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Buğday saplarından KOH yöntemiyle elde edilen kağıt hamurlarının parlaklık ve opaklık değerlerinin incelenmesi ve modellenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 25 Issue: 1, 1 - 8, 15.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1118386

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, buğday saplarından KOH yöntemiyle kâğıt hamuru elde edilmiş ve deneme kâğıtlarının L*, a* ve b* değerleri, opaklık ve parlaklık değerleri ölçülerek sıcaklık artışı ile meydana gelen değişim incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda pişirme süresi ve KOH oranı sabit tutularak, maksimum sıcaklık değerleri 110, 120 ve 130 ℃’lerde değiştirilmiş ve üç farklı hamur elde edilmiştir. Her üç pişirmede elde edilen hamurlardan elde edilen kâğıt gruplarında L* değeri 70’in üzerinde ölçülmüştür. Bu kâğıtların beyaza yakın olduğu anlamına gelmektedir. a*,b* değerleri + değerde olduğundan kâğıtlar kırmızı ve sarı renktedir. b* değerinin a* değerinden oldukça yüksek olması sarı rengin kırmızı renge göre daha baskın olduğunu göstermektedir. Dövme ile opaklık azalmıştır. Hamurların parlaklık değerleri aynı °SR indisinde 110 ℃’den 120 ℃ çıkarılması ile azalmış 130 ℃’ye çıkması ile tekrar artmıştır. Bununla birlikte çalışmada, opaklık ve parlaklık değerleri regresyon analizi ile modellenerek farklı °SR indisi ve sıcaklık değerlerindeki kâğıt hamuru parametreleri tahmin edilmiştir.

References

  • Acar, K. (2009). Fluoresans renkler içeren boyama reçetesi tahmin algoritmalarında başarının artırılmasına yönelik yeni bir yöntem (Doktora Tezi). Erişim adresi: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi
  • Bostancı, Ş. (1984). Kağıt endüstrisinde kullanılan önemli test yöntemleri, Karadeniz Üniversitesi Dergisi, 7(1):107-123.
  • Brües, S., May, L., Fuchs, D. (1999). Postscriptum on color management. GretagMacbeth.
  • Casey, J. P. (1960). Pulp and paper chemistry and chemical technology. Vol. 1, Second Edition. Wiley Interscience Publisher Inc., New York, 580 p.
  • Dalal, E. N. and Natale–Hoffman, K. M. (1999). The effect of gloss on color. Color Research & Application, 24(5), 369-376.
  • Deniz, İ., Kırcı, H., Ates, S. (2004). Optimisation of wheat straw Triticum drum kraft pulping. Industrial Crops and Products, 19 (3): 237–243.
  • Eroğlu, H. (1990). Kağıt hamuru ve kağıt fiziği. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, 2.Baskı, Yayın No:90, Trabzon. 623 s.
  • Gençer, A., Eroğlu, H., Karakurt, R. (2006). Utilization of black liqour from KOH-Air paper pulp production method as a fertilizer in Broad Beans (Vicia faba) Cultivation. Ecology, 15 (61): 56-60.
  • Gençer, A. ve Eroğlu, H. (2017). Manufacturing of pulp from wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.) by KOH-air method, Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 19 (2), 63-68. DOI:10.24011/barofd.322619
  • Gençer, A. and Şahin, M. (2015). Identifying the conditions required for the NaOH method for producing pulp and paper from sorghum grown in Turkey. BioResources, 10(2), 2850-2858.
  • ISO 5269-2 (2013). Pulps preparation of laboratory sheets for physical testing. Part 2: Rapid-Köthen method. International Organization for Standardization, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • ISO 5267-1 (2012). Pulps- Determination of Drainability Part I: Schopper Reigler Method. International Organization for Standardization, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Kacar, B. (1985). Bitki ve toprağın kimyasal analizleri III, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Eğitim Araştırma ve Geliştirme Yayınları No:3, ISBN 975-7717-04-5, Ankara.
