
with non-pasteurized probiotic yogurt, lactic acid bacterial strain in
pasteurized probiotic yogurt produced by L.
acidophilus jonsonii
La1 had a reducing effect on cholesterol in
the first week (respectively 124.0±9.89 mg/dL and 58.5±9.19 mg/dL); however, this
effect decreased depending on the consumption of yoghurt and then results became
close with control group at the end of the third week (66.5±2.12 mg/dL). The
highest HDL-cholesterol rates were determined in rats consuming probiotic
yoghurts in the second and third week (respectively 44.0±4.20 mg/dL and 43.5±2.12 mg/dL). The difference between groups was insignificant.
The lowest LDL-cholesterol levels were found in rats consuming probiotic
yoghurt samples all three weeks (respectively 7.2±4.24 mg/dL, 13.8±2.83 mg/dL,
12.7±1.56 mg/dL). Triglyceride levels of rats fed with yoghurt samples were
lower than those of the control groups at the end of the third week.

References

  • [1] Gönç, S., Akalın, A.S., Düzel, S., 1996. Farelerde Serum Kolesterol Düzeyi Üzerine Acidophilus Yoğurdunun Etkisi. Proje Sonuç Raporu. Tübitak Araştırma Projesi, No: VHAG-1168, Tübitak, Ankara.
  • [2] İbrahim, A.A.E.G., El-Sayed, E.M., Hafez, S.A., El-Zeini, H.M., Saleh, F.A., 2005. The hypocholesterolaemic effect of milk yoghurt and soy-yoghurt containing bifidobacteria in rats fed on a cholesterol-enriched diet. International Dairy Journal 15: 37–44.
  • [3] Ceyhan, N., Alıç, H., 2012. Bağırsak mikroflorası ve probiyotikler. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi 5: 107-113.
  • [4] Fernandes, C.F., Shanani, K.M., Amer, M.A., 1987. Therapeutic role of dietary lactobacilli and lactobacilli fermented dairy products. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 3(3): 343-356.
  • [5] Driessen, F.M., Boer, D., 1989. Fermented milks with selected intestinal bacteria: a healthy trend in new products. Netherlands Milk Dairy Journal 43: 367-382.
  • [6] Golay, A., Ferrara, J., Felber, J., Schneider, H., 1990. Cholesterol-lowering effect of skim milk from immunized cows in hypercholesterolemic patients. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 52(6): 1014-1019.
  • [7] Marette, S., Roosen, M., Blanchemanche, S., Feinblatt-Mélèze, E., 2010. Functional food, uncertainty and consumers’ choices: A lab experiment with enriched yoghurts for lowering cholesterol. Food Policy 35: 419–428.
  • [8] Gürsoy, O., Özel, S., Özbaş, H., Çon, A.H., 2011. Kolesterol seviyesinin in vitro ve in vivo koşullarda düşürülmesinde probiyotik mikroorganizmaların etkisi. Akademik Gıda 9: 37-45.
  • [9] Sadeq, H.A.S., Amin, İ., Mohd, Y.M., Shuhaimi, M., Rokiah, M.Y., Fouad, A.H., 2012. Hypocholesterolaemic effect of yoghurt containing Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum G4 or Bifidobacterium longum BB536. Food Chemistry 135: 356–361.
  • [10] Mayes, P., Çeviren: Menteş, G., 1993. Kolesterol sentezi taşınması ve atılımı. Harper’in Biyokimyası. Barış Kitabevi, İstanbul.
  • [11] Karleskind, A., Wollf, J. P., 1999. Biochemical and Nutritional Characteristics of Oils and Fats. Oils and Fats Manual, İntercept Limited, Andover U. K., Londres/Newyork, 558-572p.
  • [12] Theuwissen, E., Mensink, R.P., 2008. Water-soluble dietary fibers and cardiovascular disease. Physiology & Behavior 94: 285–292.
  • [13] Jaspers, D.A., Massey, L.K., Luedecke, L.O., 1984. Effect of consuming yogurts prepared with three cultre strains on human serum lipoproteins. Journal Food Science 49: 1178-1181.
  • [14] International Dairy Ferederation, 1991. Cultured Dairy Product in Human Nutrition. Effect on Cholesterol Metabolism. Square vergote, B-1040 Brussels, BELGIUM, 41p.
  • [15] Ivey, KL., Hodgson, J.M., Kerr, D.A., Thompson, P.L., Stojceski, B., Prince, R.L., 2015. The effect of yoghurt and its probiotics on blood pressure and serum lipid profile; a randomised controlled trial. Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases 25: 46-51.
  • [16] Gönç, S., Akalın, S., Kılınç, S., 1996. Fermente süt mamülleri ve kolesterol arasındaki ilişkiye ait bir değerlendirme. Gıda 21(2): 89-94.
  • [17] Lye, H.S., Rusul, G., Liong, M.T., 2010. Removal of cholesterol by Lactobacilli Via incorporation and conversion to coprostanol. Journal Dairy Science 93: 1383-92.
  • [18] Majewska, D., Jakubowska, M., Ligocki, M., Tarasewicz, Z., Szczerbińska, D., Karamucki, T., Sales, J., 2009. Physicochemical characteristics, proximate analysis and mineral composition of ostrich meat as influenced by muscle. Food Chemistry 117(2): 207-211.
  • [19] Anonymous, 1996. Yoğurt TS. 1330/Revizyon. Türk Standardları Enstitüsü.
  • [20] Harrigan, W.F., 1998. Laboratory Methods in Food Microbiology. 13th ed. Academic Pres. London.
  • [21] Friedewald, W.R., Levy, R.I., Frederickson, D.S., 1972. Lipoproteins in serum. Clinical Chemistry 18: 499.
