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Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Porcelain Tile Using Ultrasonics

Year 2012, Volume: 25 Issue: 3, 761 - 768, 19.07.2012

Abstract

Ultrasound affords a very useful and versatile non-destructive method, using a large application area, for evaluating the microstructure and mechanical properties of materials. In this study, porcelain tiles were sintered at different temperatures to change their porosity. Following this, the time of flight of both longitudinal and shear waves was measured through the tile. The time of flight of ultrasonic waves was measured using a contact ultrasonic transducer operating on a pulse-echo mode. Using the time of flight of the ultrasonic wave and thickness of tiles, the velocity of the waves and dynamic Young’s modules were determined. To calculate the firing strength and the static Young’s modulus of the tiles a three point bending test analysis was used. The results were considered by comparing the change in velocity with the firing strength. Utilizing the dynamic Young’s modulus of porcelain tiles, their firing strength estimated nondestructively. Additionally, measurement of ultrasonic velocity utilized to predict strength and dynamic Young’s modulus of porcelain tiles. In addition, the two methods, used in measuring Young’s modules, were compared. It was determined that the dynamic Young’s modulus of porcelain tiles was greater than the static Young’s modulus of porcelain tiles.

 

 

    Key Words:  Ultrasonic, porcelain tile, mechanical properties, Young’s modulus.

 

References

  • Hellier, C.J., “Handbook of Nondestructive
  • Evaluation”, Mc Grow-Hill, New York, 1.1, (2001).
  • Raj, B., Jayakumar, T., Thavasimuthu, M., “Practical Non-Destructive Testing”, Alpha Science International Ltd, Oxford, 77, (2007).
  • Hayes, B., “Special report/R and D overview: advancing ceramic and glass technology”, Ceramic Industry, 157(8): 24-28, (2007).
  • Internet: Kim, J., Liaw, P.K., “The nondestructive evaluation of advanced ceramics and ceramic-matrix composites”, In the Journal of the Minerals, Metals and http://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/JOM/9811/Kim/K im-9811.html, (1998). Society Online,
  • Rice, R.W., “Porosity of Ceramics”, M. Dekker, New York, 23-410, (1998).
  • Medding, J.A., “Nondestructive Evaluation of Zirconium Phosphate Bonded Silicon Radomes”, Phd. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia, 43, (1996).
  • Kulkarni, N., Moudgil, B., Bhardwaj, M., “Ultrasonic Characterization of Green and Sintered Ceramics: I, Time Domain”, American Ceramic Society Bulletin, 73(7): 146-153, (1994).
  • Riley, F.L., “Structural Ceramics, Fundamentals and Case Studies”, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 37-41, (2009).
  • Andreola, F., Leonelli, C., Romagnoli, M., Miselli, P., “Techniques used to determine porosity”, American Ceramic Society Bulletin, 79(7): 49-52, (2000).
  • The Institution of Metallurgist, Ultrasonic Non- destructive Testing, The Chameleon Press, London, 10, (1983).
  • Encyclopedia of Applied to Effects, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, New York, 39, (1997). Testing Phase Topological
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  • Yaman, C., “Ultrasonik hız ölçme yöntemleriyle seramik 1. Uluslararası Tahribatsız Muayene Sempozyumu ve Sergisi Bildiriler Kitabı, Ankara, 381-386, (1999). özellik belirlenmesi”,
  • Blitz, J., Simpson, G., “Ultrasonic Methods of Non- destructive Testing”, Chapman&Hall, Cambridge, 227-229, (1996).
  • Cantavella, V., Llorens, D., Mezquita, A., Moltó, C., Bhardwaj, M.C., Vilanova, P., Ferrando, J., Maldonado-Zagal, S., “Use of ultrasound techniques to measure green tile bulk density and optimise the pressing process”, IX World Congress on Ceramic Tile Quality, Castellon, 161-174, (2006).
  • Pietroni, P., Revel, G.M., “Laser ultrasonics for quality control in the ceramic industry”, Xth World Congress on Ceramic Tile Quality, Castellón, 345- 358, (2008). [17] Revel, G.M., Tomasini, E.P., On-Line Ultrasonic Measurement on Green Ceramic Tiles, Dipartimento di Meccanica”, Universita degli Studi di Ancona, Via Brecce Bianche, I-60131, Ancona, Italy.
  • Revel, G.M., “Measurement of the apparent density of green ceramic tiles by a non-contact ultrasonic method”, Experimental Mechanics, 47(5): 637-648, (2007).
  • Werr, U., “Problems and potential solutions in the characterization of traditional ceramic green bodies”, Ceramic Forum International, 79(3): 29- 34, (2002).
  • Mfoumou, E., Hedberg, C., Kao-Walter, S., “Static versus low frequency dynamic elastic modulus measurement of thin films”, In Technical Acoustics Online, http://www.bth.se/fou/forskinfo.nsf/0/2464961585a6 3141c1257282005f18b8/$FILE/mfoumou1.pdf, (2006).
  • Gür, C.H., “Tahribatsız tekniklerin malzeme özelliklerinin Uluslararası Tahribatsız Muayene Sempozyumu ve Sergisi Bildiriler Kitabı, Ankara, 357-372, (1999).
  • Phani, K.K., “Estimation of elastic properties of porous ceramic using ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity only”, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 90(7): 2165- 2171, (2007).
  • Puchegger, S., Dose, F., Loidl, D., Kromp, K., Janssen, R., Brandhuber, D., Hüsing, N., Peterlik, H., “The dependence of the elastic moduli of reaction bonded alumina on porosity”, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 27(1): 35-39, (2007).
  • Maitra, A.K., Phani, K.K., “ Ultrasonic evaluation of elastic parameters of sintered powder compacts”, Journal of Materials Science, 29(17): 4415-4419, (1994).
  • Štubňa, I., Trník, A., “Young’s modulus of porcelain mixture after firing in the dehydroxylation region”, Ceramics–Silikáty, 51(2): 102-105, (2007).
  • Green, D.J., “Fracture toughness/Young’s modulus correlation for low-density fibrous silica bodies”, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 66(4): 288-292, (1983).
  • Callister, W.D., “Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction”, 7th ed., Wiley, New York, 451- 452, (2006).
Year 2012, Volume: 25 Issue: 3, 761 - 768, 19.07.2012

