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DİRENÇLİ ŞEHİRLER İÇİN DEPREME DAYANIKLI YAPI TASARIMINDA SİSMİK İZOLASYON

Year 2023, Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 96 - 127, 31.07.2023

Abstract

Ülkemizde, 6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde Kahramanmaraş’ta yaşanan son Mw=7.8 Pazarcık ve Mw=7.5 Elbistan Depremleri sonrasında toplumun yaşadığı sıkıntılar, doğal afetler karşısında hızla toparlanarak günlük yaşantıya devam edebilecek dirençli şehirler oluşturmanın önemi bir kez daha acı bir şekilde ortaya koymuştur. Bu tür büyük depremler sonrasında yapıların ayakta kalabilmesi can güvenliği açısından şart olmakla birlikte, dirençli bir şehir için bunun yeterli olmadığı, kamu binalarının ve hatta endüstriyel tesislerin işlevlerine kesintisiz bir şekilde devam etmesi gerektiği, konutlardaki hasarın da sınırlı ve onarılabilir seviyede kalması gerektiği açıkça görülmüştür. Yapılarda bu deprem performansını sismik izolasyon teknolojisi ile sağlamak mümkündür. Yapının uzayan periyodu sayesinde kat ivmelerinin ve etkin deprem kuvvetlerinin azaltıldığı, deprem enerjisinin bir kısmının da izolasyon seviyesinde sönümlendiği sismik izolasyon sistemleri hem içindekileri hem de yapının kendisini depremin zararlı etkilerinden koruyabilmektedir. 50.000’den fazla kişinin hayatını kaybettiği ve 300.000’den fazla binanın hemen kullanılamaz hale geldiği 6 Şubat 2023 depremlerinden etkilenen bölgede bulunan sismik izolasyonlu hastane yapılarının depremi hiç hasar almadan atlatmış olması bunun en çarpıcı örneği olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, sismik izolasyonunun tanımı yapılarak sismik izolasyon uygulamaları anlatılmış, sismik izolasyonlu bina tasarımına ilişkin ana adımlar ortaya konarak örnek bir sismik izolasyonlu bina modellenmesine ve tasarımına yer verilmiş ve oluşturulan model kullanılarak yakın-fay ve düşey deprem etkileri tartışılmıştır.

References

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  • Castellano, M.G., Cosenza, E., Di Sarno, L., Guerriero, L., Lupoi, G. ve Infanti, S. (2007). “Seismic isolation of hospitals: The examples of Udine, Lisbon and Naples hospitals”. Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Seismic Isolation, Energy Dissipation and Active Vibration Control of Structures, 27-30 Mayıs, Istanbul, Turkiye.
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  • Furinghetti, M. (2022). “Definition and Validation of Fast Design Procedures for Seismic Isolation Systems”. Vibration, 5:290-305.
  • Hacıemiroğlu, M., Tahaoğlu A.Ç, Artun, K., Uğurlu, E., ALHAN, C. (2021a). “Ortak Bir Sismik İzolasyon Döşemesi Üzerindeki Bir Grup Silo Yapısının Deprem Yalıtımlı ve Viskoz Sönümleyicili Tasarımı”. 6. Uluslararası Deprem Mühendisliği ve Sismoloji Konferansı, 13-15 Ekim, Gebze Teknik Üniversitesi, Kocaeli, Türkiye.
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  • Jampole, E., Swensen, S., Miranda, E. ve Deierlein, G.G. (2020). “Parametric Study of Seismic Isolation Properties for Light-Frame Houses”. Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 146(10):04020207.
  • Kanbir, Z., Alhan, C. ve Özdemir, G. (2020). “Influence of Superstructure Modeling Approach on the Response Prediction of uildings with LRBs Considering Heating Effects”. Structures, 28: 1756-1773.
  • Komodromos, P. (2000). “Seismic Isolation for Earthquake-Resistant Structures”. USA: WITPress, ISBN: 1-85312-803-1.
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  • Li, Y-Y. (2007). “Statistical Study on Damping Modification Factors Adopted in Taiwan’s Seismic Isolation Design Code by Using the 21 September 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake. Taiwan”. Engineering Structures, 29:682–693.
  • Losanno, D., Hadad, H.A. ve Serino, G. (2019). “Design Charts for Eurocode-based Design of Elastomeric Seismic Isolation Systems”. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 119:488–498
  • Lu, J.E. (2014). “Effects of Soil–structure Interaction on Seismic Base Isolation”. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 66:167–177.
  • Martelli, A., Clemente, P., De Stefano, A., Forni, M. ve Salvatori, A. (2014). “Recent Development and Application of Seismic Isolation and Energy Dissipation and Conditions for Their Correct Use”. Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering. Perspectives on European Earthquake Engineering and Seismology. Ed. Atilla Ansal. Volume 1: 449-488, Springer.
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  • Memarpour, M. M., Ghodrati Amiri, G., Razeghi, H. R., Akbarzadeh, M., and Tajik Davoudi, A. (2016). Characteristics of Horizontal and Vertical Near-Field Ground Motions and Invesigation of Their Effects on the Dynamic Response of Bridges. Journal of Rehabilitation in Civil Engineering 4(2):1-24.
  • Micozzi, F., Scozzese, F., Ragni, L. ve Dall’Asta, A. (2022). “Seismic reliability of base isolated systems: sensitivity to design choices”. Engineering Structures 256:114056.
  • Murota, N., Suzuki, S., Mori, T., Wakishima, K., Sadan, B., Tuzun, C., Sutcu, F., Erdik, M. (2021). “Performance of High-damping Rubber Bearings for Seismic Isolation of Residential Buildings in Turkey”. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 143:106620.
  • Naeim, F. Ve Kelly, J.M. (1999). “Design of Seismic Isolated Structures From Theory to Practice”. USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., ISBN: 0-471-14921-7.
  • Öncü-Davas, S., Temür, R. ve Alhan, C. (2022). “Comparison of Meta-Heuristic Approaches for the Optimization of Non-Linear Base-Isolation Systems Considering the Influence of Superstructure Flexibility”. Engineering Structures, 263:114347.
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SEISMIC ISOLATION IN EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT STRUCTURAL DESIGN FOR RESILIENT CITIES

