The Investigation on Antioxidant Activities of Nasturtium Officinale Extracts and Its Mineral Content

Leyla Ercan; Mehmet Doğru

Research Article

The Investigation on Antioxidant Activities of Nasturtium Officinale Extracts and Its Mineral Content

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 197 - 208, 30.12.2021

Leyla Ercan Mehmet Doğru

Abstract

Antioxidants prevent many diseases by eliminating the harmful effects of free radicals. In this study, it was aimed to determine the antioxidant capacity of Nasturtium officinale extracts prepared by different methods, as well as to determine the Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, K minerals. Antioxidant activities of methanol and water extracts of Nasturtium officinale were determined by different in vitro methods such as DPPH, ABTS, DMPD, CUPRAC, FRAP, and Fe³⁺ Fe²⁺ reduction assays. The results were compared with the standard antioxidants (BHA, BHT, and Trolox). Both water and methanol extracts presented high antioxidant potential on ABTS free radical scavenging assay. While water extract showed better antioxidant properties in the DMPD experiment, methanol extract showed higher antioxidant properties than water extract in other methods. In addition to the chlorophyll, carotenoid, total phenolic, and total flavonoid analyzes of Nasturtium officinale, beneficial minerals of the plant were also revealed in ICP-MS. We determined that Nasturtium officinale is an important herb with a good source of minerals.

Keywords

Antioxidant, Minerals, Nasturtium officinale, DPPH, ABTS

Supporting Institution

Dicle University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit. (Dicle Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi.)

Project Number

ZGEF.20.001

Thanks

We would like to thank Dicle University Science and Technology Application and Research Center (DUBTAM) for the analyzes.

