Research Article
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İhracat Değer Zincirlerine Bağlanmanın Toplam Faktör Verimliliği Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2019, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 119 - 129, 01.01.2019

Abstract

Küresel değer zincirlerine ileriye doğru katılım
düzeyi başka ülkelerin ihracatında yerel katma
değer ile varlık gösterilmesi olarak ifade edilirken
geriye doğru katılım düzeyi ise başka ülkelerin
ilgili ülkenin ihracatında yerel katma değerleriyle
varlık göstermesi olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bu
noktadan hareketle, yaygın olarak kullanılan küresel
değer zincirlerine katılım endeksleri, küresel değer
zincirlerinin alt zincirleri sayılabilecek ihracat değer
zincirlerindeki yerel ve yabancı katma değerin
rekabetini ifade etmektedirler. Bu çalışmada, ampirik
analizlere dahil edilen küresel değer zincirlerine
katılım indekslerinin paydalarında brüt ihracata ek
olarak GSYH ve katma değer ihracatı da kullanılmıştır.
Bu farklı endekslerle ihracat değer zincirlerindeki
yerel ve yabancı katma değer rekabetinin toplam
faktör verimliliği üzerindeki etkileri dinamik panel
veri modeli kullanılarak 1995-2014 yılları için tahmin
edilmiştir. Veri setini ülke gruplarına göre ayırmadan
yaptığımız tahminde, ileriye doğru katılımın
toplam faktör verimliliği üzerindeki anlamlı pozitif
etkisini ve geriye doğru katılımın da anlamlı negatif
etkisini gösterdik. Veri setini gelir düzeyine göre
ayırdığımızda, gelişmiş ülkeler için hem geriye hem
de ileriye doğru katılımın pozitif etkisini tahmin ettik.
Özellikle vurgulanması gereken bir bulgu olarak da,
gelişmekte olan ülkelerin ihracat değer zincirlerine
gerek geriye gerekse ileriye doğru katılımlarının
verimlilik artışı üzerinde olumlu bir etkisini tahmin
etmedik. 

References

  • Baum, C. F. M. E. Schaffer and S. Stillman (2007). “Enhanced Routines for Instrumental Variables/ Generalized Method of Moments Estimation and Testing”, Stata Journal, 7(4), 465-506.
  • Baum, C. F., M. E. Schaffer and S. Stillman (2003). “Instrumental Variables and GMM:Estimation and Testing”, Stata Journal, 3, 1–31.
  • Center for Systemic Peace (2016) “Polity IV Project: Regime Authority Characteristics and Transitions Datasets”. http://www.systemicpeace.org/inscrdata. html (04.10.2016).
  • Feenstra, R. C., Inklaar, R ve Timmer, M.P. (2015) “The Next Generation of the Penn World Table” American Economic Review, 105(10): 3150-3182. http://www. rug.nl/ggdc/productivity/pwt/ (04.10.2016)
  • Foster-Mcgregor, N. ve Stehrer, R. (2013) “Value Added Content of Trade: A Comprehensive Approach” Economics Letters, 120(2): 354-357.
  • Gereffi, G. (1994) “The organization of buyer-driven global commodity chains: How U.S. retailers shape overseas production networks” Gereffi, G. ve Korzeniewicz, M. (eds.) Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism, Westport (Connecticut), Praeger.
  • Gereffi, G. ve Fernandez-Stark, K. (2016) “Global Value Chain Analysis: A Primer (Second Edition)” Center on Globalization, Governance & Competitiveness, Duke University. http://www.cggc.duke.edu/pdfs/ Duke_CGGC_Global_Value_Chain_GVC_Analysis_ Primer_2nd_Ed_2016.pdf (09.12.2016).
  • Hopkins, T.K. ve Wallerstein, I. (1986) “Commodity Chains in the World-Economy Prior to 1800” Review, 10(1): 157-70.
  • Johnson, R.C. ve Noguera, G. (2012a) “Proximity and Production Fragmentation” American Economic Review: Papers & Proceedings, 102(3): 407–411.
  • Johnson, R.C. ve Noguera, G. (2012b) “Accounting for Intermediates: Production Sharing and Trade in Value Added” Journal of International Economics, 86 (2): 224–236.
  • Johnson, R.C. ve Noguera, G. (2012c) “Fragmentation and Trade in Value Added over Four Decades” NBER Working Paper No: 18186.
  • Koopman, R., Powers, W., Wang, Z. ve Wei, S.J. (2010) “Give Credit Where Credit Is Due: Tracing Value Added in Global Production Chains” NBER Working Paper No: 16426.
  • Koopman, R., Wang, Zhi. ve Wei, S.J. (2012) “Estimating Domestic Content in Exports When Processing Trade is Pervasive” Journal of Development Economics, 99 (1): 178-189.
  • Koopman, R., Wang, Zhi. ve Wei, S.J. (2014) “Tracing Value- Added and Double Counting in Gross Exports” American Economic Review, 104(2): 459-494.
  • Kowalski, P., Gonzalez, J.L., Ragoussis, A. ve Ugarte, C. (2015), “Participation of Developing Countries in Global Value Chains: Implications for Trade and Trade-Related Policies” OECD Trade Policy Papers No: 179. (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5js33lfw0xxn- en)
  • Ma, H., Wang, Z. ve Zhu, K. (2015) “Domestic Content in China’s Exports and Its Distribution by Firm Ownership” Journal of Comparative Economics, 43(1): 3–18.
  • OECD (2015) “OECD Technical Workshop on Foreign Direct Investment and Global Value Chains”. http:// www.oecd.org/std/its/oecd-technical-worshopon- foreign-direct-investment-and-global-valuechains- 19-october-2015-paris.htm (15.11.2016).
  • OECD-WTO (2012) “Trade in Value Added: Concepts, Methodologies and Challenges (Joint OECD-WTO Note)”. http://www.oecd.org/sti/ind/49894138.pdf (10.11.2016).
  • OECD-WTO (2016) “OECD-WTO: Statistics on Trade in Value Added”. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data- 00648-en (14.11.2016).
  • Porter, M. E. (1985) Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, London, Collier Macmillan (2nd edn. (1998) New York and London, Free Press)
  • Stehrer, R., Foster-Mcgregor, N. ve de Vries, G. (2012) “Value Added and Factors in Trade: A Comprehensive Approach” wiiw Working Paper No: 80.
  • Trefler, D. ve Zhu, S.C. (2010) “The Structure of Factor Content Predictions” Journal of International Economics, 82(2): 195–207.
  • UNCTAD (2013), “World Investment Report: Global Value Chains: Investment and Trade for Development”, Switzerland, UN Publications
  • UNCTAD (2016) “United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Statistics Database”. http:// unctadstat.unctad.org (25.10.2016).
  • Wang, Z., Wei, S.J. ve Zhu, K. (2013) “Quantifying International Production Sharing at The Bilateral and Sector Levels” NBER Working Paper No: 19677.
  • World Bank (2016) “World Development Indicators (version date: 14 October, 2016)”. http://data.worldbank. org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators (13.11.2016).