  • [22] Düzgüneş, O., Kesici, T., Kavuncu, O., Gürbüz, F., 1987. Araştırma ve deneme metotları. (İstatistiksel Metotlar-II). Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları 1021, Ankara.
  • [23] Anderson, J.W., Gilliand, S.E., 1999. Effect of fermented milk (yogurt) containing Lactobacillus acidophilus 4 on serum cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic humans. Journal of the American Collage of Nutrition 18 (1): 43-50.
  • [24] Gilliand, S.E., Nelson, C.R., Maxwell, C., 1985. Assimilation of cholesterol by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 49(2): 377-381.
  • [25] Suzuki, V., Kaizu, H., Yamauchi, Y., 1991. Effect of cultured milk on serum cholesterol concentration in rats which fed high-cholesterol diets. Animal Science and Technology 62(6): 565.
  • [26] Mann, G.V., Spoerry, A., 1974. Studies of a surfactant and cholesteremia in the Maasai. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 27(5): 464-469.
  • [27] Bazzare, T.I., Liu. W.S., Yuhas, S.A., 1983. Total and HDL-cholesterol concentrations following yogurt and calcium supplementation. Nutrition Reports İnternational 28(2): 413-421.
  • [28] Thomson, L., Jenkins, D., Amer, M., Reichert, R., Jenkins, A., Kamulsky, J., 1982. The effect of fermented and unfermented milks on serum cholesterol. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 36(6): 1106-1111.
  • [29] McNamara, D., Lowell, A., Sabb, J., 1989. Effect of yogurt intake on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in normolipidemic males. Atherosclerosis 79(2-3): 167-171.
  • [30] Beena, A., Prasad V., 1997. Effects of yogurt and bifidus yogurt fortified with skim milk powder, condensed whey and lactose-hydrolysed condensed whey on serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels in rats. Journal of Dairy Research. 64(3): 453-457.
  • [31] Rao, D.R., Chawan, C.B., Pulusani, S.R., 1981. Influence of milk and thermophilus milk on plasma cholesterol levels and hepatic cholesteregenesis in rats. Journal Food Science 46: 1339-1341.
  • [32] Danielson, A.D., Peo, E.R., Shanany, K.M., Lewis, A.J., Whalen, P.J., Amer, M.A., 1989. Anticholesteremic property of Lactobacillus acidophilus yogurt fed to mature boars. Journal Animal. Science 67: 966-974.
  • [33] Hosono, A., 2000. Effect of administration of Lactobacillus gasseri on serum lipids and fecal steroids in hypercholesterolemic rats. Journal of Dairy Science 83: 1705-1711.
  • [34] Noakes, N., Nestel, P.S., Clifton, P.M., 1996. Modifying the fatty acid profile of dairy products through feedlot technology lowers plasma cholesterol humans consuming the products. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 63: 42-46.
  • [35] Gerhard, G.T., Connor, S.L., Wander, R.C., Connor, W., 2000. Plasma lipid and lipoprotein responsiveness to dietary fat and cholesterol in premenopausal African American and white women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 72: 56-63.
  • [36] Richelsen, B., Kristensen, K., Pedersen, S.B., 1996. Long-term (6 months) effect of a new fermented milk product on the level of plasma lipoproteins-a placebo-controlled and double blind study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50: 811-815.
  • [37] Furuncuoglu, Y., Basar, M., Alıcı, S., Sengul, C., 2014. Effects of a stanol-enriched yogurt on plasma cholesterol levels. European Journal of General Medicine 11(4): 230-234.
  • [38] Hepner, G., Fried, R., Jear, S., Fusetti, L., Morin, R., 1979. Hypercholesterolemic effect of yogurt and milk. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 32 (1): 19-24.
  • [39] Ishida, M., Kuba, H., 1985. Effect of yogurt, kefir and butter milk on serum lipids of rats. Scientific Reports of the Miyagi Agricultural College 33: 43-47.
  • [40] Kiyosawa, H., Sugawara, C., Sugawara, N., Miyake, H., 1984. Effect of skim milk and yogurt on serum lipids and development of sudanophilic lesions in cholesterol-fed rabits. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 40(3): 479-484.
  • [41] Agerbaek, N., Gerdes, L.U., Richelsen, B., 1995. Hypocholesterolaemik effect of a new fermented milk product in healthy middle-aged men. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 49(5): 346-352.
  • [42] Bertolami, M.C., Faludi, A.A., Batlouni, M., 1999. Evaluation of the effects of a new fermented milk product (Gaio) on primary hypercholesterolemic. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53: 97-101.
  • [43] Aloğlu, H.Ş., Özer, E.D., Öner, Z., Savaş, H.B., Uz, E., 2015. Investigation of a probiotic yeast as a cholesterol lowering agent on rats fed on a high cholesterol enriched diet. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 21(5): 685-689.

