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Islatma-Kurutmanın Kraft Kağıt Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2020, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 436 - 446, 15.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.722679

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı ıslatma-kurutma işlemlerinin ağartılmış kraft kağıtlarının özellikleri üzerine etkilerini araştırmaktır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; üç farklı firmadan (A, B ve C tipi) temin edilen kağıt numunelerinin sürekli ıslatılmasının ve kurutulmasının hem fiziksel hem de mukavemet özellikleri üzerinde etkili olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, başlangıç aşamaları (5. ıslatma-kurutma aşamasına kadar) yüksek derecede modifikasyon ile sonuçlanan dramatik etkilere sahipken sonraki her aşamanın fiziksel özellikler üzerinde ılımlı bir eğilim olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
Islatma-kurutma işlemi devam ederken azalan kopma uzunluğu ve patlama indeksinin aksine, yırtılma indeksi her iki yönde de değişmiştir (artar veya azalır). Bununla birlikte, numunelerin ıslatma-kurutma işlemleriyle kopma uzunluğunun %11.4 ile %67.8 aralığında azaldığı bulunmuştur. En düşük kopma uzunluğu 8. döngü aşamasında 1.79 km olan B tipi kağıtlarda gözlenmiştir. En düşük yırtılma indeksinin C tipi kağıtların 5. ıslatma-kurutma aşamasından sonra 2.64 mN.m2/gr değerinde olduğu, en yüksek yırtılma indeksinin ise B tipi kağıtların 6. ıslatma-kurutma aşamasında 5.62 mN.m2/gr değerinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Islatma-kurutma işlemi sırasında kağıt yapısının hasar gördüğü ve bağlanma potansiyellerinin azaldığı açıkça anlaşılmaktadır.