Impacts of Participation in Export Value Chains on TFP Growth

Year 2019, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 119 - 129, 01.01.2019

Abstract

The level of forward participation in global value
chains is expressed as the presence of domestic value
added in the exports of other countries while the
level of backward participation in global value chains
is expressed as the presence of the foreign value
added came from other countries in the exports of
the domestic country. In this study, in addition to the
gross exports, GDP and exports of value added are
used as denominators in the participation indices in
the empirical analysis. Thus, the impacts of domestic
and foreign value added in the export value chains
on the total factor productivity growth are estimated
for the years between 1995 and 2014 by using the
dynamic panel data techniques. Our estimation
results from the full sample indicate that although
higher backward participation reduces TFP growth,
higher forward participation raises TFP growth for
the full sample. We also find the significant positive
results for backward and forward participation only
for developed countries. Thus, our results mainly
imply that developing countries do not able to
benefit from participating in export value chains
either backwardly or forwardly. 

References

  • Baum, C. F. M. E. Schaffer and S. Stillman (2007). “Enhanced Routines for Instrumental Variables/ Generalized Method of Moments Estimation and Testing”, Stata Journal, 7(4), 465-506.
  • Baum, C. F., M. E. Schaffer and S. Stillman (2003). “Instrumental Variables and GMM:Estimation and Testing”, Stata Journal, 3, 1–31.
  • Center for Systemic Peace (2016) “Polity IV Project: Regime Authority Characteristics and Transitions Datasets”. http://www.systemicpeace.org/inscrdata. html (04.10.2016).
  • Feenstra, R. C., Inklaar, R ve Timmer, M.P. (2015) “The Next Generation of the Penn World Table” American Economic Review, 105(10): 3150-3182. http://www. rug.nl/ggdc/productivity/pwt/ (04.10.2016)
  • Foster-Mcgregor, N. ve Stehrer, R. (2013) “Value Added Content of Trade: A Comprehensive Approach” Economics Letters, 120(2): 354-357.
  • Gereffi, G. (1994) “The organization of buyer-driven global commodity chains: How U.S. retailers shape overseas production networks” Gereffi, G. ve Korzeniewicz, M. (eds.) Commodity Chains and Global Capitalism, Westport (Connecticut), Praeger.
  • Gereffi, G. ve Fernandez-Stark, K. (2016) “Global Value Chain Analysis: A Primer (Second Edition)” Center on Globalization, Governance & Competitiveness, Duke University. http://www.cggc.duke.edu/pdfs/ Duke_CGGC_Global_Value_Chain_GVC_Analysis_ Primer_2nd_Ed_2016.pdf (09.12.2016).
  • Hopkins, T.K. ve Wallerstein, I. (1986) “Commodity Chains in the World-Economy Prior to 1800” Review, 10(1): 157-70.
  • Johnson, R.C. ve Noguera, G. (2012a) “Proximity and Production Fragmentation” American Economic Review: Papers & Proceedings, 102(3): 407–411.
  • Johnson, R.C. ve Noguera, G. (2012b) “Accounting for Intermediates: Production Sharing and Trade in Value Added” Journal of International Economics, 86 (2): 224–236.
  • Johnson, R.C. ve Noguera, G. (2012c) “Fragmentation and Trade in Value Added over Four Decades” NBER Working Paper No: 18186.
  • Koopman, R., Powers, W., Wang, Z. ve Wei, S.J. (2010) “Give Credit Where Credit Is Due: Tracing Value Added in Global Production Chains” NBER Working Paper No: 16426.
  • Koopman, R., Wang, Zhi. ve Wei, S.J. (2012) “Estimating Domestic Content in Exports When Processing Trade is Pervasive” Journal of Development Economics, 99 (1): 178-189.
  • Koopman, R., Wang, Zhi. ve Wei, S.J. (2014) “Tracing Value- Added and Double Counting in Gross Exports” American Economic Review, 104(2): 459-494.