Farklı Yoğurt ve Yem Tüketiminin Ratlarda Serum Kolesterol Seviyesine Etkisi

Year 2017, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 43 - 50, 15.04.2017
https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.305779

Abstract

Araştırmada kolesterolce
zenginleştirilmiş yemle beslenen ratların kan serumlarındaki toplam kolesterol,
HDL-kolesterol LDL-kolesterol ve trigliserit düzeyleri üzerine farklı yoğurt
örneklerinin etkisi karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir.
Serum toplam
kolesterol, HDL-kolesterol, LDL-kolesterol ve trigliserit seviyeleri üzerine
yoğurt ve asidofilus yoğurdun etkileri üç hafta boyunca beş farklı diyetle
beslenen ratlarda incelenmiştir. L.
acidophilus jonsonii
La1 ile üretilen pastörize probiyotik
yoğurt ve pastörize olmayan probiyotik yoğurtlar karşılaştırıldığında, bu
laktik asit bakterisi suşunun kolesterol üzerine birinci haftada azaltıcı bir
etkisi olduğu belirlenmiş (sırasıyla 124.00±9.89 mg/dL ve 58.5±9.19 mg/dL),
ancak üçüncü hafta sonunda yoğurt tüketimine bağlı olarak bu etki azalmış ve
kontrol grubuna (66.5±2.12 mg/dL) yakın sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. En yüksek
HDL-kolesterol oranları ikinci ve üçüncü haftalarda (sırasıyla 44.00±4.20 mg/dL
ve 43.50±2.12 mg/dL) probiyotik yoğurt tüketen rat örneklerinde belirlenmiştir.
Gruplar arasında önemli bir farklılığın olmadığı görülmüştür. En düşük
LDL-kolesterol oranları her üç haftada da probiyotik yoğurt tüketen ratlarda (sırasıyla
7.20±4.24 mg/dL, 13.80±2.83 mg/dL, 12.70±1.56 mg/dL) elde edilmiştir. Yoğurt
örnekleri ile beslenen ratlarda trigliserit seviyesi üçüncü hafta sonunda kontrol
grubundan daha düşük bulunmuştur. 

