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Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 143 - 153, 01.10.2022

Akachukwu Eke Promise Etim

https://doi.org/10.47933/ijeir.1000262

Abstract

References

  • Akanno, E. C. and Ibe, S. N. (2005). Estimates of Genetic Parameters for Growth Traits of Domestic Rabbits in the Humid Tropics. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 17 (7) 86-95.
  • Agro-climatic Data (2007). Daily climatic data.Agro-Metrological Department. National Root Crop Research Institute (NRCRI), Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.
  • Arinze, E. A. (1981). Simulation and experimental evaluation of a solar assisted energy conserving greenhouse.Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis.Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon.
  • Artlet, L. E., J. A.Martines-Lozano, M. P.Utrillas, T.Tena, and R.Pedros (1999). The optimization of the angle of inclination of a solar collector to maximize the incident solar radiation. Renewable Energy, 17 (3): 291-309.
  • Bena, B. and Fuller, R. J. (2002). Natural convection solar dryer with biomass back up heater. Journal of Solar Energy, 72 (1): 75-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(01)00095-0
  • Chau, K. V. (1982. Optimum tilt angles for solar collectors in clear sky conditions. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 27(4): 321-328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-8634(82)90071-3
  • Chiemeka, I. U. (2008). Estimation of Solar radiation at Uturu, Nigeria. International Journal of Physics and Sciences. 3(5): 126-130.
  • Chow, T. T. and Chan, A. L. S. (2004).Numerical study of desirable solar collector orientations for the coastal region of South China. Applied Energy. 79:249-260.
  • Collins H. (2003). Solar constant. Available at www.thefreedictionary.com/solar%2Bc.
  • Dang, A. and Sharma, J. K. 1983. Performance of flat plate solar collectors in off south orientation in India. Energy Conversion and Management, 23 (3):125-130.
  • Diemnodeke, E. O. and Momoh, O. L. Y. (2011). Design and fabrication of a direct natural convection solar dryer for Tapioca. Available at http://lejpt.academicdirect.org/A18/095_104.html Assessed on July 28, 2020.
  • Duffie, J. A., and Beckman,W. A. (2013). Solar Engineering Thermal Processes. New York: John Wiley, 50-60.
  • Eke, A. B. 2003. Performance evaluation of natural convection solar dryer for sliced tomato. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis.Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
  • Fagbenle, R. L. (2004). Optimum collector tilt angles and annual global radiation for Nigeria locations. Nigerian Journal of Renewable Energy. 2(17) 1-8.
  • Farzad, J. (2013). Optimum Tilt Angle and Orientation of Solar Surfaces in Abu Dhabi. Renewable Energy. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.10.036
  • Hamid, M., F., Farshad, T. and Ashkan. Z. S. (2010). Optimization of solar flat collector inclination. Desalination. 265(3):107-111. DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2010.07.039
  • Houda, E. and Khalid, L. (2013). Modeling the variation of optimum tilt angle for flat- plate solar collectors in Ifrane, Morocco. International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC). Pp 106-111. DOI:10.1109/IRSEC.2013.6529661
  • Huseyin, G., and Arif. H. (2007). Determination of the optimum tilt angle of solar collectors for building applications. Building and Environment, 42(2):779-783. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.09.012
  • Iloeje, O. C. (1993). Design, operation and performance of solar rice dryer. In proc. 2nd Workshop on ‘‘SDTAI’’,Nsukka, Nigeria, 24-27 November.
  • Iwe G.O. (1998). Energy Options in the Industrialization and Development Process of the Nation. What Role for Coal. Bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria.
  • Kaul R. N, Egbo C. O. (1985) Introduction to Agricultural Mechanization. 1 stedMamillanEducation Ltd, London.
  • Koray U. (2006). Optimum Tilt Angle for Solar Collectors, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 28:13, 1171-1180. DOI: 10.1080/00908310600584524
  • Maduekwe, A. A. L. (1995). Performance assessment of some photovoltaic cells in Kaduna and Zaria, using some meteorological variables and computer modeling. A paper presented at ‘‘CRAET’’ held at University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Nigeria.
  • MEC (2013). Find the nth day of the Year. www.mrexcel.com>forum> Assessed on 10/8/2015.
  • Milburn, J. (2015) Solar Power Available at Wikipedia: WikiprojectGoodarticle/GA Cup/SubmissionsMilburn
  • Morcos, V. H. (1994). Optimum tilt angle and orientation for solar collectors in Assiut, Egypt. Renewable energy, 4(3):291-298.
  • Nwokocha, C. O., Chineke, T. C., Nwofor, O. K. and Okoro, U. K. (2009). Estimation of Solar Radiation in South Eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences. 5(3): 223-228.
  • Nielsen, R. (2005). Solar Radiation. Available at http://home.iprimus.com.au/nielsens/. Accessed on 4 July 2020.
  • Oko, C. O. C. and Nnamchi, S. N. (2012). Optimum collector tilt angle for low Latitudes. Open Renewable Energy Journal. 5(1)7-14
  • Sharma, A., Chen, C. R. and Nguyen, V. (2009). Solar energy drying systems: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, 13(6-7):1185-1210.
  • Tian, P. C. (2008). Study on the Optimal Tilt Angle of Solar Collector According to Different Radiation Types.Int. Journal of Applied Science and Engineering. 6(2)151-161.
  • ZAR (2011). Zaria Airport Map/ Nigerian Airports.http://www.maplandia.com.