References

D. J. Barker, “Pacific Northwest Aquatic Invasive Species Profile: Nasturtium officinale (Watercress),” FSH, pp. 423, 2009.
O. E. Ifeanyi, “A Review on Free Radicals and Antioxidants,” International Journal of Current Research in Medical Sciences, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 123-133, 2018, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22192/ijcrms.2018.04.02.019.
A. Aras, M. Dogru, and E. Bursal, “Determination of antioxidant potential of Nepeta nuda subsp. lydiae,” Anal. Chem. Let, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 758-765, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/22297928.2016.1265467.
F. Karahan, I. I. Ozyigit, I. A. Saracoglu, I. E. Yalcin, A. H. Ozyigit, and A. Ilcim, “Heavy metal levels and mineral nutrient status in different parts of various medicinal plants collected from eastern mediterranean region of Turkey,” Biological Trace Element Research, vol. 197, pp. 316–329, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-019-01974-2.
A. Yiannikourides, and G. O. Latunde-Dada, “A short review of iron metabolism and pathophysiology of iron disorders,” London SE1 1UL, UK Medicines, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 85, 2019, DOI: 10.3390/medicines6030085.
W. Bao, Y. Rong, S. Rong, and L. Liu, “Dietary iron intake, body iron stores, and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” BMC Med, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 119, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-10-119.
S. Waldvogel-Abramowski, G. Waeber, C. Gassner, A. Buser, B. M. Frey, B. Favrat, and J. D. Tissot, “Physiology of iron metabolism transfus med hemother,” Transfus Med Hemother, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 213–221 2014, https://doi.org/10.1159/000362888.
L. Garfinkel, and D. Garfinkel, “Magnesium regulation of the glycolytic pathway and the enzymes involved,” Magnesium, vol. 4, no. 2-3, pp. 60–72, 1985.
I. Dorup, and T. Clausen, “Correlation between magnesium and potassium contents in muscle: role of Na1-K1 pump.,” Am J Physiol, vol. 264, no. 2, pp. 457–463, 1993.
L. J. Appel, T. J. Moore, E. Obarzanek, W. M. Vollmer, L. P. Svetkey, F. M. Sacks, G. A. Bray, T. M. Vogt, J. A. Cutler, M. M. Windhauser, P. H. Lin, and N. Karanja, “A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure,” N Engl J Med, vol. 336, no. 16, pp. 1117–1124, 1997.
A. S. Prasad, “Discovery of human zinc deficiency: 50 years later,” J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol, vol. 26, no. 2-3, pp. 66-69, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2012.04.004.
H. Yanagisawa, “Clinical aspects of zinc deficiency,” The Journal of the Japan Medical Association, vol. 127, no. 2, pp. 261–268, 2002.
C. Camaschella, “Iron-deficiency anemia,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 372, no. 19, pp. 1832–1843, 2015, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1401038.
M. Szkup, A. Jurczak, A. Brodowska, A. Brodowska, I. Noceń, D. Chlubek, M. Laszczyńska, B. Karakiewicz, and E. Grochans, “Analysis of relations between the level of Mg, Zn, Ca, Cu, and Fe and depressiveness in postmenopausal women,” Biol. Trace Element Res, vol. 176, no. 1, pp. 56–63, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-016-0798-9.
E. Manolopoulou, T. Varzakas, and A. Petsalaki, “Chlorophyll Determination in Green Pepper Using Two Different Extraction Methods,” Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 52-60, 2016.
H. H. Jeong, and K. S. Kim, “Effects of Shadingon the Growth of Hedera rhombea Bean and Pachysandra terminalis Sieb. et Zucc.,” KOR. J. HORT. SCI. & TECH, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 29-32, 1999.
V. L. Singleton, and J. A. Rossi, “Colorimetry of Total Phenolics with Phosphomolybdic-Phosphotungstic Acid Reagents,” American Journal of Enology Viticulture, vol. 16, pp. 144-158, 1965.
M. Tomas, J. Beekwilder, R. D. Hall, C. D. Simon, O. Sagdic, and E. Capanoglu, “Effect of dietaryfiber (inulin) addition on phenolics andin vitro bioaccessibility of tomato sauce,” Food Research International, vol. 106, pp. 129-135, 2018.
V. Dewanto, X. Wu, K. K. Adom, and R. H. Liu, “Thermal processing enhances the nutritional value of tomatoes by increasing total antioxidant activity,” J. Agric. Food Chem, vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 3010-3014, 2002.
J. Zhishen, T. Mengcheng, and W. Jianming, “The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals,” Food Chem, vol. 64, no. 4, pp, 555-559, 1999.
M. S. Blois, “Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical,” Nature, vol. 181, pp. 1199-1200, 1958.
R. Re, N. Pellegrini, A. Proteggente, A. Pannala, M. Yang, and C. Rice-Evans, “Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay,” Free Radical Biology ve Medicine, vol. 26, no. 9-10, pp. 1231-1237, 1999.
E. Bursal, E. Köksal, İ. Gülçin, G. Bilsel, and A. C. Gören, “Antioxidant activity and polyphenol content of cherry stem (Cerasus avium L.) determined by LC–MS/MS,” Food Research International, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 66-74, 2013.
V. Fogliano, V. Verde, G. Randazzo, and A. Ritieni, “Method for measuring antioxidant activity and its application to monitoring the antioxidant capacity of wines,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 1035-1040, 1999.
R. Apak, K. Güçlü, B. Demirata, M. Ozyürek, S. E. Celik, B. Bektaşoğlu, K. I. Berker, and D. Ozyurt, “Comparative evaluation of varius total antioxidant capacity assays applied to phenolic compounds with the CUPRAC assay,” Molecules, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 1496-1547, 2007.
İ. Gülçin, “Antioxidant activity of food constituents: an overview,” Archives of Toxicology, vol. 86, no. 3, pp. 345-391, 2012.
M. Oyaizu, “Antioxidative activities of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine,” Japanise Journal of Nutrition, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 307-315, 1986.
CEM, Mars 6 Microwave acid digestion method note compendium, (2019). Date of Access: 01.10.2019. [Online]. https://cem.com/media/contenttype/media/literature/MetNote_ MARS6_Compendium_2.pdf.
T. R. Presidential Official Gazette, Turkish Food Codex regulation on nutrition and health declarations annex-8 daily reference intake values for vitamins and minerals, official gazette no. 29960, (2017). Date of Access: 26.01.2017. [Online]. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/01/20170126M1-5-1.pdf.