References

  • [1] Gönç, S., Akalın, A.S., Düzel, S., 1996. Farelerde Serum Kolesterol Düzeyi Üzerine Acidophilus Yoğurdunun Etkisi. Proje Sonuç Raporu. Tübitak Araştırma Projesi, No: VHAG-1168, Tübitak, Ankara.
  • [2] İbrahim, A.A.E.G., El-Sayed, E.M., Hafez, S.A., El-Zeini, H.M., Saleh, F.A., 2005. The hypocholesterolaemic effect of milk yoghurt and soy-yoghurt containing bifidobacteria in rats fed on a cholesterol-enriched diet. International Dairy Journal 15: 37–44.
  • [3] Ceyhan, N., Alıç, H., 2012. Bağırsak mikroflorası ve probiyotikler. Türk Bilimsel Derlemeler Dergisi 5: 107-113.
  • [4] Fernandes, C.F., Shanani, K.M., Amer, M.A., 1987. Therapeutic role of dietary lactobacilli and lactobacilli fermented dairy products. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 3(3): 343-356.
  • [5] Driessen, F.M., Boer, D., 1989. Fermented milks with selected intestinal bacteria: a healthy trend in new products. Netherlands Milk Dairy Journal 43: 367-382.
  • [6] Golay, A., Ferrara, J., Felber, J., Schneider, H., 1990. Cholesterol-lowering effect of skim milk from immunized cows in hypercholesterolemic patients. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 52(6): 1014-1019.
  • [7] Marette, S., Roosen, M., Blanchemanche, S., Feinblatt-Mélèze, E., 2010. Functional food, uncertainty and consumers’ choices: A lab experiment with enriched yoghurts for lowering cholesterol. Food Policy 35: 419–428.
  • [8] Gürsoy, O., Özel, S., Özbaş, H., Çon, A.H., 2011. Kolesterol seviyesinin in vitro ve in vivo koşullarda düşürülmesinde probiyotik mikroorganizmaların etkisi. Akademik Gıda 9: 37-45.
  • [9] Sadeq, H.A.S., Amin, İ., Mohd, Y.M., Shuhaimi, M., Rokiah, M.Y., Fouad, A.H., 2012. Hypocholesterolaemic effect of yoghurt containing Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum G4 or Bifidobacterium longum BB536. Food Chemistry 135: 356–361.
  • [10] Mayes, P., Çeviren: Menteş, G., 1993. Kolesterol sentezi taşınması ve atılımı. Harper’in Biyokimyası. Barış Kitabevi, İstanbul.
  • [11] Karleskind, A., Wollf, J. P., 1999. Biochemical and Nutritional Characteristics of Oils and Fats. Oils and Fats Manual, İntercept Limited, Andover U. K., Londres/Newyork, 558-572p.
  • [12] Theuwissen, E., Mensink, R.P., 2008. Water-soluble dietary fibers and cardiovascular disease. Physiology & Behavior 94: 285–292.
  • [13] Jaspers, D.A., Massey, L.K., Luedecke, L.O., 1984. Effect of consuming yogurts prepared with three cultre strains on human serum lipoproteins. Journal Food Science 49: 1178-1181.
  • [14] International Dairy Ferederation, 1991. Cultured Dairy Product in Human Nutrition. Effect on Cholesterol Metabolism. Square vergote, B-1040 Brussels, BELGIUM, 41p.
  • [15] Ivey, KL., Hodgson, J.M., Kerr, D.A., Thompson, P.L., Stojceski, B., Prince, R.L., 2015. The effect of yoghurt and its probiotics on blood pressure and serum lipid profile; a randomised controlled trial. Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases 25: 46-51.
  • [16] Gönç, S., Akalın, S., Kılınç, S., 1996. Fermente süt mamülleri ve kolesterol arasındaki ilişkiye ait bir değerlendirme. Gıda 21(2): 89-94.
  • [17] Lye, H.S., Rusul, G., Liong, M.T., 2010. Removal of cholesterol by Lactobacilli Via incorporation and conversion to coprostanol. Journal Dairy Science 93: 1383-92.
  • [18] Majewska, D., Jakubowska, M., Ligocki, M., Tarasewicz, Z., Szczerbińska, D., Karamucki, T., Sales, J., 2009. Physicochemical characteristics, proximate analysis and mineral composition of ostrich meat as influenced by muscle. Food Chemistry 117(2): 207-211.
  • [19] Anonymous, 1996. Yoğurt TS. 1330/Revizyon. Türk Standardları Enstitüsü.
  • [20] Harrigan, W.F., 1998. Laboratory Methods in Food Microbiology. 13th ed. Academic Pres. London.
  • [21] Friedewald, W.R., Levy, R.I., Frederickson, D.S., 1972. Lipoproteins in serum. Clinical Chemistry 18: 499.
  • [22] Düzgüneş, O., Kesici, T., Kavuncu, O., Gürbüz, F., 1987. Araştırma ve deneme metotları. (İstatistiksel Metotlar-II). Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları 1021, Ankara.
  • [23] Anderson, J.W., Gilliand, S.E., 1999. Effect of fermented milk (yogurt) containing Lactobacillus acidophilus 4 on serum cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic humans. Journal of the American Collage of Nutrition 18 (1): 43-50.