Year 2023, Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 96 - 127, 31.07.2023

Abstract

The problems experienced by the society after the latest Mw=7.8 Pazarcık and Mw=7.5 Elbistan Earthquakes, which last happened in Kahramanmaraş on February 6, 2023 in our country painfully demonstrated the importance of creating resilient cities that can continue daily life by recovering rapidly in the face of natural disasters. Although the survival of buildings after such major earthquakes is essential in terms of life safety, it has been clearly seen that this is not enough for a resilient city, that public buildings and even industrial facilities must continue their functions uninterruptedly, and that the damage to the residences must remain limited and or repairable. It is possible to provide this earthquake performance in buildings with seismic isolation technology. Seismic isolation systems, in which floor accelerations and effective earthquake forces are reduced thanks to the extended period of the building, and some of the earthquake energy is damped at the isolation level, can protect both the contents and the building itself from the harmful effects of the earthquake. The most striking example of this is that the seismically isolated hospital buildings in the region affected by the 6 February 2023 earthquakes, in which more than 50,000 people lost their lives and immediate occupancy became impossible for more than 300,000 buildings, survived the earthquake without any damage. In this study, the definition of seismic isolation is made, seismic isolation applications are explained, the modeling a sample seismically isolated building and its behavior under near-fault and vertical earthquake effects are discussed.

