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Valorizing Agricultural Waste: Synthesis of Pomegranate Peel-Derived Activated Carbon-Based Hybrid Composite for Sustainable Heavy Metal Removal

Year 2023, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 24 - 31, 21.11.2023

Idrees Khalo Doğu Ramazanoğlu

Abstract

The effective removal of heavy metals from water sources is of paramount importance due to their detrimental effects on the environment and human health. In this study, we present a sustainable approach to address this issue by valorizing agricultural waste in the form of pomegranate peel for the synthesis of an activated carbon-based hybrid composite. The pomegranate peel-derived activated carbon exhibited high removal capacities for Pb2+ and Ca2+ ions, with maximum elimination achieved at pH 7 within a pH range of 3 to 11. The adsorption process reached equilibrium in 30 minutes, resulting in remarkable removal efficiencies of 80.3% for Pb2+ and 74.3% for Cd2+. These findings highlight the successful synthesis and characterization of pomegranate peel-derived activated carbon as a promising and environmentally friendly solution for the sustainable removal of heavy metals, emphasizing the significance of agricultural waste valorization in mitigating water contamination.

Keywords

Hybrid Composite, Agricultural waste, pomegranate peel, activated carbon, heavy metal removal, sustainable adsorbents.

References

  • [1] M.C.S. Minello, A.L. Paco, M.A.U. Martines, L. Caetano, A.D. Santos, P.M. Padilha, and G.R. Castro, "Sediment grain size distribution and heavy metals determination in a dam on the Paraná River at Ilha Solteira, Brazil," Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, (2009), 44. 9, 861-865.
  • [2] M.A. Hossain, H.H. Ngo, W.S. Guo, and T.V. Nguyen, "Removal of copper from water by adsorption onto banana peel as bio adsorbent," GEOMATE Journal, (2012), 2, 4, 227-234.
  • [3] V.K. Gupta, M. Gupta, and S. Sharma, "Process development for the removal of lead and chromium from aqueous solutions using red mud—an aluminum industry waste," Water Research, (2001), 35, 5, 1125-1134.
  • [4] M.S. Sinicropi, D. Amantea, A. Caruso, and C. Saturnino, "Chemical and biological properties of toxic metals and use of chelating agents for the pharmacological treatment of metal poisoning," Archives of toxicology, (2010), 84, 7, 501-520.
  • [5] T.C. Hsu, "Experimental assessment of adsorption of Cu2+ and Ni2+ from aqueous solution by oyster shell powder," Journal of Hazardous Materials, (2009), 171, 1-3, 995-1000.
  • [6] D. Ramazanoğlu, Z.A. Mohammed, I. Khalo, and K. Maher, "Aubergine-based Biosorbents for Heavy Metal Extraction," Bayburt Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, (2022), 5, 2,198-205.
  • [7] D. Ramazanoğlu, Z.A. Mohammed, and K. Maher, "Investigation Usability of Biosorbents Obtained from Orange peels in Heavy Metal Adsorption," Şırnak Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, (2023), 3, 2, 1-12.
  • [8] D. Ramazanoğlu, Z.A. Mohammed, S. Abdulqadr, and K. Maher, "Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Different Biomasses," Şırnak Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, (2023), 3, 2, 24-33.
  • [9] J.M. Salman and B.H. Hameed, "Removal of insecticide carbofuran from aqueous solutions by banana stalks activated carbon," Journal of hazardous materials, (2010), 176, 1-3, 814-819.
  • [10] J.M. Salman and B.H. Hameed, "Adsorption of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and carbofuran pesticides onto granular activated carbon," Desalination, (2010), 256, 1-3, 129-135.
  • [11] G.H. Pino, L.M.S. De Mesquita, M.L. Torem, and G.A.S. Pinto, "Biosorption of cadmium by green coconut shell powder," Minerals Engineering, (2006), 19, 5, 380-387.
  • [12] R. Domínguez, M. Pateiro, M. Gagaoua, F.J. Barba, W. Zhang, and J.M. Lorenzo, "A comprehensive review on lipid oxidation in meat and meat products," Antioxidants, (2019), 8, 10, 429.
  • [13] S. Smaoui, H.B. Hlima, A.C. Mtibaa, M. Fourati, I. Sellem, K. Elhadef, and L. Mellouli, "Pomegranate peel as phenolic compounds source: Advanced analytical strategies and practical use in meat products," Meat Science, (2019), 158, 107914.
  • [14] E.M. Alexandre, S. Silva, S. Santos, A.J. Silvestre, M.F. Duarte, J.A. Saraiva, and M. Pintado, "Antimicrobial activity of pomegranate peel extracts performed by high pressure and enzymatic assisted extraction," Food Research International, (2019), 115, 67-176.
  • [15] P. Săvescu, "Natural Compounds with Antioxidant Activity-Used in the Design of Functional Foods," Functional Foods: Phytochemicals and Health Promoting Potential, (2021), 169.
  • [16] Y. Sudaryanto, S. Á. Hartono, W. Irawaty, H. Hindarso, and S. Ismadji, "High surface area activated carbon prepared from cassava peel by chemical activation," Bioresource Technology, (2006), 97, 5, 734-739.
  • [17] K.O.K. Leong, "Adsorption of heavy metals using banana peels in wastewater treatment," The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics, (2018), 2, 312-317.
  • [18] J.M. Salman and M.J. Mohammed, "Batch study for herbicide bentazon adsorption onto branches of pomegranates trees activated carbon," Desalination and Water Treatment, (2013), 51, 25-27, 5005-5008.
  • [19] S. Uçar, M. Erdem, T. Tay, and S. Karagöz, "Preparation and characterization of activated carbon produced from pomegranate seeds by ZnCl2 activation," Applied Surface Science, (2009), 255, 21, 8890-8896.
  • [20] L. Yang, G. Zhao, W. Li, Y. Liu, X. Shi, X. Jia, and J.E. Chen, "Low-frequency vibrational modes of dl-homocysteine acid and related compounds," Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, vol. 73, no. 5, pp. 884-891, 2009.
  • [21] R.G. Lehmann and R.D. Harter, "Assessment of copper‐soil bond strength by desorption kinetics," Soil Science Society of America Journal, (1984), 48, 4, 769-772
  • [22] C.F. Lin, S.H. Liu, and O.J. Hao, "Effect of functional groups of humic substances on UF performance," Water Research, (2001), 35, 10, 2395-2402.

