Research Article
Year 2023,
Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 2086 - 2094, 04.12.2023
Abstract
Bu makalede, mikrodalga yama antenleri kullanarak deniz kumu içeren çimento esaslı kompoziti ayırt eden bir sistem önerilmektedir. Deniz kumu kullanılan kompozit betonlar çelik takviyeli yapılarda kullanıldığında hayati tehlike oluşturabilecek hasarlara neden olabileceğinden inşaat mühendisliği sektöründe büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Öncelikle deniz kumu içeren çimento esaslı kompoziti analiz etmek için %0, %25, %50, %75 ve %100 klor iyonize deniz kumu içeren beton numuneleri üretilmiş ve kompleks dielektrik ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca mikrodalga simülatöründe 2 adet 2.45GHz yama anteni tasarlanmış ve beton modellere entegre edilmiştir. Ayrıca, simüle edilmiş sonuçlar, bu yaklaşımın yaklaşık 30MHz rezonans kaymalarına sahip bir sensör olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. Son olarak önerilen sistem deneysel araştırmalarla desteklenmiştir. Bu tip konfigürasyon, kolay tasarım, kolay imalat, ucuz ve esnekten tahribatsız çimento bazlı kompozit beton ölçümlerine kadar birçok avantaja sahiptir.
Keywords
References
- ACI committee 222, Protection of metals in concrete against corrosion ACI 222R-01, Farmington Hills 2001.
- Altintaş, O., Aksoy, M., Ünal, E., Karaaslan, M. Chemical liquid and transformer oil condition sensor based on metamaterial-inspired labyrinth resonator. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 2019; 166(6), B482.
- Angst, U. M. Predicting the time to corrosion initiation in reinforced concrete structures exposed to chlorides. Cement and Concrete Research 2019; 115, 559-567.
- Arya, C., Buenfeld, N. R., Newman, J. B. Assessment of simple methods of determining the free chloride ion content of cement paste. Cement and Concrete Research 1987; 17(6), 907-918.
- Bilcik, J., & Holly, I. Effect of reinforcement corrosion on bond behaviour. Procedia Engineering 2013; 65, 248-253.
- Bonta, M., Eitzenberger, A., Burtscher, S., Limbeck, A. Quantification of chloride in concrete samples using LA-ICP-MS. Cement and Concrete Research 2016; 86, 78-84.
- Cui, G., Bi, Z., Zhang, R., Liu, J., Yu, X., Li, Z. A comprehensive review on graphene-based anti-corrosive coatings. Chemical Engineering Journal 2019; 373, 104-121.
- Derobert, X., Villain, G., Balayssac, J. P. Influence of concrete carbonation on electromagnetic permittivity measured by GPR and capacitive techniques. Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 2018; 23(4), 443-456.
- Dexing, L., Enyuan, W., Xiangguo, K., Shuai, Z., Yanhui, K., Xiaoran, W., ... & Quanlin, L. Mechanical properties and electromagnetic radiation characteristics of concrete specimens after exposed to elevated temperatures. Construction and Building Materials 2018; 188, 381-390.
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- Guihard, V., Taillade, F., Balayssac, J. P., Steck, B., Sanahuja, J., Deby, F. Prediction of Cement-Based Materials' Water Content with the Use of Electromagnetic Homogenisation Schemes. In 2018 Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS-Toyama) 2018; pp. 164-168.
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- Kim, H., Kang, D., Oh, S. J., Joo, C. Nondestructive evaluation on dispersion of steel fibers in UHPC using THz electromagnetic waves. Construction and Building Materials 2018; 172, 293-299.
- Lee, J. H., Kim, J. S., Min, B. H., Kim, S. T., Kim, J. H. Determination of anions in certified reference materials by ion chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A 1998; 813(1), 85-90.
- Lu, X. Application of the Nernst-Einstein equation to concrete. Cement and Concrete Research 1997; 27(2), 293-302.
- Song, J., Li, Y., Xu, W., Liu, H., & Lu, Y. Inexpensive and non-fluorinated superhydrophobic concrete coating for anti-icing and anti-corrosion. Journal of colloid and interface science 2019; 541, 86-92.
- Standard for technical requirements and test method of sand and crushed stone (or gravel) for ordinary concrete JGJ 52-2006, Beijing 2006.
- Shen, P., Liu, Z. Study on the hydration of young concrete based on dielectric property measurement. Construction and Building Materials 2019; 196, 354-361.