References

  • Alhan, C. ve Gavin, H. (2004). “A Parametric Study of Linear and Non-linear Passively Damped Seismic Isolation Systems for Buildings”. Engineering Structures, 26:485–497.
  • Alhan, C. ve Gavin, H. (2004). “Reliability of Base Isolation for the Protection of Critical Equipment from Earthquake Hazards”. Engineering Structures, 27:1435–1449.
  • Alhan, C. ve Şahin, F. (2011). “Protecting Vibration-sensitive Contents: An Investigation of Floor Accelerations in Seismically Isolated Buildings”. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 9:1203–1226.
  • Alhan, C. ve Öncü-Davas, S. (2016). Performance limits of seismically isolated buildings under near-field earthquakes. Engineering Structures116:83–94.
  • Arup, “Başakşehir Pine and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Bringing to Life the Largest Base-Isolated Building in the World”, Erişim tarihi: 24.04.2023, https://www. arup.com/projects/basaksehir-city-hospital
  • Aydın, E. Ö. (2022). “Dirençli Yerleşim-Yapılaşma İlişkisi ve Sürdürülebilirlik”. Çevre, Şehir ve İklim Dergisi, 2, 1-18.
  • Blakeley, R.W.G., Charleson, A.W., Hitchcock, H.C., Megget, L.M., Priestley, M.J.N., Sharpe, R.D., Skinner, R.I. (1979). “Recommendations for the Design and Construction of Base Isolated Structures”. Bulletin of New Zealand National Society of Earthquake Engineering, 12 (2): 136–157.
  • Bray, J. D., and Rodriguez-Marek, A. (2004). Characterization of Forward-directivity Ground Motions in the Near-fault Region. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 24(11): 815–828.
  • Buckle, I.G., Mayes, R.L. (1990). “Seismic Isolation: History, Application, and Performance – A World View”. Earthquake Spectra, 6 (2):161–201.
  • Castellano, M.G., Cosenza, E., Di Sarno, L., Guerriero, L., Lupoi, G. ve Infanti, S. (2007). “Seismic isolation of hospitals: The examples of Udine, Lisbon and Naples hospitals”. Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Seismic Isolation, Energy Dissipation and Active Vibration Control of Structures, 27-30 Mayıs, Istanbul, Turkiye.
  • Chen, F.Y., Jiang, H. ve Lou, K. (2008). “Smart Structures Innovative Systems for Seismic Response Control”. USA: CRC Press, ISBN: 978-0-8493-8532-2.
  • Colombo, J.I. ve Almazan, J.L. (2017). “Seismic Reliability of Legged Wine Storage Tanks Retrofitted by Means of a Seismic Isolation Device”. Engineering Structures, 134:303–316.
  • Dolce, M. (2001). “Remarkable Design Examples Concerning Recent Application of Innovative Anti-seismic Techniques to Bridges and Viaducts in Europe”. 7th Intl. Seminar on Seismic Isolation, Passive Energy Dissipation and Active control of Vibrations of Structures, 2- Ekim, Assisi, İtalya.
  • Eidinger, J.M., Kelly, J.M. (1978). “Experimental results of an earthquake isolation system using natural rubber bearings”. UCB/EERC-78/03, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley.
  • Elnashai, A. S. and Papazoglou, A. J. (1997). Procedure and Spectra for Analysis of RC Structures Subjected to Strong Vertical Earthquake Loads. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 1(1):121-155.
  • ENR, “The 10 Largest Base-Isolated Buildings in the World”. Erişim tarihi: 24.04.2023, https://www.enr.com/articles/42366-the-10-largest-base-isolated-buildings-in-the-world
  • Erdik M. (2017). “State of the art on Application, R&D and Design Rules for Seismic Isolation and Energy Dissipation for Buildings, Bridges and Viaducts, Cultural Heritage and Chemical Plants in Turkey. NSZEE Conference, Nisan, 27-29 April, New Zealand.
  • Erdik, M., Ülker, Ö., Sadan, B., Tüzün, C. (2018). “Seismic isolation code developments and significant applications in Turkey”. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 115: 413–437
  • Erdoğan, G., Simsar, S., Sakal, S.D., Kor, Ö., Kardoğan, G., Parıltı, C., Kaya, Y.D. ve Gündoğdu, B. (2022). “Dirençli Şehirler Tasarlamak: Uygulama Kılavuzu Arayışı İzmir-Torbalı Örneği”. Çevre, Şehir ve İklim Dergisi, 2,165-202.
  • Esin, T., Coşgun, N. ve Aydın, E.Ö. (2007). “Performance Evaluation of Architectural Education in Respect of Environmental Sensibility (In Turkey)”, Ed.: Koprivanac, N., Kusic, H., Environmental Management: Trends and Results, Zagrep, University of Zagreb Publications Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, 305-312.
  • Farajian, M., Saeed, N. ve Kang, W-H. (2022). “Seismic vulnerability assessment of base isolated liquid storage tanks under near-fault ground motions”. Structures, 43:1901–1912
  • Furinghetti, M. (2022). “Definition and Validation of Fast Design Procedures for Seismic Isolation Systems”. Vibration, 5:290-305.