References

  • 1. Atalla, R.H. (1992). Structural change in cellulose during papermaking and recycling, Materials Research Society Symposium, 229-236, April 27-29, San Francisco, CA.
  • 2. Çiçekler, M. (2019). Birincil ve Ikincil Lif Karişimlarinin Yazi Tabi, Oluklu Mukavva Ve Gazete Kağidi Üretiminde Kullaniminin Araştirilmasi (In Turkish), Doctoral dissertation, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
  • 3. Clark, J.D.A. (1985). Pulp Technology and Treatment for Paper. San Francisco, California: Miller Freeman Publications, Inc. NY, 878 pages.
  • 4. Goring, D.A.I. (1978). The effect of cellulose on the structure of water, TAPPI Annual Meeting, March 6-8, Conrad Hilton Hotel, Chicago.
  • 5. Howard, R.C. (1990). The effects of recycling on paper quality, Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 16(9): 143-149.
  • 6. Howard, R.C., Bichard, W. (1992). The basic effects of recycling on pulp properties, Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 18(4): 151-159.
  • 7. Hubbe, M.A. 2007. Paper’s resistance to wetting-A review of internal sizing chemicals and their effects, BioResources, 2(1): 106–145.
  • 8. ISO 5636-4 (2013). Paper and board - Determination of air permeance (medium range) - Part 4: Sheffield method, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • 9. ISO 8791-2 (2013). Paper and board - Determination of roughness/smoothness (air leak methods) - Part 2: Bendtsen method, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • 10. Latifah, J., Ainun, Z.M.A., Rushdan, I., Mahmudin, S. (2009). Restoring strength to recycled fibres by blending with kenaf pulp, Malaysian Journal of Science, 28(1): 78-87.
  • 11. Li, Y., Nanri, Y., Douglas, W.J.M., Vera, J.H. (1994). Equilibrium moisture content of cellulosic materials at high temperature, Drying Tech., 12(4): 823-847.
  • 12. Lovaglio, T., Gindl-Altmutter, W., Meints, T., Moretti, Todaro, L. (2019). Wetting behavior of Alder (Alnus cordata (Loisel) Duby) wood surface: effect of thermo-treatment and Alkyl Ketene Dimer (AKD), Forests, 10:770-786.
  • 13. McKee, R. (1971). Effect of repulping on sheet properties and fiber characteristics. Paper Trade J., (May 24): 34-40.
  • 14. McKenzie, A.W. (1984). The structure and properties of paper Part XXI: The diffusion theory of adhesion applied to interfibre bonding, Appita, 37(7): 580-583.
  • 15. Nanko, H., Asano, S., Ohsawa, J. (1991). Shrinking behavior of pulp fibers during drying, International Paper Physic Conference, January, Book 2, Kailua Kona, HI, pp: 365-373.
  • 16. Nazhad, M.M. (2005). Recycled fibre quality–A review, Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry, Korean Journal, 11(3): 314.
  • 17. Pesman, E., Laloglu, S. (2018). Recycling of colored office paper. Part I: Pre-bleaching with Formamidine Sulfinic Acid at pulper, Bioresources, 13(2): 3949-3957.
  • 18. Roberts, J.C. (1996). Paper Chemistry, 2nd Ed., Blackie, Glasgow and London; USA, Chapman and Hall, New York, 267 pages.
  • 19. Sahin, H. (2013). A study on paper recycling effects on cellulose properties, (Turkish, Abstract in English) SDU Faculty of Forestry Journal, 14(1): 74-80.
  • 20. Sahin, H.T. (2009). The effects of waste paper properties on recycling, (Turkish, Abstract in English) Artvin Coruh University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 10(2), 117-123.
  • 21. Sahin, H.T., Arslan, M.B. (2008). A study on physical and chemical properties of cellulose paper immersed in various solvent mixtures, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 9(1): 78-88.
  • 22. Scott, W.E., Abbott, J.E. (1995). Properties of Paper: An Introduction, Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA. 174 pages.
  • 23. Singh, S., Roy, D.N. (1996). The Effects of recycling on the chemical properties of thermomechanical pulp, J. Wood Chem. & Tech., 16(4): 421-437.
  • 24. Smook, G.A. (2002). Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologists, 3rd Ed., Angus Wilde Publications, Canada, 425 pages.
  • 25. Sood, Y.V., Pande, P.C., Tyagi, S., Payra, I., Kulkarni, N., Kulkarni, A.G. (2005). Quality improvement of paper from bamboo and hardwood furnish through fiber fractionation, Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, 64: 299-305.
  • 26. Sutjipto, E.R., Li, K., Pongpattanasuegsa, S., Nazhad, M.M. (2008). Effect of recycling on paper properties. Tappsa Journal (Technical Article), Reached at: 03.03.2020; http://www.tappsa.co.za/archive3/Journal_papers/Effect_of_recycling_on_paper_p/
  • 27. TAPPI T402 (2013). Standard conditioning and testing atmosphere for paper, board, pulp handsheets, and related products, Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry, Atlanta, USA.
  • 28. TAPPI T403 (2015). Bursting strength of paper, Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry, Atlanta, USA.
  • 29. TAPPI T411 (2015). Thickness (Caliper) of paper, paperboard, and combined board, Technical Associationof Pulp and Paper Industry, Atlanta, USA.
  • 30. TAPPI T414 (2013). Internal tearing resistance of paper (Elmendorf-type method), Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry, Atlanta, USA.
  • 31. TAPPI T441 (2013). Water absorptiveness of sized (non-bibulous) paper, paperboard, and corrugated fiberboard (Cobb test), Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry, Atlanta, USA.
  • 32. TAPPI T494 (2006). Tensile properties of paper and paperboard, Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry, Atlanta, USA.
  • 33. Wistara, N., Raymond, A. (1999). Properties and treatments of pulps from recycled paper, Part I. Physical and chemical properties of pulps, Cellulose, 6:291-324.
  • 34. Yeo, J., Lee, J., Hwang, S. (2017). Effects of lignin on the volume shrinkage and mechanical properties of a styrene/unsaturated polyester/lignin ternary composite system, Composites Part B: Engineering, 130(1): 167-173.

