Research Article
Comparative study of some properties of wood plastic composite materials produced with polyethylene, wood flour, and glass flour
Abstract
Wood flour is the most common filler used in the production of wood plastic composite (WPC) materials. In scientific studies on this subject, wood flours obtained from different trees and fillers obtained from different annual plants are used. In addition, some mineral-based fillers are also used in materials made of plastic. In this study, a low-density polyethylene polymer obtained from recycling was used as the matrix. Larch wood flour and glass flour obtained by grinding soft drink bottles were used as fillers. Composite boards were produced using 60% polymer as the matrix, along with wood flour and glass flour in varying proportions. The density, flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break, and hardness values of the produced composites were determined. Based on the data obtained, the density increased with the addition of wood flour and glass flour as fillers, and the density-increasing effect of the glass flour was higher than that of the wood flour. Compared to the control samples, it was determined that the bending strength and elongation at break of the experimental groups decreased, and the flexural modulus and tensile modulus increased in the experimental samples using wood flour and glass flour.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi
Project Number
2022/2-17M
Thanks
This work was supported by a grant from the Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Scientific Research Projects Unit, Project Number: 2022/2-17M. I would like to thank Mr. Ümit Ayata for his contributions to the Shore D hardness tests.
References
- Akbaş, S., Tufan, M., Güleç, T., Taşçıoğlu, C., Peker, H. (2013), Fındık kabuklarının polipropilen esaslı polimer kompozit üretiminde değerlendirilmesi, Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(1), 50-56.
- Altuntaş, E., Yılmaz, E., Salan, T. (2017), Yüksek oranda lif dolgu maddesi kullanımının odun plastik kompozit malzemenin mekanik özellikleri üzerine etkisinin araştırılması. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 18(3), 258-263.
- ASTM D 638 (2022), Standard test method for tensile properties of plastics, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. 1–24 s.
- ASTM D 790 (2016), Flexural properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics and electrical insulating materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Philadelphia, PA. 1–9 s.
- ASTM D 2240 (2021), Standard test method for rubber property-durometer hardness, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, United States, 1–27 s.
- Atar İ., Başboğa, İ. H., Karakuş, K., Mengeloğlu, F. (2016), Utilization of eggplant (Solanum melongena) stalks as a filler ın manufacturıng of compress molded PP based composites. European Journal of Technique (EJT), 6(2), 138-144.
- Atar İ., Başboğa, İ. H., Karakus, K., Mengeloğlu, F. (2021), Effect of waste tea (Camellia sinensis) wood fibers and mape on some propertıes of high density polyethylene (HDPE) based polymer composites, Turkish Journal of Forest Science, 5(2), 606-619.
- Ayrilmis, N., Jarusombuti, S. (2011), Flat-pressed wood plastic composite as an alternative to conventional wood-based panels. Journal of composite materials, 45(1), 103-112.
- Bal B.C. (2022), Lineer düşük yoğunluklu polietilen (LDYPE) ve odun unu ile üretilen kompozit malzemenin bazı mekanik özellikleri üzerine bir araştırma, Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5 (1) , 40-49 . DOI: 10.33725/mamad.1126534
- Bhaskar, K. B., Devaraju, A., Paramasivam, A. (2021), Experimental investigation of glass powder reinforced polymer composite. Materials Today: Proceedings, 39, 484-487.
- Çavuş, V., Mengeloğlu, F. (2017), The effect of lignocellulosic filler types and concentrations on the mechanical properties of wood plastic composites produced with polypropylene having various melt flowing index (MFI), Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 23(8).
- Çavuş, V. (2020), Selected properties of mahogany wood flour filled polypropylene composites: the effect of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP), BioResources, 15(2), 2227-2236.
- Dundar, T., Ayrilmis, N., Akkus, M., Ulay, G. (2016), Effect of the marble powder and wood powder content on the technological properties of thermoplastic composites. Machines Technologies Materials, 10(6), 13-16.