Valorizing Agricultural Waste: Synthesis of Pomegranate Peel-Derived Activated Carbon-Based Hybrid Composite for Sustainable Heavy Metal Removal

Year 2023, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 24 - 31, 21.11.2023

Idrees Khalo Doğu Ramazanoğlu

Abstract

Ağır metallerin su kaynaklarından etkili bir şekilde uzaklaştırılması, çevre ve insan sağlığı üzerindeki zararlı etkileri nedeniyle büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, aktif karbon bazlı hibrit kompozit sentezi için nar kabuğu şeklindeki tarımsal atıkları değerlendirerek bu sorunu ele almak için sürdürülebilir bir yaklaşım sunuyoruz. Nar kabuğundan türetilen aktif karbon, Pb2+ ve Ca2+ iyonları için yüksek giderim kapasiteleri sergilemiş ve 3 ila 11 pH aralığında pH 7'de maksimum giderim elde edilmiştir. Adsorpsiyon süreci 30 dakika içinde dengeye ulaşmış ve Pb2+ için %80,3 ve Cd2+ için %74,3'lük kayda değer giderim verimlilikleri elde edilmiştir. Bu bulgular, nar kabuğundan türetilen aktif karbonun ağır metallerin sürdürülebilir bir şekilde uzaklaştırılması için umut verici ve çevre dostu bir çözüm olarak başarılı bir şekilde sentezlendiğini ve karakterize edildiğini vurgulayarak, su kirliliğinin azaltılmasında tarımsal atıkların değerlendirilmesinin önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