  • [24] Gilliand, S.E., Nelson, C.R., Maxwell, C., 1985. Assimilation of cholesterol by Lactobacillus acidophilus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 49(2): 377-381.
  • [25] Suzuki, V., Kaizu, H., Yamauchi, Y., 1991. Effect of cultured milk on serum cholesterol concentration in rats which fed high-cholesterol diets. Animal Science and Technology 62(6): 565.
  • [26] Mann, G.V., Spoerry, A., 1974. Studies of a surfactant and cholesteremia in the Maasai. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 27(5): 464-469.
  • [27] Bazzare, T.I., Liu. W.S., Yuhas, S.A., 1983. Total and HDL-cholesterol concentrations following yogurt and calcium supplementation. Nutrition Reports İnternational 28(2): 413-421.
  • [28] Thomson, L., Jenkins, D., Amer, M., Reichert, R., Jenkins, A., Kamulsky, J., 1982. The effect of fermented and unfermented milks on serum cholesterol. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 36(6): 1106-1111.
  • [29] McNamara, D., Lowell, A., Sabb, J., 1989. Effect of yogurt intake on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in normolipidemic males. Atherosclerosis 79(2-3): 167-171.
  • [30] Beena, A., Prasad V., 1997. Effects of yogurt and bifidus yogurt fortified with skim milk powder, condensed whey and lactose-hydrolysed condensed whey on serum cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels in rats. Journal of Dairy Research. 64(3): 453-457.
  • [31] Rao, D.R., Chawan, C.B., Pulusani, S.R., 1981. Influence of milk and thermophilus milk on plasma cholesterol levels and hepatic cholesteregenesis in rats. Journal Food Science 46: 1339-1341.
  • [32] Danielson, A.D., Peo, E.R., Shanany, K.M., Lewis, A.J., Whalen, P.J., Amer, M.A., 1989. Anticholesteremic property of Lactobacillus acidophilus yogurt fed to mature boars. Journal Animal. Science 67: 966-974.
  • [33] Hosono, A., 2000. Effect of administration of Lactobacillus gasseri on serum lipids and fecal steroids in hypercholesterolemic rats. Journal of Dairy Science 83: 1705-1711.
  • [34] Noakes, N., Nestel, P.S., Clifton, P.M., 1996. Modifying the fatty acid profile of dairy products through feedlot technology lowers plasma cholesterol humans consuming the products. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 63: 42-46.
  • [35] Gerhard, G.T., Connor, S.L., Wander, R.C., Connor, W., 2000. Plasma lipid and lipoprotein responsiveness to dietary fat and cholesterol in premenopausal African American and white women. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 72: 56-63.
  • [36] Richelsen, B., Kristensen, K., Pedersen, S.B., 1996. Long-term (6 months) effect of a new fermented milk product on the level of plasma lipoproteins-a placebo-controlled and double blind study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 50: 811-815.
  • [37] Furuncuoglu, Y., Basar, M., Alıcı, S., Sengul, C., 2014. Effects of a stanol-enriched yogurt on plasma cholesterol levels. European Journal of General Medicine 11(4): 230-234.
  • [38] Hepner, G., Fried, R., Jear, S., Fusetti, L., Morin, R., 1979. Hypercholesterolemic effect of yogurt and milk. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 32 (1): 19-24.
  • [39] Ishida, M., Kuba, H., 1985. Effect of yogurt, kefir and butter milk on serum lipids of rats. Scientific Reports of the Miyagi Agricultural College 33: 43-47.
  • [40] Kiyosawa, H., Sugawara, C., Sugawara, N., Miyake, H., 1984. Effect of skim milk and yogurt on serum lipids and development of sudanophilic lesions in cholesterol-fed rabits. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 40(3): 479-484.
  • [41] Agerbaek, N., Gerdes, L.U., Richelsen, B., 1995. Hypocholesterolaemik effect of a new fermented milk product in healthy middle-aged men. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 49(5): 346-352.
  • [42] Bertolami, M.C., Faludi, A.A., Batlouni, M., 1999. Evaluation of the effects of a new fermented milk product (Gaio) on primary hypercholesterolemic. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53: 97-101.
  • [43] Aloğlu, H.Ş., Özer, E.D., Öner, Z., Savaş, H.B., Uz, E., 2015. Investigation of a probiotic yeast as a cholesterol lowering agent on rats fed on a high cholesterol enriched diet. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 21(5): 685-689.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Research Papers
Authors