- Friedrich, D. (2021), Thermoplastic moulding of Wood-Polymer Composites (WPC): A review on physical and mechanical behaviour under hot-pressing technique, Composite Structures, 262, 113649.
- Heriyanto, Pahlevani, F., Sahajwalla, V. (2018), Waste glass powder–innovative value-adding resource for hybrid wood-based products, Journal of Cleaner Production, 195, 215-225.
- Karunanayake, L. (2007), The effects of glass powder on some mechanical properties of engineering thermoplastics, Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka, 35(1).
- Kaymakci, A., Gulec, T., Hosseinihashemi, S. K., Ayrilmis, N. (2017), Physical, mechanical and thermal properties of wood/zeolite/plastic hybrid composites, Maderas Ciencia y tecnología, 19(3), 339-348.
- Kaymakci, A. (2019), Effect of titanium dioxide on some mechanical, thermal, and surface properties of wood-plastic nanocomposites. BioResources, 14(1), 1969-1979.
- Kısmet, Y. (2015), Kurutulmuş kolza bitkisinin dolgu malzemesi olarak alçak yoğunluklu polietilenin mekanik özelliklerine, yoğunluğuna ve su emme kapasitesine etkileri, Politeknik Dergisi, 18(4), 203-209.
- Kristiawan, R. B., Rusdyanto, B., Imaduddin, F., & Ariawan, D. (2022), Glass powder additive on recycled polypropylene filaments: A sustainable material in 3D printing, Polymers, 14(1), 5.
- Mengeloğlu, F., Karakuş, K. (2008), Some properties of eucalyptus wood flour filled recycled high density polyethylene polymer-composites. Turkish journal of agriculture and forestry, 32(6), 537-546.
- Mengeloğlu, F., Çavuş, V. (2020), Preparation of Thermoplastic Polyurethane-based Biocomposites through Injection Molding: Effect of the Filler Type and Content, BioResources, 15(3), 5749-5763.
- Narlıoğlu, N., Çetin, N. S., & Alma, M. H. (2018), Karaçam testere talaşının polipropilen kompozitlerin mekanik özelliklerine etkisi, Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 38-45.
- Ndiaye, D., Matuana, L. M., Morlat‐Therias, S., Vidal, L., Tidjani, A., Gardette, J. L. (2011), Thermal and mechanical properties of polypropylene/wood‐flour composites, Journal of applied polymer science, 119(6), 3321-3328.
- Örs, Y., Keskin, H., (2001). Ağaç malzeme bilgisi, Gazi üniversitesi ders kitabı, S:77, Ankara.
- Sadik, W. A., El-Demerdash, A. G. M., Abokhateeb, A. E., Elessawy, N. A. (2021), Innovative high-density polyethylene/waste glass powder composite with remarkable mechanical, thermal and recyclable properties for technical applications, Heliyon, 7(4), e06627.
- Stark, N. M., & Matuana, L. M. (2004), Surface chemistry and mechanical property changes of wood‐flour/high‐density‐polyethylene composites after accelerated weathering, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 94(6), 2263-2273.
- Tabari, H.Z., Danesh, M.A., Pia, R.H., Nourbakhsh, A., (2011), Evaluation of mechanical and morphological behaviour of polypropylene/wood fiber nanocomposite prepared by melts compounding. In: International Conference on Nanotechnology and Biosensors IPCBEE, vol. 2, pp. 1-4.