Nasturtium Officinale Ekstraktlarının Antioksidan Aktiviteleri ve Mineral İçeriğinin Araştırılması

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 197 - 208, 30.12.2021

Leyla Ercan Mehmet Doğru

Abstract

Antioksidanlar, serbest radikallerin zararlı etkilerini yok ederek birçok hastalığı önler. Bu çalışmada, farklı yöntemlerle hazırlanan Nasturtium officinale ekstraktlarının antioksidan kapasitesinin belirlenmesinin yanı sıra Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, K mineralleri içeriğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nasturtium officinale'nin metanol ve su ekstraktlarının antioksidan aktiviteleri DPPH, ABTS, DMPD, CUPRAC, FRAP ve Fe³⁺ Fe²⁺ indirgeme deneyleri gibi farklı in vitro yöntemlerle belirlendi. Sonuçlar, standart antioksidanlar (BHA, BHT ve Trolox) ile karşılaştırıldı. Hem su hem de metanol ekstraktları, ABTS serbest radikal süpürme tahlilinde yüksek antioksidan potansiyel gösterdi. DMPD deneyinde su ekstraktı daha iyi antioksidan özellik gösterirken, metanol ekstraktı diğer yöntemlerde su ekstraktından daha yüksek antioksidan özellik göstermiştir. Ayrıca Nasturtium officinale’nin klorofil, karotenoid, toplam fenolik ve toplam flavonoid analizlerinin yanı sıra ICP-MS cihazında bitkinin faydalı mineralleri de ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Nasturtium officinale'nin iyi bir mineral kaynağı olan önemli bir bitki olduğunu tespit ettik.