  • Kırcı, H. (2000). Kagıt hamuru endüstrisi ders notları. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Yayın, No: 72, Trabzon.
  • Kurt, R. and İmren, E. (2021). Regional clusters, similarities, and changes in Turkey's wood production: A comparative analysis using K-Means and Ward's clustering methods. Wood Industry/Drvna Industrija, 72(4): 337-346. https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2021.2031
  • Lorusso, S., Natali, A. and Matteucci, C. (2007). Colorimetry applied to the field of cultural heritage: examples of study cases. Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage, 7, 187-220.
  • Luo, M. R. (Ed.). (2016). Encyclopedia of color science and technology. Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8071-7_100036
  • Novo, L. P., Gurgel, L. V. A., Marabezi, K. and da Silva Curvelo, A. A. (2011). Delignification of sugarcane bagasse using glycerol–water mixtures to produce pulps for saccharification. Bioresource technology, 102(21), 10040-10046.
  • Pallant, J. (2001). SPSS survival manual. Buckingham: Open University Press.
  • Raval, K., Shukla, R. and Shah, A.K. (2017). Color image segmentation using FCM clustering technique in RGB, L*a*b, HSV, YIQ color spaces. European J. Adv. Eng. Tech., 4(3), 194–200.
  • Shortall, A. C. (2005). How light source and product shade influence cure depth for a contemporary composite. Journal of oral rehabilitation, 32(12), 906-911.
  • Sönmez, S. ve Arslan, S. (2021). Investigation of the effects on ink colour of lacquer coating applied to the printed substrate in the electrophotographic printing system. Polish Journal of Chemical Technology, 23(2), 35-40.
  • Subhedar, P. B. and Gogate, P. R. (2014). Alkaline and ultrasound assisted alkaline pretreatment for intensification of delignification process from sustainable raw-material. Ultrasonics sonochemistry, 21(1), 216-225
  • Sun, R. C., Lawther, J.M. and Banks, W.B. (1997). Physico-chemical characterization of organosolve lignins from wheat straw. Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 31: 199-212.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Vol 5. MA: Pearson, Boston.
  • TAPPI T275 sp-02 (2002). Screening of pulp (Somerville-type equipment). TAPPI Standarts, 15 Technology Parkway South, Suite 115, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092.
  • TAPPI T200 sp-01 (2001). Laboratory beating of pulp (Valley beater method). TAPPI Standarts, 15 Technology Parkway South, Suite 115, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092.
  • TAPPI T412 om–02 (2002). Moisture in pulp, paper and paperboard. TAPPI Standarts, 15 Technology Parkway South, Suite 115, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092.
  • TAPPI T519 om–02 (2002). Diffuse Opacity of Paper (d/0 paper backing). TAPPI Standarts, Technology Parkway South, Suite 115, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092.
  • TAPPI T525 om–02 (2002). Diffuse Brightness of Pulp (d/0). TAPPI Standarts, 15 Technology Parkway South, Suite 115, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092.
  • Wagberg, L., Zhao, X. P., Fineman, I. and Li, F.N. (1990). Effecets of retention aids on retention and dewatering of wheat straw pulp. TAPPI Vol:73, No:4177-182 pp.
  • Yılmaz, U., Tutus, A. and Sönmez, S. (2022). Effects of using recycled paper in inkjet printing system on colour difference. Pigment & Resin Technology, 51(3), 336-343.

