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Gökkuşağı Alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Görülen Lactococcus garvieae Enfeksiyonu ve Tedavisi

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 651 - 661, 31.12.2021

İsmail Karatay Fikri Balta

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1024825
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bu çalışma, 2012 Ocak ve 2017 Eylül tarihleri arasında Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’ndeki 12 farklı gökkuşağı alabalık çiftliklerinden balıklar toplanmıştır. Hastalıklı gökkuşağı alabalıklarından (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 100 adet bakteri izole edilmiştir. Tüm izolatların tanımlanması geleneksel biyokimyasal testler, api 20 strep testi ve PZR testi kullanılarak tanımlanması yapılmıştır. Pozitif kontrol olarak ATCC 43921 referans izolatı kullanılmıştır. Api 20 strep test sonuçlarına göre izole edilen 100 bakteriden 68 tanesi Lactococcus garvieae olduğu belirlenmiştir. L. garvieae izolatına özel pLG-1 ve pLG-2 (16S rRNA) referans genleri kullanılarak PCR testi ile doğrulanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, gökkuşağı alabalıklardan izole edilen 100 izolattan 68 adet L. garvieae olduğu teyit edilmiştir. Lactococcus garvieae izolatlarına yapılan antibiyogram test sonuçlarına göre sulfamethoksazol, streptomisin ve sulfametoksazol+trimetoprim’e %100, ampisilin’e % 94.2, oksitetrasiklin %72.5, eritromisin’e % 55.07 ve oksolinik asit % 43.5 dirençli olduğu, fakat enrofloksasin % 26.09, doksisikline %20,3, amoksiklin ve florfenikol % 8.7 daha az düzeyde direnç tespit edilmiştir. Hastalığın tedavisinde üreticiye antibiyogram test sonuçlarına göre en etkili olan antibiyotiklerden florfenikol amoksiklin ve doksisiklinden birinin kullanılması önerilmiştir