Hibrit kompozit, tarımsal atık, aktif karbon nar kabuğu

References

  • [1] M.C.S. Minello, A.L. Paco, M.A.U. Martines, L. Caetano, A.D. Santos, P.M. Padilha, and G.R. Castro, "Sediment grain size distribution and heavy metals determination in a dam on the Paraná River at Ilha Solteira, Brazil," Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, (2009), 44. 9, 861-865.
  • [2] M.A. Hossain, H.H. Ngo, W.S. Guo, and T.V. Nguyen, "Removal of copper from water by adsorption onto banana peel as bio adsorbent," GEOMATE Journal, (2012), 2, 4, 227-234.
  • [3] V.K. Gupta, M. Gupta, and S. Sharma, "Process development for the removal of lead and chromium from aqueous solutions using red mud—an aluminum industry waste," Water Research, (2001), 35, 5, 1125-1134.
  • [4] M.S. Sinicropi, D. Amantea, A. Caruso, and C. Saturnino, "Chemical and biological properties of toxic metals and use of chelating agents for the pharmacological treatment of metal poisoning," Archives of toxicology, (2010), 84, 7, 501-520.
  • [5] T.C. Hsu, "Experimental assessment of adsorption of Cu2+ and Ni2+ from aqueous solution by oyster shell powder," Journal of Hazardous Materials, (2009), 171, 1-3, 995-1000.
  • [6] D. Ramazanoğlu, Z.A. Mohammed, I. Khalo, and K. Maher, "Aubergine-based Biosorbents for Heavy Metal Extraction," Bayburt Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, (2022), 5, 2,198-205.
  • [7] D. Ramazanoğlu, Z.A. Mohammed, and K. Maher, "Investigation Usability of Biosorbents Obtained from Orange peels in Heavy Metal Adsorption," Şırnak Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, (2023), 3, 2, 1-12.
  • [8] D. Ramazanoğlu, Z.A. Mohammed, S. Abdulqadr, and K. Maher, "Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Different Biomasses," Şırnak Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, (2023), 3, 2, 24-33.
  • [9] J.M. Salman and B.H. Hameed, "Removal of insecticide carbofuran from aqueous solutions by banana stalks activated carbon," Journal of hazardous materials, (2010), 176, 1-3, 814-819.
  • [10] J.M. Salman and B.H. Hameed, "Adsorption of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and carbofuran pesticides onto granular activated carbon," Desalination, (2010), 256, 1-3, 129-135.
  • [11] G.H. Pino, L.M.S. De Mesquita, M.L. Torem, and G.A.S. Pinto, "Biosorption of cadmium by green coconut shell powder," Minerals Engineering, (2006), 19, 5, 380-387.
  • [12] R. Domínguez, M. Pateiro, M. Gagaoua, F.J. Barba, W. Zhang, and J.M. Lorenzo, "A comprehensive review on lipid oxidation in meat and meat products," Antioxidants, (2019), 8, 10, 429.
  • [13] S. Smaoui, H.B. Hlima, A.C. Mtibaa, M. Fourati, I. Sellem, K. Elhadef, and L. Mellouli, "Pomegranate peel as phenolic compounds source: Advanced analytical strategies and practical use in meat products," Meat Science, (2019), 158, 107914.
  • [14] E.M. Alexandre, S. Silva, S. Santos, A.J. Silvestre, M.F. Duarte, J.A. Saraiva, and M. Pintado, "Antimicrobial activity of pomegranate peel extracts performed by high pressure and enzymatic assisted extraction," Food Research International, (2019), 115, 67-176.
  • [15] P. Săvescu, "Natural Compounds with Antioxidant Activity-Used in the Design of Functional Foods," Functional Foods: Phytochemicals and Health Promoting Potential, (2021), 169.
  • [16] Y. Sudaryanto, S. Á. Hartono, W. Irawaty, H. Hindarso, and S. Ismadji, "High surface area activated carbon prepared from cassava peel by chemical activation," Bioresource Technology, (2006), 97, 5, 734-739.
  • [17] K.O.K. Leong, "Adsorption of heavy metals using banana peels in wastewater treatment," The Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics, (2018), 2, 312-317.
  • [18] J.M. Salman and M.J. Mohammed, "Batch study for herbicide bentazon adsorption onto branches of pomegranates trees activated carbon," Desalination and Water Treatment, (2013), 51, 25-27, 5005-5008.
  • [19] S. Uçar, M. Erdem, T. Tay, and S. Karagöz, "Preparation and characterization of activated carbon produced from pomegranate seeds by ZnCl2 activation," Applied Surface Science, (2009), 255, 21, 8890-8896.
  • [20] L. Yang, G. Zhao, W. Li, Y. Liu, X. Shi, X. Jia, and J.E. Chen, "Low-frequency vibrational modes of dl-homocysteine acid and related compounds," Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, vol. 73, no. 5, pp. 884-891, 2009.
  • [21] R.G. Lehmann and R.D. Harter, "Assessment of copper‐soil bond strength by desorption kinetics," Soil Science Society of America Journal, (1984), 48, 4, 769-772
  • [22] C.F. Lin, S.H. Liu, and O.J. Hao, "Effect of functional groups of humic substances on UF performance," Water Research, (2001), 35, 10, 2395-2402.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Separation Science
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Idrees Khalo 0000-0002-5672-4150

