Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Okul Öncesi Dönem Down Sendromlu Çocuklarda D Vitamini Eksikliği

Year 2021, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 397 - 400, 01.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.17517/ksutfd.798173

Abstract

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble secosteroid prohormone that is produced on the skin by contact with sunlight. Through various metabolic changes in the body, it transforms into a hormone known as calcitriol, with a key role in the calcium and phosphate metabolism (1). Vitamin D serves plenty of functions in the body. Therefore, its deficiency may cause musculoskeletal symptoms such as bone pain, muscle weakness, gait difficulty, skeletal deformity, in addition to extraskeletal symptoms such as autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and neuropsychiatric diseases (2).
Down Syndrome occurs as a result of trisomy, which occurs due to an extra copy of the whole or part of the long arm of chromosome 21 and is the most commonly known cause of delay in development. DS affects 1 in every 787 liveborn babies (3). DS is often accompanied by distinctive craniofacial features, congenital heart disease and immune, musculoskeletal and endocrine system abnormalities (4,5).
In patients with this syndrome, various environmental and hormonal factors such as hypotonia, low physical activity, poor calcium and vitamin D intake, intrauterine growth restriction, hypogonadism and thyroid dysfunction may contribute to bone mass and quality (6,7). Among all the others, vitamin D may have a crucial role in the health of these people. Vitamin D levels differ with many factors, including exposure to sunlight, dietary intake, and supplement use (8,9).
There is a lack of scientific evidence on the prevalence and severity of vitamin D deficiency in children with DS. Hence, this study aimed to determine vitamin D deficiency in children with DS, from infancy to toddler and particularly during the preschool period, and to raise awareness on the matter.

Supporting Institution

yok

Project Number

yok

Thanks

yok

References

  • 1. Çalışkan Özçelik D, Koçer H, Kasım İ, Şencan İ, Kahveci R, Özakara A. D vitamini- Derleme. Turkish Medical Journal 2012:6(2)
  • 2. Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Eng J Med 2007;357:266-81.
  • 3. de Graaf G, Buckley F, Skotko BG. Estimation of the number of people with Down syndrome in the United States. Genet Med 2017;19:439-47.
  • 4. Hawli Y, Nasrallah M, El-Hajj Fuleihan G. Endocrine and musculoskeletal abnormalities in patients with Down syndrome. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 2009:5(6); 327-34.
  • 5. Wiseman FK, Alford KA, Tybulewicz VL, Elizabeth M C Fisher. Down syndrome- recent progress and future prospects. Human Molecular Genetics, 2009:1(18):75-83.
  • 6. Reza SM, Rasool H, Mansour S, Hemayattalab A. Effects of calcium and training on the development of bone density in children with Down syndrome. Research in developmental Disabilities. 2013;34(12):4304-09.
  • 7. Ferry B, Gavris M, Tifrea C, Serbanoiu S, Pop AC, Bembea M et al. The bone tissue of children and adolescents with Down syndrome is sensitive to mechanical stress in certain skeletal locations: a 1-year physical training program study. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 2014;35(9):2077-84.
  • 8. Wahl DA, Cooper C, Ebeling PR, J Hilger, K Hoffmann, R Josse, J A Kanis et al. A global representation of vitamin D status in healthy populations. Archives of Osteoporosis, 2012;7(1-2):155-72.
  • 9. Pludowski P, Grant WB, Bhattoa HP, Bayer M, Povoroznyuk V, Rudenka E et al. Vitamin D status in central Europe. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2014;2014:589587. doi: 10.1155/2014/589587.
  • 10. M. F. Holick. Vitamin D status: measurement, interpretation, and clinical application. Annals of Epidemiology, 2009;19(2):73-8.
  • 11. Holick MF. Resurrection of vitamin D deficiency and rickets. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2006;116(8):2062-72.
  • 12. Han SS, Kim M, Kim H, Lee SM, Yun Jung Oh, Lee JP et al. Non-Linear relationship between serum 25 Hydroxyvitamin D and hemoglobin in Korean females: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2011. PLoS One 2013;8:e72605. 2013 Aug 28;8(8):e72605. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072605.
  • 13. Shin JY, Shim JY. Low vitamin D levels increase anemia risk in Korean women. Clin Chim Acta 2013;421:117-20.
  • 14. Specker BL, Valanis B, Hertzberg V, N Edwards, R C Tsang. Sunshine exposure and serum 25- Hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in exclusively breast-fed infants. J Pediatr. 1985;107(3):372-6.
  • 15. Tezel B, Aydın Ş. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü Bebek, Çocuk, Ergen İzlem Protokolleri. Ankara-2018 p:171.
  • 16. N Doğan, A Colak, N Güden, F Üstüner. Vitamin D deficiency in children in Aegean Region in Turkey. Cumhuriyet Medical Journal 2015;37(1):17-22
  • 17. Kartal Ö, Gürsel O. The Relationship Between Serum Vitamin D Level, Anemia, and Iron Deficiency in Preschool Children. Haydarpasa Numune Med J 2019;59(3):220-23
  • 18. Stagi S, Lapi E, Romano S, Bargiacchi S, Brambilla A, Giglio S et al. Determinants of Vitamin D Levels in Children and Adolescents With Down Syndrome. Int J Endocrinol. 2015;2015:896758. doi: 10.1155/2015/896758.