Prediction of optimum tilt angle of Flat-plate solar collector in Abia State Nigeria

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 3, 143 - 153, 01.10.2022

Akachukwu Eke Promise Etim

https://doi.org/10.47933/ijeir.1000262

Abstract

Most solar collectors in Nigeria are mounted without consideration of optimum tilt angle for maximum solar radiation. To address the gap, a flat plate surface solar collector of area 0.15 m2, hinged on horizontal support for quick adjustment of inclination between 0 to 90o was fabricated marked out at 1o intervals on a telescopic leg graduated in degrees. Measurement of the solar radiation at varying degrees of inclination was taken between 12:00 noon and 2.00 pm for 4 days at clear sky hours, within the week of nth day of the year. The measurements were taken for each month of the year at Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike. Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria, at each degree of inclination. The result showed that the optimum angle of inclination of a flat plate for maximum collection of solar radiation intensities for January to December were 9.5, 9.1, 3.0, 6.4, 9.9, 11.8, 9.0, 7.3, 3.1, 7.0, 10.2, and 11.8o respectively. The study also revealed that the average angle of inclination at which a flat surface solar collector can be mounted at a fixed position in Umudike is 8.14o. The analysis indicated that solar energy gain of 123,314.79 MJm-2, 39,041.24 MJm-2, and 25,610.84 MJm-2 for horizontal, Latitude angle of location and calculated fixed angle of inclination of the solar collector respectively. Comparison of the measured and calculated optimum values of angle of inclination of a flat plate surface for trapping maximum solar radiation intensity indicated a high correlation ( R2 ) of 0.97.

Keywords

Solar energy solar collector optimum tilt angle renewable energy solar radiation intensity

