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Boron-Doped Thin Films Fabricated by the Spin Coating Method: The Effect of Doping Concentrations

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 57 - 67, 28.03.2024

Abdullah Atılgan Kenan Özel

https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1362103

Abstract

This work examined the impact of different levels of B-doping on the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of ZnO thin films. Boron-doped zinc oxide thin films were deposited on glass substrates using the spin-coating technique. The B concentrations employed were 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 at. %. The systematic characterizations manifest that the properties of the deposited films were heavily influenced by changing concentrations of B doping. It was found that as the concentration of B-doping increases, the values of grain size decrease. In addition, it was observed that ZnO thin films containing a lower concentration of B dopant exhibited higher transparency. Finally, it was figured out that the resistivity of the films declines dramatically with a higher content of B-doping. The results of our research may initiate further inquiries into the creation of superior thin films.

Keywords

Boron Doped ZnO B Doping Spin Coating Method Thin Film

Thanks

We are grateful to Professors Dr. Abdullah Yildiz and Prof. Dr. Mohamed Sbeta for their assistance during the experimental effort.

References

  • Atilgan, A., Ozel, K., Sbeta, M., & Yildiz, A. (2023). Engineering the visible light absorption of one-dimensional photonic crystals based on multilayers of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 166, 107747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2023.107747
  • Atilgan, A., Kurtulus, A. Y., Oktem, M. F., & Yildiz, A. (2021). W-doped ZnO transparent conducting nanostructures synthesized by hydrothermal method. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 32(14), 19126-19135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06432-1
  • Faisal, M., Bouzid, H., Harraz, F. A., Ismail, A. A., Al-Sayari, S. A., & Al-Assiri, M. S. (2015). Mesoporous Ag/ZnO multilayer films prepared by repeated spin-coating for enhancing its photonic efficiencies. Surface and Coatings Technology, 263, 44-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.12.063
  • Farrag, A. A. G., & Balboul, M. R. (2017). Nano ZnO thin films synthesis by sol–gel spin coating method as a transparent layer for solar cell applications. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 82, 269-279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-016-4277-8
  • Hacini, A., Ali, A. H., & Adnan, N. N. (2021). Optimization of ITO thin film properties as a function of deposition time using the swanepoel method. Optical Materials, 120, 111411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2021.111411
  • Hu, J., & Gordon, R. G. (1992). Deposition of boron doped zinc oxide films and their electrical and optical properties. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 139(7), 2014. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2221166
  • Jana, S., Vuk, A. S., Mallick, A., Orel, B., & Biswas, P. K. (2011). Effect of boron doping on optical properties of sol–gel based nanostructured zinc oxide films on glass. Materials Research Bulletin, 46(12), 2392-2397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2011.08.038
  • Kamaruddin, S. A., Chan, K. Y., Yow, H. K., Zainizan Sahdan, M., Saim, H., & Knipp, D. (2011). Zinc oxide films prepared by sol–gel spin coating technique. Applied Physics A, 104, 263-268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-010-6121-2
  • Kara, I., Atilgan, A., Serin, T., & Yildiz, A. (2017). Effects of Co and Cu dopants on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of ZnO nanocrystals. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 28, 6088-6092. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-6285-4
  • Kaur, G., Mitra, A., & Yadav, K. L. (2015). Pulsed laser deposited Al-doped ZnO thin films for optical applications. Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, 25(1), 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2015.01.012
  • Kayani, Z. N., Bashir, Z., Riaz, S., Naseem, S., & Saddiqe, Z. (2020). Transparent boron-doped zinc oxide films for antibacterial and magnetic applications. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 31, 11911-11926. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-03745-5
  • Kim, S., Park, H., Nam, G., Yoon, H., & Leem, J. Y. (2013). Improved optical and electrical properties of sol–gel-derived boron-doped zinc oxide thin films. Journal of sol-gel science and technology, 67, 580-591. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-013-3117-3