A Study on Effects of Wetting-Drying on Bleached Kraft Paper Properties

Year 2020, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 436 - 446, 15.08.2020
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.722679

Abstract

The aim of the study is to investigate effects of wetting-drying processes on bleached kraft paper properties. According to results; it has been realized that continuously wetting-drying of paper samples supplied from three different brand (A, B, and C types) effect on both physical and strength properties. However, initial stages (up to 5th cycling stages) have dramatic effects resulting in a high degree of modification, considering the fact that each following stage is moderate trend on physical properties.
Contrary to breaking length and burst index that have a reducing trend as wetting-drying in progress, the tear index changed in both directions (increases or decreases). However, breaking length of samples were found to be reduced range of 11.4% to 67.8%. Nevertheless, the lowest breaking length was observed B type of papers with 1.79 km at 8th cycling stage. The lowest tear index of 2.64 mN.m2/gr was found at 5th cycling stage for C type papers while the highest tear index of 5.62 mN.m2/gr was found at 6th cycling stage for B type papers. It is clearly realized that the paper network structure are damaged and bonding potentials reduced during the wetting-drying process. 

References

  • 1. Atalla, R.H. (1992). Structural change in cellulose during papermaking and recycling, Materials Research Society Symposium, 229-236, April 27-29, San Francisco, CA.
  • 2. Çiçekler, M. (2019). Birincil ve Ikincil Lif Karişimlarinin Yazi Tabi, Oluklu Mukavva Ve Gazete Kağidi Üretiminde Kullaniminin Araştirilmasi (In Turkish), Doctoral dissertation, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
  • 3. Clark, J.D.A. (1985). Pulp Technology and Treatment for Paper. San Francisco, California: Miller Freeman Publications, Inc. NY, 878 pages.
  • 4. Goring, D.A.I. (1978). The effect of cellulose on the structure of water, TAPPI Annual Meeting, March 6-8, Conrad Hilton Hotel, Chicago.
  • 5. Howard, R.C. (1990). The effects of recycling on paper quality, Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 16(9): 143-149.
  • 6. Howard, R.C., Bichard, W. (1992). The basic effects of recycling on pulp properties, Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 18(4): 151-159.
  • 7. Hubbe, M.A. 2007. Paper’s resistance to wetting-A review of internal sizing chemicals and their effects, BioResources, 2(1): 106–145.
  • 8. ISO 5636-4 (2013). Paper and board - Determination of air permeance (medium range) - Part 4: Sheffield method, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • 9. ISO 8791-2 (2013). Paper and board - Determination of roughness/smoothness (air leak methods) - Part 2: Bendtsen method, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • 10. Latifah, J., Ainun, Z.M.A., Rushdan, I., Mahmudin, S. (2009). Restoring strength to recycled fibres by blending with kenaf pulp, Malaysian Journal of Science, 28(1): 78-87.
  • 11. Li, Y., Nanri, Y., Douglas, W.J.M., Vera, J.H. (1994). Equilibrium moisture content of cellulosic materials at high temperature, Drying Tech., 12(4): 823-847.
  • 12. Lovaglio, T., Gindl-Altmutter, W., Meints, T., Moretti, Todaro, L. (2019). Wetting behavior of Alder (Alnus cordata (Loisel) Duby) wood surface: effect of thermo-treatment and Alkyl Ketene Dimer (AKD), Forests, 10:770-786.
  • 13. McKee, R. (1971). Effect of repulping on sheet properties and fiber characteristics. Paper Trade J., (May 24): 34-40.
  • 14. McKenzie, A.W. (1984). The structure and properties of paper Part XXI: The diffusion theory of adhesion applied to interfibre bonding, Appita, 37(7): 580-583.
  • 15. Nanko, H., Asano, S., Ohsawa, J. (1991). Shrinking behavior of pulp fibers during drying, International Paper Physic Conference, January, Book 2, Kailua Kona, HI, pp: 365-373.