Keywords

Antimikrobiyal ajanlar api 20 strep L. garvieae PZR

Supporting Institution

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi BAP Birimi

Project Number

2014.103.02.3

Thanks

Recep Tayip Erdoğan Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimine teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Akşit, D. & Kum, C., 2008. Gökkuşağı alabalıkları (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792)’nda sık görülen patojen mikroorganizmaların tespiti ve antibiyotik duyarlılık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. YYÜ Vet Fak Derg., 19(1), 1-7.
  • Altun, S., Diler, O. & Adiloğlu, A.K. (2004). Genotyping of Lactococcus garvieae strains from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by 16S rDNA sequencing. Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol., 24, 119-125.
  • Anshary, H., Kurniawan, R.A., Sriwulan, S., Ramli, R. & Baxa, D.V. (2014). Isolation and molecular identification of the etiological agents of streptococcosis in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in net cages in Lake Sentani, Papua, Indonesia. SpringerPlus, 3:627, 1-11. DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-627
  • Austin, B. & Austin, D.A. (2012). Bacterial Fish Pathogens. Diseases of Farmed and Wild Fish. 5th ed., 17-118, Springer Science, Dordrech.
  • Balta, F., Sandalli, C., Kayis, S. & Ozgumus, O.B., 2010. Molecular analysis of antimicrobial resistance in Yersinia ruckeri strains isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) grown in commercial fish farms in Turkey. Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol., 30(6), 211-219.
  • Balta, F. & Dengiz Balta, Z. (2019). The isolation of Lactococcus garvieae from eyes of diseased rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with exopthalmia. Anatolian Env. and Anim. Sciences, 4(1), 27-33. DOI: 10.35229/jaes.527258
  • Chang, P.H., Lin, C.W. & Lee, C. (2002). Lactococcus garvieae infection of cultured rainbow trout, O. mykiss in Taiwan and associated biophysical characteristics and histopathology. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 25(5), 319-327.
  • Chen, S.C., Lin, Y.D., Liaw, L.L. & Wang, P.C. (2001). Lactococcus garvieae infection in the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii confirmed by polymerase cahin reaction and 16SrDNA sequencing. Dis. Aquat. Org., 45, 45-52. DOI: 10.3354/dao045045
  • Collins, M.D., Farrow, J.A., Phillips, B.A. & Kandler, O. (1983). Streptococcus garvieae sp. nov. and Streptococcus plantarum sp. nov. J Gen Microbiol, 129, 3427-3431. DOI: 10.1099/00221287-129-11-3427
  • Çağırgan, H. & Tanrıkul, T.T. (1997). A Lactococcus in a trout farm. Mediterranean Fisheries Congress, 9-11 April, Izmir, Turkey, 40p.
  • Çağırgan, H. (2004). Biotyping of Lactococcus garvieae isolated from Turkey. E.U. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 21(3-4), 267-269.
  • Diler, Ö., Altun, S., Adiloğlu, A.K., Kubilay, A. & Işıklı, B.I. (2002). First occurence of streptococcosis affecting farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Turkey. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 22, 21-26.
  • Durmaz, Y. & Kılıçoğlu, Y.(2015). Bir alabalık çiftliğinde doğal enfekte gökkuşağı alabalıklarından (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) Lactococcus garvieae’nin kültür ve PCR ile saptanması ve etkenin antibiyotik duyarlılık profillerinin belirlenmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Vet. Bil. Derg., 10(2), 109-115. DOI: 10.17094/avbd.58682
  • Eldar, A. & Ghittino, C. (1999). Lactococcus garvieae and Streptococcus iniae infections in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss): Similar, but different diseases. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 36, 227-231. DOI: 10.3354/dao036227
  • James, P.R., Hardman, S.M.C. & Patterson, D.L.H. (2000). Osteomyelitis and possible endocarditis secondary to Lactococcus garvieae: A first case report. Postgrad Med. J., 76, 301-303. DOI: 10.1136/pmj.76.895.301