  • Kumar, V., Singh, R. G., Singh, F., & Purohit, L. P. (2012). Highly transparent and conducting boron doped zinc oxide films for window of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell applications. Journal of alloys and compounds, 544, 120-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.07.124
  • Lee, S. H., Kim, M., Jung, Y., Jung, J. H., Kim, S., Leem, J. Y., & Kim, H. (2013). Enhanced optical and electrical properties of boron-doped zinc-oxide thin films prepared by using the sol-gel dip-coating method. Journal of the Korean Physical Society, 63, 1804-1808. https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.63.1804
  • Lokhande, B. J., Patil, P. S., & Uplane, M. D. (2001). Studies on structural, optical and electrical properties of boron doped zinc oxide films prepared by spray pyrolysis technique. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 302, 59-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4526(01)00405-7
  • Majerič, P., & Rudolf, R. (2020). Advances in ultrasonic spray pyrolysis processing of noble metal nanoparticles. Materials, 13(16), 3485. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13163485
  • Nečas, D., & Klapetek, P. (2012). Gwyddion: an open-source software for SPM data analysis. Open Physics, 10(1), 181-188. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11534-011-0096-2
  • Ozel, K., & Atilgan, A. (2023a). Systematic Investigation on the Synergistic Impact of Gallium (Ga)-Boron (B) Co-Doping on the Features of ZnO Films. Gazi University Journal of Science Part A: Engineering and Innovation, 10(4), 442-451. https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1358177
  • Ozel, K., Atilgan, A., & Yildiz, A. (2023b). Multi-layered blocking layers for dye sensitized solar cells. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 115297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.115297
  • Ozel, K., & Yildiz, A. (2021). High-detectivity ultraviolet-B photodetector based on SnO2 thin film/Si 30 heterojunction. Semiconductor Science and Technology, 36(9), 095001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6641/ac1051
  • Pawar, B. N., Jadkar, S. R., & Takwale, M. G. (2005). Deposition and characterization of transparent and conductive sprayed ZnO: B thin films. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 66(10), 1779-1782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.08.086
  • Sbeta, M., Atilgan, A., Atli, A., & Yildiz, A. (2018). Influence of the spin acceleration time on the properties of ZnO: Ga thin films deposited by sol–gel method. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 86, 513-520. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-018-4652-8
  • Senol, S. D., Ozturk, O., & Terzioğlu, C. (2015). Effect of boron doping on the structural, optical and electrical properties of ZnO nanoparticles produced by the hydrothermal method. Ceramics International, 41(9), 11194-11201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.05.069
  • Smirnov, M., Baban, C., & Rusu, G. I. (2010). Structural and optical characteristics of spin-coated ZnO thin films. Applied Surface Science, 256(8), 2405-2408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.10.075
  • Steinhauser, J., Fay, S., Oliveira, N., Vallat-Sauvain, E., & Ballif, C. (2007). Transition between grain boundary and intragrain scattering transport mechanisms in boron-doped zinc oxide thin films. Applied Physics Letters, 90(14). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2719158
  • Sun, Y. T. A., Pan, P. C., Koo, H. S., & Lin, N. Y. (2020). Growth of low resistivity and high transparency boron-doped zinc oxide film by pulse laser deposition. Precision Engineering, 66, 605-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2020.08.001
  • Tahar, R. B. H., & Tahar, N. B. H. (2005). Boron-doped zinc oxide thin films prepared by sol-gel technique. Journal of materials science, 40, 5285-5289. doi:10.1007/s10853-005-0522-1
  • Tan, S. T., Chen, B. J., Sun, X. W., Fan, W. J., Kwok, H. S., Zhang, X. H., & Chua, S. J. (2005). Blueshift of optical band gap in ZnO thin films grown by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition. Journal of Applied Physics, 98(1). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1940137
  • Zhussupbekova, A., Caffrey, D., Zhussupbekov, K., Smith, C. M., Shvets, I. V., & Fleischer, K. (2020). Low-cost, high-performance spray pyrolysis-grown amorphous zinc tin oxide: the challenge of a complex growth process. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 12(41), 46892-46899. 3. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c12148