Nizam Mustafa Nizamlıoğlu

Nihat Akın This is me

Publication Date April 15, 2017
Submission Date April 12, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 15 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Nizamlıoğlu, N. M., & Akın, N. (2017). Farklı Yoğurt ve Yem Tüketiminin Ratlarda Serum Kolesterol Seviyesine Etkisi. Akademik Gıda, 15(1), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.305779
AMA Nizamlıoğlu NM, Akın N. Farklı Yoğurt ve Yem Tüketiminin Ratlarda Serum Kolesterol Seviyesine Etkisi. Akademik Gıda. April 2017;15(1):43-50. doi:10.24323/akademik-gida.305779
Chicago Nizamlıoğlu, Nizam Mustafa, and Nihat Akın. “Farklı Yoğurt Ve Yem Tüketiminin Ratlarda Serum Kolesterol Seviyesine Etkisi”. Akademik Gıda 15, no. 1 (April 2017): 43-50. https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.305779.
EndNote Nizamlıoğlu NM, Akın N (April 1, 2017) Farklı Yoğurt ve Yem Tüketiminin Ratlarda Serum Kolesterol Seviyesine Etkisi. Akademik Gıda 15 1 43–50.
IEEE N. M. Nizamlıoğlu and N. Akın, “Farklı Yoğurt ve Yem Tüketiminin Ratlarda Serum Kolesterol Seviyesine Etkisi”, Akademik Gıda, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 43–50, 2017, doi: 10.24323/akademik-gida.305779.
ISNAD Nizamlıoğlu, Nizam Mustafa - Akın, Nihat. “Farklı Yoğurt Ve Yem Tüketiminin Ratlarda Serum Kolesterol Seviyesine Etkisi”. Akademik Gıda 15/1 (April 2017), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.305779.
JAMA Nizamlıoğlu NM, Akın N. Farklı Yoğurt ve Yem Tüketiminin Ratlarda Serum Kolesterol Seviyesine Etkisi. Akademik Gıda. 2017;15:43–50.
MLA Nizamlıoğlu, Nizam Mustafa and Nihat Akın. “Farklı Yoğurt Ve Yem Tüketiminin Ratlarda Serum Kolesterol Seviyesine Etkisi”. Akademik Gıda, vol. 15, no. 1, 2017, pp. 43-50, doi:10.24323/akademik-gida.305779.
Vancouver Nizamlıoğlu NM, Akın N. Farklı Yoğurt ve Yem Tüketiminin Ratlarda Serum Kolesterol Seviyesine Etkisi. Akademik Gıda. 2017;15(1):43-50.

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