Abstract

References

  • Hellier, C.J., “Handbook of Nondestructive
  • Evaluation”, Mc Grow-Hill, New York, 1.1, (2001).
  • Raj, B., Jayakumar, T., Thavasimuthu, M., “Practical Non-Destructive Testing”, Alpha Science International Ltd, Oxford, 77, (2007).
  • Hayes, B., “Special report/R and D overview: advancing ceramic and glass technology”, Ceramic Industry, 157(8): 24-28, (2007).
  • Internet: Kim, J., Liaw, P.K., “The nondestructive evaluation of advanced ceramics and ceramic-matrix composites”, In the Journal of the Minerals, Metals and http://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/JOM/9811/Kim/K im-9811.html, (1998). Society Online,
  • Rice, R.W., “Porosity of Ceramics”, M. Dekker, New York, 23-410, (1998).
  • Medding, J.A., “Nondestructive Evaluation of Zirconium Phosphate Bonded Silicon Radomes”, Phd. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia, 43, (1996).
  • Kulkarni, N., Moudgil, B., Bhardwaj, M., “Ultrasonic Characterization of Green and Sintered Ceramics: I, Time Domain”, American Ceramic Society Bulletin, 73(7): 146-153, (1994).
  • Riley, F.L., “Structural Ceramics, Fundamentals and Case Studies”, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 37-41, (2009).
  • Andreola, F., Leonelli, C., Romagnoli, M., Miselli, P., “Techniques used to determine porosity”, American Ceramic Society Bulletin, 79(7): 49-52, (2000).
  • The Institution of Metallurgist, Ultrasonic Non- destructive Testing, The Chameleon Press, London, 10, (1983).
  • Encyclopedia of Applied to Effects, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, New York, 39, (1997). Testing Phase Topological
  • Sánchez, E., García-Ten, J., Sanz, V. and Moreno, A., “Porcelain tile: almost 30 years of steady scientific-technological International, 36(3): 831-45, (2010). evolution”, Ceramics
  • Yaman, C., “Ultrasonik hız ölçme yöntemleriyle seramik 1. Uluslararası Tahribatsız Muayene Sempozyumu ve Sergisi Bildiriler Kitabı, Ankara, 381-386, (1999). özellik belirlenmesi”,
  • Blitz, J., Simpson, G., “Ultrasonic Methods of Non- destructive Testing”, Chapman&Hall, Cambridge, 227-229, (1996).
  • Cantavella, V., Llorens, D., Mezquita, A., Moltó, C., Bhardwaj, M.C., Vilanova, P., Ferrando, J., Maldonado-Zagal, S., “Use of ultrasound techniques to measure green tile bulk density and optimise the pressing process”, IX World Congress on Ceramic Tile Quality, Castellon, 161-174, (2006).
  • Pietroni, P., Revel, G.M., “Laser ultrasonics for quality control in the ceramic industry”, Xth World Congress on Ceramic Tile Quality, Castellón, 345- 358, (2008). [17] Revel, G.M., Tomasini, E.P., On-Line Ultrasonic Measurement on Green Ceramic Tiles, Dipartimento di Meccanica”, Universita degli Studi di Ancona, Via Brecce Bianche, I-60131, Ancona, Italy.
  • Revel, G.M., “Measurement of the apparent density of green ceramic tiles by a non-contact ultrasonic method”, Experimental Mechanics, 47(5): 637-648, (2007).
  • Werr, U., “Problems and potential solutions in the characterization of traditional ceramic green bodies”, Ceramic Forum International, 79(3): 29- 34, (2002).
  • Mfoumou, E., Hedberg, C., Kao-Walter, S., “Static versus low frequency dynamic elastic modulus measurement of thin films”, In Technical Acoustics Online, http://www.bth.se/fou/forskinfo.nsf/0/2464961585a6 3141c1257282005f18b8/$FILE/mfoumou1.pdf, (2006).