- Sun, B., Xiao, R. C., Guo, J., Zhao, Q. Probabilistic chloride penetration models and corrosion initiation probability of RC bridge based on long-term test data. Journal of Bridge Engineering 2019; 24(4), 04019012.
- Stanish, K. D., Hooton, R. D., Thomas, M. D. A. Testing the chloride penetration resistance of concrete: a literature review, TRID 1997.
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- Watanabe, A., Furukawa, H., Miyamoto, S., Minagawa, H. Non-destructive chemical analysis of water and chlorine content in cement paste using near-infrared spectroscopy. Construction and Building Materials 2019; 196, 95-104.
- Xiao, J., Qiang, C., Nanni, A., & Zhang, K. Use of sea-sand and seawater in concrete construction: Current status and future opportunities. Construction and Building Materials 2017; 155, 1101-1111.
- Zhang, R., Liu, P., Ma, L., Yang, Z., Chen, H., Zhu, H. X., ... & Li, J. Research on the corrosion/permeability/frost resistance of concrete by experimental and microscopic mechanisms under different water–binder ratios. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials 2020; 14(1), 1-11.
- Zhang, Q., XI, D. Analysis of Testing Methods for Chloride Ion Permeability in Marine Concrete. In 2016 International Forum on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development 2016; pp. 55-62.
- Zheng, J. J., Zhang, J., Zhou, X. Z., Wu, Y. F., Ye, Y. M., Wang, Y. H. A three-step analytical scheme for estimating the steady-state chloride diffusion coefficient of mature cement paste. Construction and Building Materials 2018; 191, 1004-1010.
- Zhou, S., Sheng, W., Deng, F., Wu, X., Fu, Z. A novel passive wireless sensing method for concrete chloride ion concentration monitoring. Sensors 2017; 17(12), 2871.
Direct Analysis of Chlorine Ionized Cement-Based Composites and Its Sensor Application By 2,5GHz Antennas
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a system that discriminate cement-based composite including sea sand by using microwave patch antennas. The composites with sea sand have vital importance in construction engineering industry because ionised steel reinforced composites could cause life threatening damages. Firstly, to analyse cement-based composite including sea sand, 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% chlorine ionised sea sand containing concrete samples were produced and complex dielectric measurements were conducted. In addition, two 2.45GHz patch antennas were designed in microwave simulator and also it was integrated to the concrete models. Furthermore, simulated results shows that this approach could be used as a sensor with nearly 30MHz resonance shifts. Finally, proposed system was supported by experimental investigation. This type of configuration has many advantages as easy design, easy fabrication, cheap and flexible to non-destructive cement based composite measurements.
Keywords
References
- ACI committee 222, Protection of metals in concrete against corrosion ACI 222R-01, Farmington Hills 2001.
- Altintaş, O., Aksoy, M., Ünal, E., Karaaslan, M. Chemical liquid and transformer oil condition sensor based on metamaterial-inspired labyrinth resonator. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 2019; 166(6), B482.
- Angst, U. M. Predicting the time to corrosion initiation in reinforced concrete structures exposed to chlorides. Cement and Concrete Research 2019; 115, 559-567.
- Arya, C., Buenfeld, N. R., Newman, J. B. Assessment of simple methods of determining the free chloride ion content of cement paste. Cement and Concrete Research 1987; 17(6), 907-918.
- Bilcik, J., & Holly, I. Effect of reinforcement corrosion on bond behaviour. Procedia Engineering 2013; 65, 248-253.
- Bonta, M., Eitzenberger, A., Burtscher, S., Limbeck, A. Quantification of chloride in concrete samples using LA-ICP-MS. Cement and Concrete Research 2016; 86, 78-84.
- Cui, G., Bi, Z., Zhang, R., Liu, J., Yu, X., Li, Z. A comprehensive review on graphene-based anti-corrosive coatings. Chemical Engineering Journal 2019; 373, 104-121.
- Derobert, X., Villain, G., Balayssac, J. P. Influence of concrete carbonation on electromagnetic permittivity measured by GPR and capacitive techniques. Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 2018; 23(4), 443-456.
- Dexing, L., Enyuan, W., Xiangguo, K., Shuai, Z., Yanhui, K., Xiaoran, W., ... & Quanlin, L. Mechanical properties and electromagnetic radiation characteristics of concrete specimens after exposed to elevated temperatures. Construction and Building Materials 2018; 188, 381-390.