  • Kav, K. & Erganiş, O. (2007). Konya bölgesinde bulunan gökkuşa alaballgı (Onchyrnus mykiss) çiftliklerinden Lactococcus garvieae izolasyonu, identifikasyonu ve fenotipik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Vet. Bil. Derg., 23(1), 7-17.
  • Kubilay, A., Altun, S., Uluköy, G. & Diler, Ö. (2005). The determination of antimicrobial susceptibilities of Lactococcus garvieae strains. Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 39-48.
  • Kusuda, K., Kawai, K., Salati, F., Banner, C.R. & Fryer, J.L. (1991). Enterococcus seriolicida sp. nov., a fish pathogen. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 41(3), 406-409. DOI: 10.1099/00207713-41-3-406
  • Kusuda, R. & Salati, F. (1999). Enterococcus seriolicida and Streptococcus iniae. In (eds. Woo PTK, Bruno, D.W.) Fish Diseases and Disorders, Vol: 3, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections. CABI Publishing, 303-317pp.
  • Mofredj, A., Baraka, D., Kloeti, G. & Dumont, J.L. (2000). Lactococcus garvieae septicemia with liver abscess in an immuno­suppressed patient. Am. J. Med., 109(6), 513-514. DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9343(00)00534-9
  • Muzquiz, J.L., Royo, F.M., Otega, C., Blas, I., Ruiz, I. & Allonso, J.L. (1999). Pathogenicity of Streptococcosis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) dependence on age of diseased fish. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 19(3), 114-119.
  • Öztürk, T., Didinen, B.I., Doğan, G., Özer, A. & Bircan, R. (2013). Lactococcosis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) in the middle Black Sea Region in Turkey and antimicrobial susceptibility of the aetiological agent, Lactococcus garvieae. Etlik Vet. Mikrobiyol Derg., 24, 7-12.
  • Ravelo, C., Magariños, B., López-Romalde, S. & Toranzo, A.E. (2003). Molecular fingerprinting of fish-pathogenic Lactococcus garvieae strains by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. J. Clin. Microbiol., 41, 751-756. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.2.751-756.2003
  • Sandallı, C., Özgümüş, O.B. & Sevim, A., 2010. Characterization of tetracycline resistance genes in tetracycline-resistant Enterobacteriaceae obtained from a coliform collection. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 26(11), 2099-2103.
  • Toranzo, A.E., Devesa, S., Heinen, P., Riaza, A., Nunez, S. & Barja, J.L. (1994). Streptococcosis in cultured turbot caused by an Enterococcus-like Bacterium. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 14, 19-23.
  • Türe, M. & Boran, H. (2015). Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance of Lactococcus sp. strains isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy, 59, 37-42.
  • Türe, M., Işıdan, H., Savaş, H. & Kutlu, İ. (2012). PFGE metodu kullanılarak Lactococcus garvieae’nin genetik çeşitliliğinin ve yayılımının belirlenmesi. Su Ürünleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü-Trabzon (TAGEM/HS/10/09/02/179) proje sonuç raporu, 61s.
  • Vela, A.I., Vazquez, J., Gibello, A., Blanco, M.M., Moreno, M., Liebana, P., Albendea, C., Alcala, B., Mendez, A., Dominguez, L. & Fernandez-Garayzabal, J.F. (2000). Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Lactococcus garvieae isolated in Spain from Lactocococcosis outbreaks and comparison with isolates of other countries and sources. J. Clin. Microbiol., 38(10), 3791-3795. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.38.10.3791-3795.2000
  • Wang, C.Y., Shie, H.S., Chen, S.C., Huang, J.P., Hsieh, I.C., Wen, M.S., Lin, F.C. & Wu, D. (2007). Lactococcus garvieae infections in humans: Possible association with aquaculture outbreaks. Int. J. Clin. Pract., 61, 68-73. DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.00855.x
  • Yiu, K., Siu, C., To, K., Jim, M., Lee, K., Lau, C. & Tse, H. (2007). A rare cause of infective endocarditis; Lactococcus garvieae. Int. J. Cardiol., 114, 286-287. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.11.092
  • Zlotkin, A., Eldar, A., Ghittino, C. & Bercovier, H., (1998). Identification of Lactococcus garvieae by PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol., 36, 983-985. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.36.4.983-985.1998