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 57 - 67, 28.03.2024

Abdullah Atılgan Kenan Özel

https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1362103

Abstract

References

  • Atilgan, A., Ozel, K., Sbeta, M., & Yildiz, A. (2023). Engineering the visible light absorption of one-dimensional photonic crystals based on multilayers of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 166, 107747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2023.107747
  • Atilgan, A., Kurtulus, A. Y., Oktem, M. F., & Yildiz, A. (2021). W-doped ZnO transparent conducting nanostructures synthesized by hydrothermal method. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 32(14), 19126-19135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06432-1
  • Faisal, M., Bouzid, H., Harraz, F. A., Ismail, A. A., Al-Sayari, S. A., & Al-Assiri, M. S. (2015). Mesoporous Ag/ZnO multilayer films prepared by repeated spin-coating for enhancing its photonic efficiencies. Surface and Coatings Technology, 263, 44-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.12.063
  • Farrag, A. A. G., & Balboul, M. R. (2017). Nano ZnO thin films synthesis by sol–gel spin coating method as a transparent layer for solar cell applications. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 82, 269-279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-016-4277-8
  • Hacini, A., Ali, A. H., & Adnan, N. N. (2021). Optimization of ITO thin film properties as a function of deposition time using the swanepoel method. Optical Materials, 120, 111411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2021.111411
  • Hu, J., & Gordon, R. G. (1992). Deposition of boron doped zinc oxide films and their electrical and optical properties. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 139(7), 2014. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2221166
  • Jana, S., Vuk, A. S., Mallick, A., Orel, B., & Biswas, P. K. (2011). Effect of boron doping on optical properties of sol–gel based nanostructured zinc oxide films on glass. Materials Research Bulletin, 46(12), 2392-2397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2011.08.038
  • Kamaruddin, S. A., Chan, K. Y., Yow, H. K., Zainizan Sahdan, M., Saim, H., & Knipp, D. (2011). Zinc oxide films prepared by sol–gel spin coating technique. Applied Physics A, 104, 263-268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-010-6121-2
  • Kara, I., Atilgan, A., Serin, T., & Yildiz, A. (2017). Effects of Co and Cu dopants on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of ZnO nanocrystals. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 28, 6088-6092. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-6285-4
  • Kaur, G., Mitra, A., & Yadav, K. L. (2015). Pulsed laser deposited Al-doped ZnO thin films for optical applications. Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, 25(1), 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2015.01.012
  • Kayani, Z. N., Bashir, Z., Riaz, S., Naseem, S., & Saddiqe, Z. (2020). Transparent boron-doped zinc oxide films for antibacterial and magnetic applications. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 31, 11911-11926. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-03745-5
  • Kim, S., Park, H., Nam, G., Yoon, H., & Leem, J. Y. (2013). Improved optical and electrical properties of sol–gel-derived boron-doped zinc oxide thin films. Journal of sol-gel science and technology, 67, 580-591. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-013-3117-3
  • Kumar, V., Singh, R. G., Singh, F., & Purohit, L. P. (2012). Highly transparent and conducting boron doped zinc oxide films for window of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell applications. Journal of alloys and compounds, 544, 120-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.07.124
  • Lee, S. H., Kim, M., Jung, Y., Jung, J. H., Kim, S., Leem, J. Y., & Kim, H. (2013). Enhanced optical and electrical properties of boron-doped zinc-oxide thin films prepared by using the sol-gel dip-coating method. Journal of the Korean Physical Society, 63, 1804-1808. https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.63.1804
  • Lokhande, B. J., Patil, P. S., & Uplane, M. D. (2001). Studies on structural, optical and electrical properties of boron doped zinc oxide films prepared by spray pyrolysis technique. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 302, 59-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4526(01)00405-7