Polietilen, odun unu ve cam unu ile üretilen odun plastik kompozit malzemelerin bazı özellikleri üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma
Abstract
Odun plastik kompozit (OPK) malzemelerin üretiminde dolgu maddesi olarak çoğunlukla odun unu kullanılmaktadır. Bu konuda yapılan bilimsel çalışmalarda da farklı ağaçlardan elde edilen odun unları ve değişik yıllık bitkilerden elde edilen dolgu maddeleri kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca, bazı mineral esaslı dolgu maddeleri de plastikten üretilen malzemelerde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, geri dönüşümden elde edilen düşük yoğunluklu polietilen polimer matris olarak kullanılmıştır. Dolgu maddesi olarak Karaçam odun unu ve kullanılmış meşrubat şişelerinin öğütülmesi ile elde edilen cam unu kullanılmıştır. Kompozit levhalarda polimer matris %60 oranında ve odun unu ve cam unu ise değişen oranlarda kullanılmıştır. Üretilen kompozitlerin; yoğunluk, eğilme direnci, eğilmede elastikiyet modülü, çekme direnci, çekmede elastikiyet modülü, kopmada uzama ve Shore D sertlik değerleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre; odun unu ve cam ununun dolgu maddesi olarak eklenmesi ile yoğunluğun arttığı ve cam ununun yoğunluğu artırıcı etkisinin daha fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kontrol örneklerine kıyasla, odun unu ve cam ununun kullanıldığı deney örneklerinde, eğilme direncinin ve kopmada uzama miktarının azaldığı, eğilmede ve çekmede elastikiyet modülünün artığı belirlenmiştir.
Keywords
Project Number
2022/2-17M
References
- Akbaş, S., Tufan, M., Güleç, T., Taşçıoğlu, C., Peker, H. (2013), Fındık kabuklarının polipropilen esaslı polimer kompozit üretiminde değerlendirilmesi, Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(1), 50-56.
- Altuntaş, E., Yılmaz, E., Salan, T. (2017), Yüksek oranda lif dolgu maddesi kullanımının odun plastik kompozit malzemenin mekanik özellikleri üzerine etkisinin araştırılması. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 18(3), 258-263.
- ASTM D 638 (2022), Standard test method for tensile properties of plastics, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. 1–24 s.
- ASTM D 790 (2016), Flexural properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics and electrical insulating materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Philadelphia, PA. 1–9 s.
- ASTM D 2240 (2021), Standard test method for rubber property-durometer hardness, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, United States, 1–27 s.
- Atar İ., Başboğa, İ. H., Karakuş, K., Mengeloğlu, F. (2016), Utilization of eggplant (Solanum melongena) stalks as a filler ın manufacturıng of compress molded PP based composites. European Journal of Technique (EJT), 6(2), 138-144.
- Atar İ., Başboğa, İ. H., Karakus, K., Mengeloğlu, F. (2021), Effect of waste tea (Camellia sinensis) wood fibers and mape on some propertıes of high density polyethylene (HDPE) based polymer composites, Turkish Journal of Forest Science, 5(2), 606-619.
- Ayrilmis, N., Jarusombuti, S. (2011), Flat-pressed wood plastic composite as an alternative to conventional wood-based panels. Journal of composite materials, 45(1), 103-112.
- Bal B.C. (2022), Lineer düşük yoğunluklu polietilen (LDYPE) ve odun unu ile üretilen kompozit malzemenin bazı mekanik özellikleri üzerine bir araştırma, Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5 (1) , 40-49 . DOI: 10.33725/mamad.1126534
- Bhaskar, K. B., Devaraju, A., Paramasivam, A. (2021), Experimental investigation of glass powder reinforced polymer composite. Materials Today: Proceedings, 39, 484-487.
- Çavuş, V., Mengeloğlu, F. (2017), The effect of lignocellulosic filler types and concentrations on the mechanical properties of wood plastic composites produced with polypropylene having various melt flowing index (MFI), Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 23(8).
- Çavuş, V. (2020), Selected properties of mahogany wood flour filled polypropylene composites: the effect of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP), BioResources, 15(2), 2227-2236.
- Dundar, T., Ayrilmis, N., Akkus, M., Ulay, G. (2016), Effect of the marble powder and wood powder content on the technological properties of thermoplastic composites. Machines Technologies Materials, 10(6), 13-16.