Lactococcus garvieae Infection and Treatment Observed in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 651 - 661, 31.12.2021

İsmail Karatay Fikri Balta

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1024825
Cited By: 1

Abstract

In this study, fish were sampled from 12 different fish farms in Eastern Black Sea Region between January 2012 and September 2017. It was isolated hundred bacteria from diseased rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). All isolates identification were carryed out by using conventional biochemical tests, api 20 strep tests and PCR tests. ATCC 43921 reference strain was used as a positive control. According to results of the api 20 strep test, it was determined that 68 isolates from 100 bacterial isolates were Lactococcus garvieae. It was confirmed by PCR testing using the reference genes pLG-1 and pLG-2 (16S rRNA) specific to the L. garvieae isolate. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that there were 68 L. garvieae from 100 strains isolated from rainbow trout. The antibiotic susceptibility test results showed that L. garvieae isolates were resistant %100 to streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole and sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim, 94.2% to ampicillin, 72.5% to oxytetracycline, 55.07% to erythromycin and 43.5% to oxolinic acid, 26.09% to enrofloxacin, % 20.3 doxycycline, 8,7% to amoxicillin and florphenicol. The most effective antibiotic was found to be florfenicol, amoxicillin and doxisicline.

Keywords

Antimicrobial agents api 20 strep L. garvieae PZR

Project Number

2014.103.02.3

References

  • Akşit, D. & Kum, C., 2008. Gökkuşağı alabalıkları (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792)’nda sık görülen patojen mikroorganizmaların tespiti ve antibiyotik duyarlılık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. YYÜ Vet Fak Derg., 19(1), 1-7.
  • Altun, S., Diler, O. & Adiloğlu, A.K. (2004). Genotyping of Lactococcus garvieae strains from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by 16S rDNA sequencing. Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol., 24, 119-125.
  • Anshary, H., Kurniawan, R.A., Sriwulan, S., Ramli, R. & Baxa, D.V. (2014). Isolation and molecular identification of the etiological agents of streptococcosis in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in net cages in Lake Sentani, Papua, Indonesia. SpringerPlus, 3:627, 1-11. DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-627
  • Austin, B. & Austin, D.A. (2012). Bacterial Fish Pathogens. Diseases of Farmed and Wild Fish. 5th ed., 17-118, Springer Science, Dordrech.
  • Balta, F., Sandalli, C., Kayis, S. & Ozgumus, O.B., 2010. Molecular analysis of antimicrobial resistance in Yersinia ruckeri strains isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) grown in commercial fish farms in Turkey. Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol., 30(6), 211-219.
  • Balta, F. & Dengiz Balta, Z. (2019). The isolation of Lactococcus garvieae from eyes of diseased rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with exopthalmia. Anatolian Env. and Anim. Sciences, 4(1), 27-33. DOI: 10.35229/jaes.527258
  • Chang, P.H., Lin, C.W. & Lee, C. (2002). Lactococcus garvieae infection of cultured rainbow trout, O. mykiss in Taiwan and associated biophysical characteristics and histopathology. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 25(5), 319-327.
  • Chen, S.C., Lin, Y.D., Liaw, L.L. & Wang, P.C. (2001). Lactococcus garvieae infection in the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii confirmed by polymerase cahin reaction and 16SrDNA sequencing. Dis. Aquat. Org., 45, 45-52. DOI: 10.3354/dao045045
  • Collins, M.D., Farrow, J.A., Phillips, B.A. & Kandler, O. (1983). Streptococcus garvieae sp. nov. and Streptococcus plantarum sp. nov. J Gen Microbiol, 129, 3427-3431. DOI: 10.1099/00221287-129-11-3427
  • Çağırgan, H. & Tanrıkul, T.T. (1997). A Lactococcus in a trout farm. Mediterranean Fisheries Congress, 9-11 April, Izmir, Turkey, 40p.
  • Çağırgan, H. (2004). Biotyping of Lactococcus garvieae isolated from Turkey. E.U. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 21(3-4), 267-269.
  • Diler, Ö., Altun, S., Adiloğlu, A.K., Kubilay, A. & Işıklı, B.I. (2002). First occurence of streptococcosis affecting farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Turkey. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 22, 21-26.
  • Durmaz, Y. & Kılıçoğlu, Y.(2015). Bir alabalık çiftliğinde doğal enfekte gökkuşağı alabalıklarından (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) Lactococcus garvieae’nin kültür ve PCR ile saptanması ve etkenin antibiyotik duyarlılık profillerinin belirlenmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Vet. Bil. Derg., 10(2), 109-115. DOI: 10.17094/avbd.58682
  • Eldar, A. & Ghittino, C. (1999). Lactococcus garvieae and Streptococcus iniae infections in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss): Similar, but different diseases. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 36, 227-231. DOI: 10.3354/dao036227