Investigation and modeling of gloss and opacity values of pulp obtained from wheat straw by the KOH method

Year 2023, Volume: 25 Issue: 1, 1 - 8, 15.04.2023
https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1118386

Abstract

In this study, the pulp was obtained from wheat straw by the KOH method, and the change with temperature increase was investigated by measuring the L*, a*, and b* values, opacity, and gloss values of the test papers. In this context, three different pulps were obtained by keeping the cooking time and KOH ratio constant, and the maximum temperature values were changed at 110, 120, and 130 °C. The L* value was measured above 70 in all three paper groups obtained from the pulp. This means that the papers are close to white. Since a*,b* values are +, the papers are red and yellow. The fact that the b* value is considerably higher than a* value indicates that yellow is more dominant than red. Opacity decreased with the beating. The gloss values of the pulps decreased by subtracting 120℃ from 110℃ at the same °SR index and increased again when it was increased to 130℃. In addition, opacity and gloss values were modelled with regression analysis, and pulp parameters at different °SR index and temperature values were estimated.

References

  • Acar, K. (2009). Fluoresans renkler içeren boyama reçetesi tahmin algoritmalarında başarının artırılmasına yönelik yeni bir yöntem (Doktora Tezi). Erişim adresi: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi
  • Bostancı, Ş. (1984). Kağıt endüstrisinde kullanılan önemli test yöntemleri, Karadeniz Üniversitesi Dergisi, 7(1):107-123.
  • Brües, S., May, L., Fuchs, D. (1999). Postscriptum on color management. GretagMacbeth.
  • Casey, J. P. (1960). Pulp and paper chemistry and chemical technology. Vol. 1, Second Edition. Wiley Interscience Publisher Inc., New York, 580 p.
  • Dalal, E. N. and Natale–Hoffman, K. M. (1999). The effect of gloss on color. Color Research & Application, 24(5), 369-376.
  • Deniz, İ., Kırcı, H., Ates, S. (2004). Optimisation of wheat straw Triticum drum kraft pulping. Industrial Crops and Products, 19 (3): 237–243.
  • Eroğlu, H. (1990). Kağıt hamuru ve kağıt fiziği. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, 2.Baskı, Yayın No:90, Trabzon. 623 s.
  • Gençer, A., Eroğlu, H., Karakurt, R. (2006). Utilization of black liqour from KOH-Air paper pulp production method as a fertilizer in Broad Beans (Vicia faba) Cultivation. Ecology, 15 (61): 56-60.
  • Gençer, A. ve Eroğlu, H. (2017). Manufacturing of pulp from wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.) by KOH-air method, Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 19 (2), 63-68. DOI:10.24011/barofd.322619
  • Gençer, A. and Şahin, M. (2015). Identifying the conditions required for the NaOH method for producing pulp and paper from sorghum grown in Turkey. BioResources, 10(2), 2850-2858.
  • ISO 5269-2 (2013). Pulps preparation of laboratory sheets for physical testing. Part 2: Rapid-Köthen method. International Organization for Standardization, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • ISO 5267-1 (2012). Pulps- Determination of Drainability Part I: Schopper Reigler Method. International Organization for Standardization, 1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Kacar, B. (1985). Bitki ve toprağın kimyasal analizleri III, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Eğitim Araştırma ve Geliştirme Yayınları No:3, ISBN 975-7717-04-5, Ankara.
  • Kırcı, H. (2000). Kagıt hamuru endüstrisi ders notları. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Yayın, No: 72, Trabzon.
  • Kurt, R. and İmren, E. (2021). Regional clusters, similarities, and changes in Turkey's wood production: A comparative analysis using K-Means and Ward's clustering methods. Wood Industry/Drvna Industrija, 72(4): 337-346. https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2021.2031
  • Lorusso, S., Natali, A. and Matteucci, C. (2007). Colorimetry applied to the field of cultural heritage: examples of study cases. Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage, 7, 187-220.
  • Luo, M. R. (Ed.). (2016). Encyclopedia of color science and technology. Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8071-7_100036
  • Novo, L. P., Gurgel, L. V. A., Marabezi, K. and da Silva Curvelo, A. A. (2011). Delignification of sugarcane bagasse using glycerol–water mixtures to produce pulps for saccharification. Bioresource technology, 102(21), 10040-10046.
  • Pallant, J. (2001). SPSS survival manual. Buckingham: Open University Press.
  • Raval, K., Shukla, R. and Shah, A.K. (2017). Color image segmentation using FCM clustering technique in RGB, L*a*b, HSV, YIQ color spaces. European J. Adv. Eng. Tech., 4(3), 194–200.
  • Shortall, A. C. (2005). How light source and product shade influence cure depth for a contemporary composite. Journal of oral rehabilitation, 32(12), 906-911.
  • Sönmez, S. ve Arslan, S. (2021). Investigation of the effects on ink colour of lacquer coating applied to the printed substrate in the electrophotographic printing system. Polish Journal of Chemical Technology, 23(2), 35-40.
  • Subhedar, P. B. and Gogate, P. R. (2014). Alkaline and ultrasound assisted alkaline pretreatment for intensification of delignification process from sustainable raw-material. Ultrasonics sonochemistry, 21(1), 216-225
  • Sun, R. C., Lawther, J.M. and Banks, W.B. (1997). Physico-chemical characterization of organosolve lignins from wheat straw. Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 31: 199-212.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Vol 5. MA: Pearson, Boston.
  • TAPPI T275 sp-02 (2002). Screening of pulp (Somerville-type equipment). TAPPI Standarts, 15 Technology Parkway South, Suite 115, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092.
  • TAPPI T200 sp-01 (2001). Laboratory beating of pulp (Valley beater method). TAPPI Standarts, 15 Technology Parkway South, Suite 115, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092.
  • TAPPI T412 om–02 (2002). Moisture in pulp, paper and paperboard. TAPPI Standarts, 15 Technology Parkway South, Suite 115, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092.
  • TAPPI T519 om–02 (2002). Diffuse Opacity of Paper (d/0 paper backing). TAPPI Standarts, Technology Parkway South, Suite 115, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092.
  • TAPPI T525 om–02 (2002). Diffuse Brightness of Pulp (d/0). TAPPI Standarts, 15 Technology Parkway South, Suite 115, Peachtree Corners, GA 30092.
  • Wagberg, L., Zhao, X. P., Fineman, I. and Li, F.N. (1990). Effecets of retention aids on retention and dewatering of wheat straw pulp. TAPPI Vol:73, No:4177-182 pp.
  • Yılmaz, U., Tutus, A. and Sönmez, S. (2022). Effects of using recycled paper in inkjet printing system on colour difference. Pigment & Resin Technology, 51(3), 336-343.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Timber, Pulp and Paper
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ayhan Gençer 0000-0002-0758-5131

Rıfat Kurt 0000-0002-7136-7665

Publication Date April 15, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 25 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gençer, A., & Kurt, R. (2023). Buğday saplarından KOH yöntemiyle elde edilen kağıt hamurlarının parlaklık ve opaklık değerlerinin incelenmesi ve modellenmesi. Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.24011/barofd.1118386


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