Keywords

Antioksidan, Mineraller, Nasturtium officinale, DPPH, ABTS

Project Number

ZGEF.20.001

References

D. J. Barker, “Pacific Northwest Aquatic Invasive Species Profile: Nasturtium officinale (Watercress),” FSH, pp. 423, 2009.
O. E. Ifeanyi, “A Review on Free Radicals and Antioxidants,” International Journal of Current Research in Medical Sciences, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 123-133, 2018, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22192/ijcrms.2018.04.02.019.
A. Aras, M. Dogru, and E. Bursal, “Determination of antioxidant potential of Nepeta nuda subsp. lydiae,” Anal. Chem. Let, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 758-765, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/22297928.2016.1265467.
F. Karahan, I. I. Ozyigit, I. A. Saracoglu, I. E. Yalcin, A. H. Ozyigit, and A. Ilcim, “Heavy metal levels and mineral nutrient status in different parts of various medicinal plants collected from eastern mediterranean region of Turkey,” Biological Trace Element Research, vol. 197, pp. 316–329, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-019-01974-2.
A. Yiannikourides, and G. O. Latunde-Dada, “A short review of iron metabolism and pathophysiology of iron disorders,” London SE1 1UL, UK Medicines, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 85, 2019, DOI: 10.3390/medicines6030085.
W. Bao, Y. Rong, S. Rong, and L. Liu, “Dietary iron intake, body iron stores, and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” BMC Med, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 119, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-10-119.
S. Waldvogel-Abramowski, G. Waeber, C. Gassner, A. Buser, B. M. Frey, B. Favrat, and J. D. Tissot, “Physiology of iron metabolism transfus med hemother,” Transfus Med Hemother, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 213–221 2014, https://doi.org/10.1159/000362888.
L. Garfinkel, and D. Garfinkel, “Magnesium regulation of the glycolytic pathway and the enzymes involved,” Magnesium, vol. 4, no. 2-3, pp. 60–72, 1985.
I. Dorup, and T. Clausen, “Correlation between magnesium and potassium contents in muscle: role of Na1-K1 pump.,” Am J Physiol, vol. 264, no. 2, pp. 457–463, 1993.
L. J. Appel, T. J. Moore, E. Obarzanek, W. M. Vollmer, L. P. Svetkey, F. M. Sacks, G. A. Bray, T. M. Vogt, J. A. Cutler, M. M. Windhauser, P. H. Lin, and N. Karanja, “A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure,” N Engl J Med, vol. 336, no. 16, pp. 1117–1124, 1997.
A. S. Prasad, “Discovery of human zinc deficiency: 50 years later,” J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol, vol. 26, no. 2-3, pp. 66-69, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2012.04.004.
H. Yanagisawa, “Clinical aspects of zinc deficiency,” The Journal of the Japan Medical Association, vol. 127, no. 2, pp. 261–268, 2002.
C. Camaschella, “Iron-deficiency anemia,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 372, no. 19, pp. 1832–1843, 2015, DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1401038.
M. Szkup, A. Jurczak, A. Brodowska, A. Brodowska, I. Noceń, D. Chlubek, M. Laszczyńska, B. Karakiewicz, and E. Grochans, “Analysis of relations between the level of Mg, Zn, Ca, Cu, and Fe and depressiveness in postmenopausal women,” Biol. Trace Element Res, vol. 176, no. 1, pp. 56–63, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-016-0798-9.
E. Manolopoulou, T. Varzakas, and A. Petsalaki, “Chlorophyll Determination in Green Pepper Using Two Different Extraction Methods,” Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 52-60, 2016.
H. H. Jeong, and K. S. Kim, “Effects of Shadingon the Growth of Hedera rhombea Bean and Pachysandra terminalis Sieb. et Zucc.,” KOR. J. HORT. SCI. & TECH, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 29-32, 1999.
V. L. Singleton, and J. A. Rossi, “Colorimetry of Total Phenolics with Phosphomolybdic-Phosphotungstic Acid Reagents,” American Journal of Enology Viticulture, vol. 16, pp. 144-158, 1965.
M. Tomas, J. Beekwilder, R. D. Hall, C. D. Simon, O. Sagdic, and E. Capanoglu, “Effect of dietaryfiber (inulin) addition on phenolics andin vitro bioaccessibility of tomato sauce,” Food Research International, vol. 106, pp. 129-135, 2018.
V. Dewanto, X. Wu, K. K. Adom, and R. H. Liu, “Thermal processing enhances the nutritional value of tomatoes by increasing total antioxidant activity,” J. Agric. Food Chem, vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 3010-3014, 2002.
J. Zhishen, T. Mengcheng, and W. Jianming, “The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals,” Food Chem, vol. 64, no. 4, pp, 555-559, 1999.
M. S. Blois, “Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical,” Nature, vol. 181, pp. 1199-1200, 1958.
R. Re, N. Pellegrini, A. Proteggente, A. Pannala, M. Yang, and C. Rice-Evans, “Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay,” Free Radical Biology ve Medicine, vol. 26, no. 9-10, pp. 1231-1237, 1999.
E. Bursal, E. Köksal, İ. Gülçin, G. Bilsel, and A. C. Gören, “Antioxidant activity and polyphenol content of cherry stem (Cerasus avium L.) determined by LC–MS/MS,” Food Research International, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 66-74, 2013.
V. Fogliano, V. Verde, G. Randazzo, and A. Ritieni, “Method for measuring antioxidant activity and its application to monitoring the antioxidant capacity of wines,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 1035-1040, 1999.
R. Apak, K. Güçlü, B. Demirata, M. Ozyürek, S. E. Celik, B. Bektaşoğlu, K. I. Berker, and D. Ozyurt, “Comparative evaluation of varius total antioxidant capacity assays applied to phenolic compounds with the CUPRAC assay,” Molecules, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 1496-1547, 2007.
İ. Gülçin, “Antioxidant activity of food constituents: an overview,” Archives of Toxicology, vol. 86, no. 3, pp. 345-391, 2012.
M. Oyaizu, “Antioxidative activities of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine,” Japanise Journal of Nutrition, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 307-315, 1986.
CEM, Mars 6 Microwave acid digestion method note compendium, (2019). Date of Access: 01.10.2019. [Online]. https://cem.com/media/contenttype/media/literature/MetNote_ MARS6_Compendium_2.pdf.
T. R. Presidential Official Gazette, Turkish Food Codex regulation on nutrition and health declarations annex-8 daily reference intake values for vitamins and minerals, official gazette no. 29960, (2017). Date of Access: 26.01.2017. [Online]. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/01/20170126M1-5-1.pdf.

There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Chemical Engineering
Journal Section	Research Articles
Authors	Leyla Ercan 0000-0002-6570-8128 Mehmet Doğru 0000-0002-2287-2913
Project Number	ZGEF.20.001
Publication Date	December 30, 2021
Submission Date	October 4, 2021
Published in Issue	Year 2021 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

IEEE	L. Ercan and M. Doğru, “The Investigation on Antioxidant Activities of Nasturtium Officinale Extracts and Its Mineral Content”, DUFED, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 197–208, 2021.

Download Cover Image

Article Files

Full Text

DUFED is indexed/abstracted/enlisted in

DUFED is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

DUFED is a diamond open-access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access. In addition, authors are not charged article processing fees or publication fees - no fees whatsoever. Importantly, authors retain the copyright of their work and allow it to be shared and reused, provided that it is correctly cited.

https://doi.org/10.55007/dufed.xxxxxxx