Doğu Ramazanoğlu 0000-0002-6356-5792

Publication Date November 21, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Khalo, I., & Ramazanoğlu, D. (2023). Valorizing Agricultural Waste: Synthesis of Pomegranate Peel-Derived Activated Carbon-Based Hybrid Composite for Sustainable Heavy Metal Removal. Ata-Kimya Dergisi, 3(2), 24-31.
AMA Khalo I, Ramazanoğlu D. Valorizing Agricultural Waste: Synthesis of Pomegranate Peel-Derived Activated Carbon-Based Hybrid Composite for Sustainable Heavy Metal Removal. J Ata-Chem. November 2023;3(2):24-31.
Chicago Khalo, Idrees, and Doğu Ramazanoğlu. “Valorizing Agricultural Waste: Synthesis of Pomegranate Peel-Derived Activated Carbon-Based Hybrid Composite for Sustainable Heavy Metal Removal”. Ata-Kimya Dergisi 3, no. 2 (November 2023): 24-31.
EndNote Khalo I, Ramazanoğlu D (November 1, 2023) Valorizing Agricultural Waste: Synthesis of Pomegranate Peel-Derived Activated Carbon-Based Hybrid Composite for Sustainable Heavy Metal Removal. Ata-Kimya Dergisi 3 2 24–31.
IEEE I. Khalo and D. Ramazanoğlu, “Valorizing Agricultural Waste: Synthesis of Pomegranate Peel-Derived Activated Carbon-Based Hybrid Composite for Sustainable Heavy Metal Removal”, J Ata-Chem, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 24–31, 2023.
ISNAD Khalo, Idrees - Ramazanoğlu, Doğu. “Valorizing Agricultural Waste: Synthesis of Pomegranate Peel-Derived Activated Carbon-Based Hybrid Composite for Sustainable Heavy Metal Removal”. Ata-Kimya Dergisi 3/2 (November 2023), 24-31.
JAMA Khalo I, Ramazanoğlu D. Valorizing Agricultural Waste: Synthesis of Pomegranate Peel-Derived Activated Carbon-Based Hybrid Composite for Sustainable Heavy Metal Removal. J Ata-Chem. 2023;3:24–31.
MLA Khalo, Idrees and Doğu Ramazanoğlu. “Valorizing Agricultural Waste: Synthesis of Pomegranate Peel-Derived Activated Carbon-Based Hybrid Composite for Sustainable Heavy Metal Removal”. Ata-Kimya Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 2, 2023, pp. 24-31.
Vancouver Khalo I, Ramazanoğlu D. Valorizing Agricultural Waste: Synthesis of Pomegranate Peel-Derived Activated Carbon-Based Hybrid Composite for Sustainable Heavy Metal Removal. J Ata-Chem. 2023;3(2):24-31.
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