Alkil keten dimer / borik asit kombinasyonları ile emprenye edilen sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) örneklerinin boyutsal kararlılığı ve mekanik özellikleri
Abstract
Alkil Keten Dimer (AKD); ıslak mukavemet ve kâğıdın basılabilirlik özelliklerini değiştirdiği için çoğunlukla kağıt endüstrisinde kullanılır. AKD, odunun hidroksil gruplarıyla reaksiyona girer ve hidrokarbon zincirlerinin etkili bir şekilde esterleşmesine katkıda bulunur. Oduna AKD ilavesi ile boyutsal kararlılığın arttırılması hedeflenmiştir. Ayrıca çevre dostu olan bor bileşikleri ahşabın biyolojik zararlılara karşı korunmasında oldukça etkilidir. Ancak bor bileşikleri odundan kolayca yıkanabilmektedir. AKD/BA sinerjik etkisi ile birlikte bu olumsuz özelik giderilmeye çalışılıp odunun boyutsal kararlılığı arttırılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Bu çalışmada AKD (%5, %10, %18) ve borik asit (%3 BA) kombinasyonları ile emprenye edilmiş sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) odun örnekleri kullanılmıştır. Örneklerin su alma ve boyutsal kararlılıkları ile mekanik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Su alma ve boyutsal kararlılık testi için AWPA E4, liflere paralel basınç direnci için TS 2471 standartları kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre AKD/BA kombinasyonunun daha düşük su alma oranına sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Mekanik testte AKD ve BA sinerjik etkisi ile birlikte örneklerin mekanik özellikleri bir miktar iyileşmiştir.
Supporting Institution
KAROK2021
References
- Bottorff, K. J., & Sullivan, M. J. (1993). New insights into the AKD sizing mechanism. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, 8 (1), 86-95.
- Demirel, G. K., Güdül, H., Temiz, A., Kuştaş, S., & Aydın, İ. (2018). Effect of alkyl ketene dimer on the physical, mechanical, and biological durability of plywood. BioResources, 13(1), 147-156.
- Hill, C.A.S., 2006. Wood Modification Chemical Thermal and Other Processes. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 0-470-02172-1, England
- Hubbe, M.A. 2007. Paper’s resistance to wetting—A review of internal sizing chemicals and their e_ects. BioResources, 2, 106–145.
- Hundhausen, U., Militz, H., & Mai, C. (2009). Use of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) for surface modification of particleboard chips. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 67(1), 37-45.
- Köse, G., 2012. Isıl İşlem Sırasında Açığa Çıkan Katranın Odun Koruma Maddesi Olarak Kullanılabilirliği, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon.
- Kumar S. ve Morrell J.J., 1993. Wood Preservation - The Next Generation. Journal of the Timber Development Association of India, 39-3, 5-22.
- Kumar, S.; Chauhan, V.S.; Chakrabarti, S.K., 2012. Separation and analysis techniques for bound and unbound alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) in paper: A review. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 9 (2) , 1636 –1642.
- Lindstrom T, Soderberg G., 1986. On the mechanism of sizing with alkyl ketene dimers. Part 1: Studies on the amount of alkyl ketene dimer required for sizing differnt pulps. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 1(1):26
- Neimo, L.i Stryker, L. J., and Yhdistys, S.P.I., 1999. Papermaking Chemistry, TAPPI Press, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Roberts, J.C.; Garner, D.N. 1985., The mechanism of alkyl ketene dimer sizing of paper, part I. Tappi J., 68, 118–121. Seo,W.S.; Cho, N.S., 2005. Effect of water content on cellulose/AKD reaction. Appita Journal, 58 (2), 122-126.
- Seppänen, R. 2007. On the Internal Sizing Mechanisms of Paper with AKD and ASA Related to Surface Chemistry, Wettability and Friction. Ph.D. Thesis, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden,
- Shi, Z.; Fu, F.;Wang, S.; He, S.; Yang, R., 2012. Modification of Chinese fir with alkyl ketene dimer (AKD): Processing and characterization. BioResources. 8, 581–591.
- Song, X.; Chen, F.; Liu, F., 2012. Study on the reaction of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) and cellulose fiber. BioResources, 7, 652–662.
- Suttie E. ve Thompson J.H.R., 2001. Opportunites for UK Grown Timber: Wood Modification State of The Art Review. DTI Contruction Industry Directorate and Forestry Commission, Project Report Number 203-343.
- Temiz, A., Kose, G., Panov, D., Terziev N., Alma, M.H., Palanti, S. ve Akbas, S., 2013. Effect of Bio-Oil and Epoxidized Linseed Oil on Physical, Mechanical, and Biological Properties of Treated Wood, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 130, 3, 1562–1569.
- Yan, Y.; Amer, H.; Rosenau, T.; Zollfrank, C.; Dörrstein, J.; Jobst, C.; Li, J., 2016. Dry, hydrophobic microfibrillated cellulose powder obtained in a simple procedure using alkyl ketene dimer. Cellulose, 23, 1189–1197.
- Yang, Q.; Takeuchi, M.; Saito, T., Isogai, A. 2014. Formation of Nanosized Islands of Dialkyl β-Ketoester Bonds for Efficient Hydrophobization of a Cellulose Film Surface, Langmuir, 30, 8109–8118.
- Yoshida, Y.; Heux, L.; Isogai, A. 2012. Heterogeneous reaction between cellulose and alkyl ketene dimer under solvent-free conditions. Cellulose, 19, 1667–1676.
- Yoshida, Y.; Isogai, A., 2007. Preparation and characterization of cellulose _-ketoesters prepared by homogeneous reaction with alkylketene dimers: Comparison with cellulose/fatty acid esters. Cellulose, 14, 481.