Vitamin D Deficiency in Preschool Children with Down Syndrome

Year 2021, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 397 - 400, 01.11.2021
https://doi.org/10.17517/ksutfd.798173

Abstract

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble secosteroid prohormone that is produced on the skin by contact with sunlight. Through various metabolic changes in the body, it transforms into a hormone known as calcitriol, with a key role in the calcium and phosphate metabolism (1). Vitamin D serves plenty of functions in the body. Therefore, its deficiency may cause musculoskeletal symptoms such as bone pain, muscle weakness, gait difficulty, skeletal deformity, in addition to extraskeletal symptoms such as autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and neuropsychiatric diseases (2).
Down Syndrome occurs as a result of trisomy, which occurs due to an extra copy of the whole or part of the long arm of chromosome 21 and is the most commonly known cause of delay in development. DS affects 1 in every 787 liveborn babies (3). DS is often accompanied by distinctive craniofacial features, congenital heart disease and immune, musculoskeletal and endocrine system abnormalities (4,5).
In patients with this syndrome, various environmental and hormonal factors such as hypotonia, low physical activity, poor calcium and vitamin D intake, intrauterine growth restriction, hypogonadism and thyroid dysfunction may contribute to bone mass and quality (6,7). Among all the others, vitamin D may have a crucial role in the health of these people. Vitamin D levels differ with many factors, including exposure to sunlight, dietary intake, and supplement use (8,9).
There is a lack of scientific evidence on the prevalence and severity of vitamin D deficiency in children with DS. Hence, this study aimed to determine vitamin D deficiency in children with DS, from infancy to toddler and particularly during the preschool period, and to raise awareness on the matter.

Project Number

yok

References

  • 1. Çalışkan Özçelik D, Koçer H, Kasım İ, Şencan İ, Kahveci R, Özakara A. D vitamini- Derleme. Turkish Medical Journal 2012:6(2)
  • 2. Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Eng J Med 2007;357:266-81.
  • 3. de Graaf G, Buckley F, Skotko BG. Estimation of the number of people with Down syndrome in the United States. Genet Med 2017;19:439-47.
  • 4. Hawli Y, Nasrallah M, El-Hajj Fuleihan G. Endocrine and musculoskeletal abnormalities in patients with Down syndrome. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 2009:5(6); 327-34.
  • 5. Wiseman FK, Alford KA, Tybulewicz VL, Elizabeth M C Fisher. Down syndrome- recent progress and future prospects. Human Molecular Genetics, 2009:1(18):75-83.
  • 6. Reza SM, Rasool H, Mansour S, Hemayattalab A. Effects of calcium and training on the development of bone density in children with Down syndrome. Research in developmental Disabilities. 2013;34(12):4304-09.
  • 7. Ferry B, Gavris M, Tifrea C, Serbanoiu S, Pop AC, Bembea M et al. The bone tissue of children and adolescents with Down syndrome is sensitive to mechanical stress in certain skeletal locations: a 1-year physical training program study. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 2014;35(9):2077-84.
  • 8. Wahl DA, Cooper C, Ebeling PR, J Hilger, K Hoffmann, R Josse, J A Kanis et al. A global representation of vitamin D status in healthy populations. Archives of Osteoporosis, 2012;7(1-2):155-72.
  • 9. Pludowski P, Grant WB, Bhattoa HP, Bayer M, Povoroznyuk V, Rudenka E et al. Vitamin D status in central Europe. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2014;2014:589587. doi: 10.1155/2014/589587.
  • 10. M. F. Holick. Vitamin D status: measurement, interpretation, and clinical application. Annals of Epidemiology, 2009;19(2):73-8.
  • 11. Holick MF. Resurrection of vitamin D deficiency and rickets. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2006;116(8):2062-72.
  • 12. Han SS, Kim M, Kim H, Lee SM, Yun Jung Oh, Lee JP et al. Non-Linear relationship between serum 25 Hydroxyvitamin D and hemoglobin in Korean females: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2011. PLoS One 2013;8:e72605. 2013 Aug 28;8(8):e72605. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072605.
  • 13. Shin JY, Shim JY. Low vitamin D levels increase anemia risk in Korean women. Clin Chim Acta 2013;421:117-20.
  • 14. Specker BL, Valanis B, Hertzberg V, N Edwards, R C Tsang. Sunshine exposure and serum 25- Hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in exclusively breast-fed infants. J Pediatr. 1985;107(3):372-6.
  • 15. Tezel B, Aydın Ş. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü Bebek, Çocuk, Ergen İzlem Protokolleri. Ankara-2018 p:171.
  • 16. N Doğan, A Colak, N Güden, F Üstüner. Vitamin D deficiency in children in Aegean Region in Turkey. Cumhuriyet Medical Journal 2015;37(1):17-22
  • 17. Kartal Ö, Gürsel O. The Relationship Between Serum Vitamin D Level, Anemia, and Iron Deficiency in Preschool Children. Haydarpasa Numune Med J 2019;59(3):220-23
  • 18. Stagi S, Lapi E, Romano S, Bargiacchi S, Brambilla A, Giglio S et al. Determinants of Vitamin D Levels in Children and Adolescents With Down Syndrome. Int J Endocrinol. 2015;2015:896758. doi: 10.1155/2015/896758.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Araştırma Makaleleri
Authors

Raikan Büyükavcı 0000-0002-2234-7158

Mehmet Akif Büyükavcı 0000-0001-6884-1832

Project Number yok
Publication Date November 1, 2021
Submission Date September 22, 2020
Acceptance Date February 8, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 16 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Büyükavcı R, Büyükavcı MA. Vitamin D Deficiency in Preschool Children with Down Syndrome. KSU Medical Journal. November 2021;16(3):397-400. doi:10.17517/ksutfd.798173