  • Kowalski, P., Gonzalez, J.L., Ragoussis, A. ve Ugarte, C. (2015), “Participation of Developing Countries in Global Value Chains: Implications for Trade and Trade-Related Policies” OECD Trade Policy Papers No: 179. (DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5js33lfw0xxn- en)
  • Ma, H., Wang, Z. ve Zhu, K. (2015) “Domestic Content in China’s Exports and Its Distribution by Firm Ownership” Journal of Comparative Economics, 43(1): 3–18.
  • OECD (2015) “OECD Technical Workshop on Foreign Direct Investment and Global Value Chains”. http:// www.oecd.org/std/its/oecd-technical-worshopon- foreign-direct-investment-and-global-valuechains- 19-october-2015-paris.htm (15.11.2016).
  • OECD-WTO (2012) “Trade in Value Added: Concepts, Methodologies and Challenges (Joint OECD-WTO Note)”. http://www.oecd.org/sti/ind/49894138.pdf (10.11.2016).
  • OECD-WTO (2016) “OECD-WTO: Statistics on Trade in Value Added”. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data- 00648-en (14.11.2016).
  • Porter, M. E. (1985) Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, London, Collier Macmillan (2nd edn. (1998) New York and London, Free Press)
  • Stehrer, R., Foster-Mcgregor, N. ve de Vries, G. (2012) “Value Added and Factors in Trade: A Comprehensive Approach” wiiw Working Paper No: 80.
  • Trefler, D. ve Zhu, S.C. (2010) “The Structure of Factor Content Predictions” Journal of International Economics, 82(2): 195–207.
  • UNCTAD (2013), “World Investment Report: Global Value Chains: Investment and Trade for Development”, Switzerland, UN Publications
  • UNCTAD (2016) “United Nations Conference on Trade and Development Statistics Database”. http:// unctadstat.unctad.org (25.10.2016).
  • Wang, Z., Wei, S.J. ve Zhu, K. (2013) “Quantifying International Production Sharing at The Bilateral and Sector Levels” NBER Working Paper No: 19677.
  • World Bank (2016) “World Development Indicators (version date: 14 October, 2016)”. http://data.worldbank. org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators (13.11.2016).
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Halit Yanıkkaya 0000-0003-1542-0174

Abdullah Altun 0000-0003-4039-8458

Publication Date January 1, 2019
Acceptance Date September 3, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 19 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yanıkkaya, H., & Altun, A. (2019). Impacts of Participation in Export Value Chains on TFP Growth. Ege Academic Review, 19(1), 119-129.
AMA Yanıkkaya H, Altun A. Impacts of Participation in Export Value Chains on TFP Growth. ear. January 2019;19(1):119-129.
Chicago Yanıkkaya, Halit, and Abdullah Altun. “Impacts of Participation in Export Value Chains on TFP Growth”. Ege Academic Review 19, no. 1 (January 2019): 119-29.
EndNote Yanıkkaya H, Altun A (January 1, 2019) Impacts of Participation in Export Value Chains on TFP Growth. Ege Academic Review 19 1 119–129.
IEEE H. Yanıkkaya and A. Altun, “Impacts of Participation in Export Value Chains on TFP Growth”, ear, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 119–129, 2019.
ISNAD Yanıkkaya, Halit - Altun, Abdullah. “Impacts of Participation in Export Value Chains on TFP Growth”. Ege Academic Review 19/1 (January 2019), 119-129.
JAMA Yanıkkaya H, Altun A. Impacts of Participation in Export Value Chains on TFP Growth. ear. 2019;19:119–129.
MLA Yanıkkaya, Halit and Abdullah Altun. “Impacts of Participation in Export Value Chains on TFP Growth”. Ege Academic Review, vol. 19, no. 1, 2019, pp. 119-2.
Vancouver Yanıkkaya H, Altun A. Impacts of Participation in Export Value Chains on TFP Growth. ear. 2019;19(1):119-2.