- Zhang, H. 2014. Effect of a novel coupling agent, alkyl ketene dimer, on the mechanical properties of wood–plastic composites. Materials & Design, 59, 130-134.
Water absorption and mechanical properties of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood samples treated with alkyl ketene dimer / boric acid combinations
Abstract
In order to build resistance against liquids, alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) is mostly employed in paper industry because it modified some properties of the paper such as wet strength and printability. AKD gets into a reaction with wood hydroxyl groups and the subsequent orientation of hydrocarbon chains effectively contributes to esterification. Thus, the dimensional stability of wood is improved with AKD addition. Additionally, boron compounds are quite useful in wood protection as environmentally friendly chemicals and they are effective as insecticides and fungicides. On the other hand, they have negative sides such as higher water solubility and leaching. These can be prevented by combining boron compounds with AKD.
In this study, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood samples were impregnated with AKD (5%, 10%, 18%) and boric acid (3% BA) combinations. AWPA E4 standards were used for water absorption and dimensional stability test, and TS 2471 standards were used for compression strength parallel to the grain of the wood. The results indicated that AKD/BA combination had lower water absorption. In the mechanical test, the mechanical properties of the samples improved somewhat with the synergistic effect of AKD and BA.
References
- Bottorff, K. J., & Sullivan, M. J. (1993). New insights into the AKD sizing mechanism. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, 8 (1), 86-95.
- Demirel, G. K., Güdül, H., Temiz, A., Kuştaş, S., & Aydın, İ. (2018). Effect of alkyl ketene dimer on the physical, mechanical, and biological durability of plywood. BioResources, 13(1), 147-156.
- Hill, C.A.S., 2006. Wood Modification Chemical Thermal and Other Processes. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 0-470-02172-1, England
- Hubbe, M.A. 2007. Paper’s resistance to wetting—A review of internal sizing chemicals and their e_ects. BioResources, 2, 106–145.
- Hundhausen, U., Militz, H., & Mai, C. (2009). Use of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) for surface modification of particleboard chips. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 67(1), 37-45.
- Köse, G., 2012. Isıl İşlem Sırasında Açığa Çıkan Katranın Odun Koruma Maddesi Olarak Kullanılabilirliği, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon.
- Kumar S. ve Morrell J.J., 1993. Wood Preservation - The Next Generation. Journal of the Timber Development Association of India, 39-3, 5-22.
- Kumar, S.; Chauhan, V.S.; Chakrabarti, S.K., 2012. Separation and analysis techniques for bound and unbound alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) in paper: A review. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 9 (2) , 1636 –1642.
- Lindstrom T, Soderberg G., 1986. On the mechanism of sizing with alkyl ketene dimers. Part 1: Studies on the amount of alkyl ketene dimer required for sizing differnt pulps. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 1(1):26
- Neimo, L.i Stryker, L. J., and Yhdistys, S.P.I., 1999. Papermaking Chemistry, TAPPI Press, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Roberts, J.C.; Garner, D.N. 1985., The mechanism of alkyl ketene dimer sizing of paper, part I. Tappi J., 68, 118–121. Seo,W.S.; Cho, N.S., 2005. Effect of water content on cellulose/AKD reaction. Appita Journal, 58 (2), 122-126.
- Seppänen, R. 2007. On the Internal Sizing Mechanisms of Paper with AKD and ASA Related to Surface Chemistry, Wettability and Friction. Ph.D. Thesis, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden,
- Shi, Z.; Fu, F.;Wang, S.; He, S.; Yang, R., 2012. Modification of Chinese fir with alkyl ketene dimer (AKD): Processing and characterization. BioResources. 8, 581–591.
- Song, X.; Chen, F.; Liu, F., 2012. Study on the reaction of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) and cellulose fiber. BioResources, 7, 652–662.
- Suttie E. ve Thompson J.H.R., 2001. Opportunites for UK Grown Timber: Wood Modification State of The Art Review. DTI Contruction Industry Directorate and Forestry Commission, Project Report Number 203-343.
- Temiz, A., Kose, G., Panov, D., Terziev N., Alma, M.H., Palanti, S. ve Akbas, S., 2013. Effect of Bio-Oil and Epoxidized Linseed Oil on Physical, Mechanical, and Biological Properties of Treated Wood, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 130, 3, 1562–1569.
- Yan, Y.; Amer, H.; Rosenau, T.; Zollfrank, C.; Dörrstein, J.; Jobst, C.; Li, J., 2016. Dry, hydrophobic microfibrillated cellulose powder obtained in a simple procedure using alkyl ketene dimer. Cellulose, 23, 1189–1197.
- Yang, Q.; Takeuchi, M.; Saito, T., Isogai, A. 2014. Formation of Nanosized Islands of Dialkyl β-Ketoester Bonds for Efficient Hydrophobization of a Cellulose Film Surface, Langmuir, 30, 8109–8118.
- Yoshida, Y.; Heux, L.; Isogai, A. 2012. Heterogeneous reaction between cellulose and alkyl ketene dimer under solvent-free conditions. Cellulose, 19, 1667–1676.
- Yoshida, Y.; Isogai, A., 2007. Preparation and characterization of cellulose _-ketoesters prepared by homogeneous reaction with alkylketene dimers: Comparison with cellulose/fatty acid esters. Cellulose, 14, 481.
- Zhang, H. 2014. Effect of a novel coupling agent, alkyl ketene dimer, on the mechanical properties of wood–plastic composites. Materials & Design, 59, 130-134.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Forest Industry Engineering |
| Journal Section | Forest Products |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | August 31, 2022 |
| Publication Date | September 17, 2022 |
| Submission Date | March 28, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 9 Issue: Özel Sayı |
Turkish Journal of Forestry Research is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.