- Drilled T., Statements B., Equipment S., Drill R.I., T. ASTM C1152: Standard Test Method for Acid-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete, Am. Soc. Test. Mater. 2004.
- Drilled T., Statements B., Standard Test Method for Water-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete 1, Practice 2012.
- Foudazi, A., Donnell, K. M. Design of a microstrip patch antenna for microwave sensing of petroleum production lines. In 2017 United States National Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting (USNC-URSI NRSM) 2017; (pp. 1-2). IEEE.
- Guihard, V., Taillade, F., Balayssac, J. P., Steck, B., Sanahuja, J., Deby, F. Prediction of Cement-Based Materials' Water Content with the Use of Electromagnetic Homogenisation Schemes. In 2018 Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS-Toyama) 2018; pp. 164-168.
- Japanese Architectural Standard Specification 5 (JASS 5), English Version, 10th ed., Architectural Institute of Japan 1993.
- James, A., Bazarchi, E., Chiniforush, A. A., Aghdam, P. P., Hosseini, M. R., Akbarnezhad, A., ... & Ghodoosi, F. Rebar corrosion detection, protection, and rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures in coastal environments: A review. Construction and Building Materials 2019; 224, 1026-1039.
- Kim, H., Kang, D., Oh, S. J., Joo, C. Nondestructive evaluation on dispersion of steel fibers in UHPC using THz electromagnetic waves. Construction and Building Materials 2018; 172, 293-299.
- Lee, J. H., Kim, J. S., Min, B. H., Kim, S. T., Kim, J. H. Determination of anions in certified reference materials by ion chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A 1998; 813(1), 85-90.
- Lu, X. Application of the Nernst-Einstein equation to concrete. Cement and Concrete Research 1997; 27(2), 293-302.
- Song, J., Li, Y., Xu, W., Liu, H., & Lu, Y. Inexpensive and non-fluorinated superhydrophobic concrete coating for anti-icing and anti-corrosion. Journal of colloid and interface science 2019; 541, 86-92.
- Standard for technical requirements and test method of sand and crushed stone (or gravel) for ordinary concrete JGJ 52-2006, Beijing 2006.
- Shen, P., Liu, Z. Study on the hydration of young concrete based on dielectric property measurement. Construction and Building Materials 2019; 196, 354-361.
- Sun, B., Xiao, R. C., Guo, J., Zhao, Q. Probabilistic chloride penetration models and corrosion initiation probability of RC bridge based on long-term test data. Journal of Bridge Engineering 2019; 24(4), 04019012.
- Stanish, K. D., Hooton, R. D., Thomas, M. D. A. Testing the chloride penetration resistance of concrete: a literature review, TRID 1997.
- Teng, K. H., Kot, P., Muradov, M., Shaw, A., Hashim, K., Gkantou, M., Al-Shamma’a, A. Embedded smart antenna for non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) of moisture content and deterioration in concrete. Sensors 2019; 19(3), 547.
- Watanabe, A., Furukawa, H., Miyamoto, S., Minagawa, H. Non-destructive chemical analysis of water and chlorine content in cement paste using near-infrared spectroscopy. Construction and Building Materials 2019; 196, 95-104.
- Xiao, J., Qiang, C., Nanni, A., & Zhang, K. Use of sea-sand and seawater in concrete construction: Current status and future opportunities. Construction and Building Materials 2017; 155, 1101-1111.
- Zhang, R., Liu, P., Ma, L., Yang, Z., Chen, H., Zhu, H. X., ... & Li, J. Research on the corrosion/permeability/frost resistance of concrete by experimental and microscopic mechanisms under different water–binder ratios. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials 2020; 14(1), 1-11.
- Zhang, Q., XI, D. Analysis of Testing Methods for Chloride Ion Permeability in Marine Concrete. In 2016 International Forum on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development 2016; pp. 55-62.
- Zheng, J. J., Zhang, J., Zhou, X. Z., Wu, Y. F., Ye, Y. M., Wang, Y. H. A three-step analytical scheme for estimating the steady-state chloride diffusion coefficient of mature cement paste. Construction and Building Materials 2018; 191, 1004-1010.
- Zhou, S., Sheng, W., Deng, F., Wu, X., Fu, Z. A novel passive wireless sensing method for concrete chloride ion concentration monitoring. Sensors 2017; 17(12), 2871.
There are 30 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Civil Engineering |
| Journal Section | RESEARCH ARTICLES |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 4, 2023 |
| Submission Date | March 14, 2022 |
| Acceptance Date | November 5, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 3 |
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