  • Majerič, P., & Rudolf, R. (2020). Advances in ultrasonic spray pyrolysis processing of noble metal nanoparticles. Materials, 13(16), 3485. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13163485
  • Nečas, D., & Klapetek, P. (2012). Gwyddion: an open-source software for SPM data analysis. Open Physics, 10(1), 181-188. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11534-011-0096-2
  • Ozel, K., & Atilgan, A. (2023a). Systematic Investigation on the Synergistic Impact of Gallium (Ga)-Boron (B) Co-Doping on the Features of ZnO Films. Gazi University Journal of Science Part A: Engineering and Innovation, 10(4), 442-451. https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1358177
  • Ozel, K., Atilgan, A., & Yildiz, A. (2023b). Multi-layered blocking layers for dye sensitized solar cells. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 115297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.115297
  • Ozel, K., & Yildiz, A. (2021). High-detectivity ultraviolet-B photodetector based on SnO2 thin film/Si 30 heterojunction. Semiconductor Science and Technology, 36(9), 095001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6641/ac1051
  • Pawar, B. N., Jadkar, S. R., & Takwale, M. G. (2005). Deposition and characterization of transparent and conductive sprayed ZnO: B thin films. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 66(10), 1779-1782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.08.086
  • Sbeta, M., Atilgan, A., Atli, A., & Yildiz, A. (2018). Influence of the spin acceleration time on the properties of ZnO: Ga thin films deposited by sol–gel method. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 86, 513-520. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-018-4652-8
  • Senol, S. D., Ozturk, O., & Terzioğlu, C. (2015). Effect of boron doping on the structural, optical and electrical properties of ZnO nanoparticles produced by the hydrothermal method. Ceramics International, 41(9), 11194-11201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.05.069
  • Smirnov, M., Baban, C., & Rusu, G. I. (2010). Structural and optical characteristics of spin-coated ZnO thin films. Applied Surface Science, 256(8), 2405-2408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.10.075
  • Steinhauser, J., Fay, S., Oliveira, N., Vallat-Sauvain, E., & Ballif, C. (2007). Transition between grain boundary and intragrain scattering transport mechanisms in boron-doped zinc oxide thin films. Applied Physics Letters, 90(14). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2719158
  • Sun, Y. T. A., Pan, P. C., Koo, H. S., & Lin, N. Y. (2020). Growth of low resistivity and high transparency boron-doped zinc oxide film by pulse laser deposition. Precision Engineering, 66, 605-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2020.08.001
  • Tahar, R. B. H., & Tahar, N. B. H. (2005). Boron-doped zinc oxide thin films prepared by sol-gel technique. Journal of materials science, 40, 5285-5289. doi:10.1007/s10853-005-0522-1
  • Tan, S. T., Chen, B. J., Sun, X. W., Fan, W. J., Kwok, H. S., Zhang, X. H., & Chua, S. J. (2005). Blueshift of optical band gap in ZnO thin films grown by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition. Journal of Applied Physics, 98(1). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1940137
  • Zhussupbekova, A., Caffrey, D., Zhussupbekov, K., Smith, C. M., Shvets, I. V., & Fleischer, K. (2020). Low-cost, high-performance spray pyrolysis-grown amorphous zinc tin oxide: the challenge of a complex growth process. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 12(41), 46892-46899. 3. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c12148
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Material Physics, Solid State Chemistry
Journal Section Energy Systems Engineering
Authors

Abdullah Atılgan 0000-0002-5624-3664

Kenan Özel 0000-0002-0250-3731

Early Pub Date December 28, 2023
Publication Date March 28, 2024
Submission Date September 18, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Atılgan, A., & Özel, K. (2024). Boron-Doped Thin Films Fabricated by the Spin Coating Method: The Effect of Doping Concentrations. Gazi University Journal of Science Part A: Engineering and Innovation, 11(1), 57-67. https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1362103
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