  • Gür, C.H., “Tahribatsız tekniklerin malzeme özelliklerinin Uluslararası Tahribatsız Muayene Sempozyumu ve Sergisi Bildiriler Kitabı, Ankara, 357-372, (1999).
  • Phani, K.K., “Estimation of elastic properties of porous ceramic using ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity only”, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 90(7): 2165- 2171, (2007).
  • Puchegger, S., Dose, F., Loidl, D., Kromp, K., Janssen, R., Brandhuber, D., Hüsing, N., Peterlik, H., “The dependence of the elastic moduli of reaction bonded alumina on porosity”, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 27(1): 35-39, (2007).
  • Maitra, A.K., Phani, K.K., “ Ultrasonic evaluation of elastic parameters of sintered powder compacts”, Journal of Materials Science, 29(17): 4415-4419, (1994).
  • Štubňa, I., Trník, A., “Young’s modulus of porcelain mixture after firing in the dehydroxylation region”, Ceramics–Silikáty, 51(2): 102-105, (2007).
  • Green, D.J., “Fracture toughness/Young’s modulus correlation for low-density fibrous silica bodies”, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 66(4): 288-292, (1983).
  • Callister, W.D., “Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction”, 7th ed., Wiley, New York, 451- 452, (2006).
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Civil Engineering
Authors

Semra Kurama

Elif Eren This is me

Publication Date July 19, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 25 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kurama, S., & Eren, E. (2012). Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Porcelain Tile Using Ultrasonics. Gazi University Journal of Science, 25(3), 761-768.
AMA Kurama S, Eren E. Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Porcelain Tile Using Ultrasonics. Gazi University Journal of Science. July 2012;25(3):761-768.
Chicago Kurama, Semra, and Elif Eren. “Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Porcelain Tile Using Ultrasonics”. Gazi University Journal of Science 25, no. 3 (July 2012): 761-68.
EndNote Kurama S, Eren E (July 1, 2012) Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Porcelain Tile Using Ultrasonics. Gazi University Journal of Science 25 3 761–768.
IEEE S. Kurama and E. Eren, “Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Porcelain Tile Using Ultrasonics”, Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 761–768, 2012.
ISNAD Kurama, Semra - Eren, Elif. “Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Porcelain Tile Using Ultrasonics”. Gazi University Journal of Science 25/3 (July 2012), 761-768.
JAMA Kurama S, Eren E. Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Porcelain Tile Using Ultrasonics. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2012;25:761–768.
MLA Kurama, Semra and Elif Eren. “Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Porcelain Tile Using Ultrasonics”. Gazi University Journal of Science, vol. 25, no. 3, 2012, pp. 761-8.
Vancouver Kurama S, Eren E. Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Porcelain Tile Using Ultrasonics. Gazi University Journal of Science. 2012;25(3):761-8.