  • James, P.R., Hardman, S.M.C. & Patterson, D.L.H. (2000). Osteomyelitis and possible endocarditis secondary to Lactococcus garvieae: A first case report. Postgrad Med. J., 76, 301-303. DOI: 10.1136/pmj.76.895.301
  • Kav, K. & Erganiş, O. (2007). Konya bölgesinde bulunan gökkuşa alaballgı (Onchyrnus mykiss) çiftliklerinden Lactococcus garvieae izolasyonu, identifikasyonu ve fenotipik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Vet. Bil. Derg., 23(1), 7-17.
  • Kubilay, A., Altun, S., Uluköy, G. & Diler, Ö. (2005). The determination of antimicrobial susceptibilities of Lactococcus garvieae strains. Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 39-48.
  • Kusuda, K., Kawai, K., Salati, F., Banner, C.R. & Fryer, J.L. (1991). Enterococcus seriolicida sp. nov., a fish pathogen. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 41(3), 406-409. DOI: 10.1099/00207713-41-3-406
  • Kusuda, R. & Salati, F. (1999). Enterococcus seriolicida and Streptococcus iniae. In (eds. Woo PTK, Bruno, D.W.) Fish Diseases and Disorders, Vol: 3, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections. CABI Publishing, 303-317pp.
  • Mofredj, A., Baraka, D., Kloeti, G. & Dumont, J.L. (2000). Lactococcus garvieae septicemia with liver abscess in an immuno­suppressed patient. Am. J. Med., 109(6), 513-514. DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9343(00)00534-9
  • Muzquiz, J.L., Royo, F.M., Otega, C., Blas, I., Ruiz, I. & Allonso, J.L. (1999). Pathogenicity of Streptococcosis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) dependence on age of diseased fish. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 19(3), 114-119.
  • Öztürk, T., Didinen, B.I., Doğan, G., Özer, A. & Bircan, R. (2013). Lactococcosis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) in the middle Black Sea Region in Turkey and antimicrobial susceptibility of the aetiological agent, Lactococcus garvieae. Etlik Vet. Mikrobiyol Derg., 24, 7-12.
  • Ravelo, C., Magariños, B., López-Romalde, S. & Toranzo, A.E. (2003). Molecular fingerprinting of fish-pathogenic Lactococcus garvieae strains by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. J. Clin. Microbiol., 41, 751-756. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.2.751-756.2003
  • Sandallı, C., Özgümüş, O.B. & Sevim, A., 2010. Characterization of tetracycline resistance genes in tetracycline-resistant Enterobacteriaceae obtained from a coliform collection. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 26(11), 2099-2103.
  • Toranzo, A.E., Devesa, S., Heinen, P., Riaza, A., Nunez, S. & Barja, J.L. (1994). Streptococcosis in cultured turbot caused by an Enterococcus-like Bacterium. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 14, 19-23.
  • Türe, M. & Boran, H. (2015). Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance of Lactococcus sp. strains isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy, 59, 37-42.
  • Türe, M., Işıdan, H., Savaş, H. & Kutlu, İ. (2012). PFGE metodu kullanılarak Lactococcus garvieae’nin genetik çeşitliliğinin ve yayılımının belirlenmesi. Su Ürünleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü-Trabzon (TAGEM/HS/10/09/02/179) proje sonuç raporu, 61s.
  • Vela, A.I., Vazquez, J., Gibello, A., Blanco, M.M., Moreno, M., Liebana, P., Albendea, C., Alcala, B., Mendez, A., Dominguez, L. & Fernandez-Garayzabal, J.F. (2000). Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Lactococcus garvieae isolated in Spain from Lactocococcosis outbreaks and comparison with isolates of other countries and sources. J. Clin. Microbiol., 38(10), 3791-3795. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.38.10.3791-3795.2000
  • Wang, C.Y., Shie, H.S., Chen, S.C., Huang, J.P., Hsieh, I.C., Wen, M.S., Lin, F.C. & Wu, D. (2007). Lactococcus garvieae infections in humans: Possible association with aquaculture outbreaks. Int. J. Clin. Pract., 61, 68-73. DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.00855.x
  • Yiu, K., Siu, C., To, K., Jim, M., Lee, K., Lau, C. & Tse, H. (2007). A rare cause of infective endocarditis; Lactococcus garvieae. Int. J. Cardiol., 114, 286-287. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.11.092
  • Zlotkin, A., Eldar, A., Ghittino, C. & Bercovier, H., (1998). Identification of Lactococcus garvieae by PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol., 36, 983-985. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.36.4.983-985.1998
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İsmail Karatay This is me 0000-0003-1205-0577

Fikri Balta 0000-0002-1823-5823

Project Number 2014.103.02.3
Early Pub Date December 30, 2021
Publication Date December 31, 2021
Submission Date November 17, 2021
Acceptance Date December 16, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 6 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Karatay, İ., & Balta, F. (2021). Gökkuşağı Alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Görülen Lactococcus garvieae Enfeksiyonu ve Tedavisi. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 6(4), 651-661. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1024825

Cited By

Rize Kıyılarında Deniz Kafeslerinde Balık Yetiştiriciliği Potansiyeli ve Sürdürülebilir Çevre
Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1388002
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