  • 16. Nazhad, M.M. (2005). Recycled fibre quality–A review, Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry, Korean Journal, 11(3): 314.
  • 17. Pesman, E., Laloglu, S. (2018). Recycling of colored office paper. Part I: Pre-bleaching with Formamidine Sulfinic Acid at pulper, Bioresources, 13(2): 3949-3957.
  • 18. Roberts, J.C. (1996). Paper Chemistry, 2nd Ed., Blackie, Glasgow and London; USA, Chapman and Hall, New York, 267 pages.
  • 19. Sahin, H. (2013). A study on paper recycling effects on cellulose properties, (Turkish, Abstract in English) SDU Faculty of Forestry Journal, 14(1): 74-80.
  • 20. Sahin, H.T. (2009). The effects of waste paper properties on recycling, (Turkish, Abstract in English) Artvin Coruh University Journal of Forestry Faculty, 10(2), 117-123.
  • 21. Sahin, H.T., Arslan, M.B. (2008). A study on physical and chemical properties of cellulose paper immersed in various solvent mixtures, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 9(1): 78-88.
  • 22. Scott, W.E., Abbott, J.E. (1995). Properties of Paper: An Introduction, Tappi Press, Atlanta, GA. 174 pages.
  • 23. Singh, S., Roy, D.N. (1996). The Effects of recycling on the chemical properties of thermomechanical pulp, J. Wood Chem. & Tech., 16(4): 421-437.
  • 24. Smook, G.A. (2002). Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologists, 3rd Ed., Angus Wilde Publications, Canada, 425 pages.
  • 25. Sood, Y.V., Pande, P.C., Tyagi, S., Payra, I., Kulkarni, N., Kulkarni, A.G. (2005). Quality improvement of paper from bamboo and hardwood furnish through fiber fractionation, Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, 64: 299-305.
  • 26. Sutjipto, E.R., Li, K., Pongpattanasuegsa, S., Nazhad, M.M. (2008). Effect of recycling on paper properties. Tappsa Journal (Technical Article), Reached at: 03.03.2020; http://www.tappsa.co.za/archive3/Journal_papers/Effect_of_recycling_on_paper_p/
  • 27. TAPPI T402 (2013). Standard conditioning and testing atmosphere for paper, board, pulp handsheets, and related products, Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry, Atlanta, USA.
  • 28. TAPPI T403 (2015). Bursting strength of paper, Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry, Atlanta, USA.
  • 29. TAPPI T411 (2015). Thickness (Caliper) of paper, paperboard, and combined board, Technical Associationof Pulp and Paper Industry, Atlanta, USA.
  • 30. TAPPI T414 (2013). Internal tearing resistance of paper (Elmendorf-type method), Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry, Atlanta, USA.
  • 31. TAPPI T441 (2013). Water absorptiveness of sized (non-bibulous) paper, paperboard, and corrugated fiberboard (Cobb test), Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry, Atlanta, USA.
  • 32. TAPPI T494 (2006). Tensile properties of paper and paperboard, Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry, Atlanta, USA.
  • 33. Wistara, N., Raymond, A. (1999). Properties and treatments of pulps from recycled paper, Part I. Physical and chemical properties of pulps, Cellulose, 6:291-324.
  • 34. Yeo, J., Lee, J., Hwang, S. (2017). Effects of lignin on the volume shrinkage and mechanical properties of a styrene/unsaturated polyester/lignin ternary composite system, Composites Part B: Engineering, 130(1): 167-173.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Timber, Pulp and Paper
Journal Section Biomaterial Engineering, Bio-based Materials, Wood Science
Authors

Mustafa Çiçekler 0000-0001-5793-2827

Halil Turgut Şahin 0000-0001-5633-6505

Publication Date August 15, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 22 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Çiçekler, M., & Şahin, H. T. (2020). A Study on Effects of Wetting-Drying on Bleached Kraft Paper Properties. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 436-446. https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.722679


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