References

  • Akanno, E. C. and Ibe, S. N. (2005). Estimates of Genetic Parameters for Growth Traits of Domestic Rabbits in the Humid Tropics. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 17 (7) 86-95.
  • Agro-climatic Data (2007). Daily climatic data.Agro-Metrological Department. National Root Crop Research Institute (NRCRI), Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.
  • Arinze, E. A. (1981). Simulation and experimental evaluation of a solar assisted energy conserving greenhouse.Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis.Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon.
  • Artlet, L. E., J. A.Martines-Lozano, M. P.Utrillas, T.Tena, and R.Pedros (1999). The optimization of the angle of inclination of a solar collector to maximize the incident solar radiation. Renewable Energy, 17 (3): 291-309.
  • Bena, B. and Fuller, R. J. (2002). Natural convection solar dryer with biomass back up heater. Journal of Solar Energy, 72 (1): 75-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(01)00095-0
  • Chau, K. V. (1982. Optimum tilt angles for solar collectors in clear sky conditions. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 27(4): 321-328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-8634(82)90071-3
  • Chiemeka, I. U. (2008). Estimation of Solar radiation at Uturu, Nigeria. International Journal of Physics and Sciences. 3(5): 126-130.
  • Chow, T. T. and Chan, A. L. S. (2004).Numerical study of desirable solar collector orientations for the coastal region of South China. Applied Energy. 79:249-260.
  • Collins H. (2003). Solar constant. Available at www.thefreedictionary.com/solar%2Bc.
  • Dang, A. and Sharma, J. K. 1983. Performance of flat plate solar collectors in off south orientation in India. Energy Conversion and Management, 23 (3):125-130.
  • Diemnodeke, E. O. and Momoh, O. L. Y. (2011). Design and fabrication of a direct natural convection solar dryer for Tapioca. Available at http://lejpt.academicdirect.org/A18/095_104.html Assessed on July 28, 2020.
  • Duffie, J. A., and Beckman,W. A. (2013). Solar Engineering Thermal Processes. New York: John Wiley, 50-60.
  • Eke, A. B. 2003. Performance evaluation of natural convection solar dryer for sliced tomato. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis.Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
  • Fagbenle, R. L. (2004). Optimum collector tilt angles and annual global radiation for Nigeria locations. Nigerian Journal of Renewable Energy. 2(17) 1-8.
  • Farzad, J. (2013). Optimum Tilt Angle and Orientation of Solar Surfaces in Abu Dhabi. Renewable Energy. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.10.036
  • Hamid, M., F., Farshad, T. and Ashkan. Z. S. (2010). Optimization of solar flat collector inclination. Desalination. 265(3):107-111. DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2010.07.039
  • Houda, E. and Khalid, L. (2013). Modeling the variation of optimum tilt angle for flat- plate solar collectors in Ifrane, Morocco. International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC). Pp 106-111. DOI:10.1109/IRSEC.2013.6529661
  • Huseyin, G., and Arif. H. (2007). Determination of the optimum tilt angle of solar collectors for building applications. Building and Environment, 42(2):779-783. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.09.012
  • Iloeje, O. C. (1993). Design, operation and performance of solar rice dryer. In proc. 2nd Workshop on ‘‘SDTAI’’,Nsukka, Nigeria, 24-27 November.
  • Iwe G.O. (1998). Energy Options in the Industrialization and Development Process of the Nation. What Role for Coal. Bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria.
  • Kaul R. N, Egbo C. O. (1985) Introduction to Agricultural Mechanization. 1 stedMamillanEducation Ltd, London.
  • Koray U. (2006). Optimum Tilt Angle for Solar Collectors, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 28:13, 1171-1180. DOI: 10.1080/00908310600584524
  • Maduekwe, A. A. L. (1995). Performance assessment of some photovoltaic cells in Kaduna and Zaria, using some meteorological variables and computer modeling. A paper presented at ‘‘CRAET’’ held at University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Nigeria.
  • MEC (2013). Find the nth day of the Year. www.mrexcel.com>forum> Assessed on 10/8/2015.
  • Milburn, J. (2015) Solar Power Available at Wikipedia: WikiprojectGoodarticle/GA Cup/SubmissionsMilburn
  • Morcos, V. H. (1994). Optimum tilt angle and orientation for solar collectors in Assiut, Egypt. Renewable energy, 4(3):291-298.
  • Nwokocha, C. O., Chineke, T. C., Nwofor, O. K. and Okoro, U. K. (2009). Estimation of Solar Radiation in South Eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences. 5(3): 223-228.
  • Nielsen, R. (2005). Solar Radiation. Available at http://home.iprimus.com.au/nielsens/. Accessed on 4 July 2020.
  • Oko, C. O. C. and Nnamchi, S. N. (2012). Optimum collector tilt angle for low Latitudes. Open Renewable Energy Journal. 5(1)7-14
  • Sharma, A., Chen, C. R. and Nguyen, V. (2009). Solar energy drying systems: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, 13(6-7):1185-1210.
  • Tian, P. C. (2008). Study on the Optimal Tilt Angle of Solar Collector According to Different Radiation Types.Int. Journal of Applied Science and Engineering. 6(2)151-161.
  • ZAR (2011). Zaria Airport Map/ Nigerian Airports.http://www.maplandia.com.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Akachukwu Eke This is me 0000-0002-2313-1332

Promise Etim 0000-0002-8758-8630

Early Pub Date October 1, 2022
Publication Date October 1, 2022
Acceptance Date July 15, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 4 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Eke, A., & Etim, P. (2022). Prediction of optimum tilt angle of Flat-plate solar collector in Abia State Nigeria. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Research, 4(3), 143-153. https://doi.org/10.47933/ijeir.1000262
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