- Friedrich, D. (2021), Thermoplastic moulding of Wood-Polymer Composites (WPC): A review on physical and mechanical behaviour under hot-pressing technique, Composite Structures, 262, 113649.
- Heriyanto, Pahlevani, F., Sahajwalla, V. (2018), Waste glass powder–innovative value-adding resource for hybrid wood-based products, Journal of Cleaner Production, 195, 215-225.
- Karunanayake, L. (2007), The effects of glass powder on some mechanical properties of engineering thermoplastics, Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka, 35(1).
- Kaymakci, A., Gulec, T., Hosseinihashemi, S. K., Ayrilmis, N. (2017), Physical, mechanical and thermal properties of wood/zeolite/plastic hybrid composites, Maderas Ciencia y tecnología, 19(3), 339-348.
- Kaymakci, A. (2019), Effect of titanium dioxide on some mechanical, thermal, and surface properties of wood-plastic nanocomposites. BioResources, 14(1), 1969-1979.
- Kısmet, Y. (2015), Kurutulmuş kolza bitkisinin dolgu malzemesi olarak alçak yoğunluklu polietilenin mekanik özelliklerine, yoğunluğuna ve su emme kapasitesine etkileri, Politeknik Dergisi, 18(4), 203-209.
- Kristiawan, R. B., Rusdyanto, B., Imaduddin, F., & Ariawan, D. (2022), Glass powder additive on recycled polypropylene filaments: A sustainable material in 3D printing, Polymers, 14(1), 5.
- Mengeloğlu, F., Karakuş, K. (2008), Some properties of eucalyptus wood flour filled recycled high density polyethylene polymer-composites. Turkish journal of agriculture and forestry, 32(6), 537-546.
- Mengeloğlu, F., Çavuş, V. (2020), Preparation of Thermoplastic Polyurethane-based Biocomposites through Injection Molding: Effect of the Filler Type and Content, BioResources, 15(3), 5749-5763.
- Narlıoğlu, N., Çetin, N. S., & Alma, M. H. (2018), Karaçam testere talaşının polipropilen kompozitlerin mekanik özelliklerine etkisi, Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 38-45.
- Ndiaye, D., Matuana, L. M., Morlat‐Therias, S., Vidal, L., Tidjani, A., Gardette, J. L. (2011), Thermal and mechanical properties of polypropylene/wood‐flour composites, Journal of applied polymer science, 119(6), 3321-3328.
- Örs, Y., Keskin, H., (2001). Ağaç malzeme bilgisi, Gazi üniversitesi ders kitabı, S:77, Ankara.
- Sadik, W. A., El-Demerdash, A. G. M., Abokhateeb, A. E., Elessawy, N. A. (2021), Innovative high-density polyethylene/waste glass powder composite with remarkable mechanical, thermal and recyclable properties for technical applications, Heliyon, 7(4), e06627.
- Stark, N. M., & Matuana, L. M. (2004), Surface chemistry and mechanical property changes of wood‐flour/high‐density‐polyethylene composites after accelerated weathering, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 94(6), 2263-2273.
- Tabari, H.Z., Danesh, M.A., Pia, R.H., Nourbakhsh, A., (2011), Evaluation of mechanical and morphological behaviour of polypropylene/wood fiber nanocomposite prepared by melts compounding. In: International Conference on Nanotechnology and Biosensors IPCBEE, vol. 2, pp. 1-4.
There are 28 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Composite and Hybrid Materials, Wood Based Composites |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | 2022/2-17M |
| Early Pub Date | June 25, 2023 |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2023 |
| Submission Date | May 23, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | June 13, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 1 |
Cited By
Some selected properties of composite material produced from plastic furniture waste and wood flour
Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.33725/mamad.1384214
Evaluation of laurel waste in thermoplastic composite production
Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.33725/mamad.1390367
International Journal