  • Hacıemiroğlu, M., Tahaoğlu A.Ç, Artun, K., Uğurlu, E., ALHAN, C. (2021a). “Ortak Bir Sismik İzolasyon Döşemesi Üzerindeki Bir Grup Silo Yapısının Deprem Yalıtımlı ve Viskoz Sönümleyicili Tasarımı”. 6. Uluslararası Deprem Mühendisliği ve Sismoloji Konferansı, 13-15 Ekim, Gebze Teknik Üniversitesi, Kocaeli, Türkiye.
  • Hacıemiroğlu, M., Tahaoğlu A.Ç, Artun, K., Uğurlu, E., ALHAN, C. (2021b). “Bir Endüstri Yapısının ve Viskoz Sönümleyicili Tasarımı,”. 6. Uluslararası Deprem Mühendisliği ve Sismoloji Konferansı, 13-15 Ekim, Gebze Teknik Üniversitesi, Kocaeli, Türkiye.
  • Hall JF. (1998). Seismic Response of Steel Frame Buildings to Near-Source Ground Motions. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics. 27:1445–64.
  • Harvey Jr., S.P. ve Kelly K.C. (2016). “A review of rolling-type seismic isolation: Historical development and future directions”. Engineering Structures, 125:521–531.
  • Jampole, E., Swensen, S., Miranda, E. ve Deierlein, G.G. (2020). “Parametric Study of Seismic Isolation Properties for Light-Frame Houses”. Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 146(10):04020207.
  • Kanbir, Z., Alhan, C. ve Özdemir, G. (2020). “Influence of Superstructure Modeling Approach on the Response Prediction of uildings with LRBs Considering Heating Effects”. Structures, 28: 1756-1773.
  • Komodromos, P. (2000). “Seismic Isolation for Earthquake-Resistant Structures”. USA: WITPress, ISBN: 1-85312-803-1.
  • Kumar, M., Whittaker, A. ve Constantiou, M.C. (201). “Experimental Investigation of Cavitation in Elastomeric Seismic Isolation Bearings”. Engineering Structures, 101:290–305.
  • Li, Y-Y. (2007). “Statistical Study on Damping Modification Factors Adopted in Taiwan’s Seismic Isolation Design Code by Using the 21 September 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake. Taiwan”. Engineering Structures, 29:682–693.
  • Losanno, D., Hadad, H.A. ve Serino, G. (2019). “Design Charts for Eurocode-based Design of Elastomeric Seismic Isolation Systems”. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 119:488–498
  • Lu, J.E. (2014). “Effects of Soil–structure Interaction on Seismic Base Isolation”. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 66:167–177.
  • Martelli, A., Clemente, P., De Stefano, A., Forni, M. ve Salvatori, A. (2014). “Recent Development and Application of Seismic Isolation and Energy Dissipation and Conditions for Their Correct Use”. Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering. Perspectives on European Earthquake Engineering and Seismology. Ed. Atilla Ansal. Volume 1: 449-488, Springer.
  • Mayes, R.L. ve Naeim, F. (2001). “Design of Structures with Seismic Isolation”. The Seismic Design Handbook (Ed. Naeim, F.). USA: Springer New York. 723-755. ISBN: 978-0-1923-7301-8.
  • Memarpour, M. M., Ghodrati Amiri, G., Razeghi, H. R., Akbarzadeh, M., and Tajik Davoudi, A. (2016). Characteristics of Horizontal and Vertical Near-Field Ground Motions and Invesigation of Their Effects on the Dynamic Response of Bridges. Journal of Rehabilitation in Civil Engineering 4(2):1-24.
  • Micozzi, F., Scozzese, F., Ragni, L. ve Dall’Asta, A. (2022). “Seismic reliability of base isolated systems: sensitivity to design choices”. Engineering Structures 256:114056.
  • Murota, N., Suzuki, S., Mori, T., Wakishima, K., Sadan, B., Tuzun, C., Sutcu, F., Erdik, M. (2021). “Performance of High-damping Rubber Bearings for Seismic Isolation of Residential Buildings in Turkey”. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 143:106620.
  • Naeim, F. Ve Kelly, J.M. (1999). “Design of Seismic Isolated Structures From Theory to Practice”. USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., ISBN: 0-471-14921-7.
  • Öncü-Davas, S., Temür, R. ve Alhan, C. (2022). “Comparison of Meta-Heuristic Approaches for the Optimization of Non-Linear Base-Isolation Systems Considering the Influence of Superstructure Flexibility”. Engineering Structures, 263:114347.
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There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Environmental Management (Other)
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Cenk Alhan 0000-0002-6649-8409

Mert Hacıemiroğlu 0000-0003-0767-9469

Publication Date July 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 2 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Alhan, C., & Hacıemiroğlu, M. (2023). DİRENÇLİ ŞEHİRLER İÇİN DEPREME DAYANIKLI YAPI TASARIMINDA SİSMİK İZOLASYON. Çevre Şehir Ve İklim Dergisi, 2(4), 96-127.