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Lignin sülfonat esaslı yapı kimyasalların taze ve sertleşmiş betona olan etkilerinin incelenmesi

Year 2016, Volume: 22 Issue: 6, 478 - 485, 20.12.2016

Cevdet Emin Ekinci Sevil Ay Nurdan Baykuş Adem Ay

Abstract

Bu
çalışmada, lignin sülfonat esaslı yapı kimyasalların betonun taze ve sertleşmiş
özelliklerine olan etkileri kimyasal katkı maddelerin bir kıyaslaması yapılarak
incelenmiştir. C25/30 ve C20/25 hedef beton sınıfı için çimento ve kimyasal
katkı miktarı sabit; su ve agrega miktarında değişiklik yapılmıştır. Betonların
basınç dayanım değerleri 1., 7. ve 28. günlerde alınmıştır. Bütün beton
numunelerinin 1., 7. ve 28 günlük basınç dayanımlarında önemli artış
gözlemlenmiştir. 1. Grup çalışma ÇF1 firmasından temin edilen Cem I 42.5 R tipi
çimento ile C25/30 ve 2. Grup çalışma ise ÇF2 firmasından temin edilen Cem II
32.5 N tipi çimento ile C20/25 dayanım sınıfı hedeflenmiştir. 1. Grup çalışmada
karma su miktarı en az %10.8 düzeyinde bir azaltmanın 2. Grup çalışmada ise en
az %8.1 azaltmanın olabileceği ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, lignin
sülfonat esaslı yapı kimyasalı kullanımının taze betonun kıvam, sıcaklık ve
birim ağırlık gibi özelliklerde meydana gelen değişikliklerin betonun basınç
dayanımı gelişimini olumsuz yönde etkilemediği anlaşılmıştır.

Keywords

Beton Lignin sülfonat Çimento Kıvam Beton sıcaklığı

References

  • Neville AM. Properties of Concrete. Revised ed. Great Britanian, Bath, Pitman Publishing, 1977.
  • Gambhir ML. Concrete Technology. New Delhi, TataMcGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd, 1996.
  • Ekinci CE. Bordo Kitap-Yapı ve Tasarımcının İnşaat El Kitabı. Ankara, Türkiye, Data Yayınları, 2008.
  • Yaltay N, Ekinci CE, Çakır T, Oto B. “Photon, attenuation properties of concrete produced with pumice aggregate and colamanite addition in different ratesand the effect of curing age tothese properties”. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 78, 25-35, 2015.
  • Ekinci CE, Keleşoğlu Ö. “A study on occupancy and compressive strength of concrete with produced injection method”. Advences in Materials Science and Engineering, 2014, 1-8, 2014.
  • Yıldırım ST, Ekinci CE, Fındık F. “Properties of hydrid fiber reinforced concreteunder repeated impact loads”. Russian Journal of Nondesstructive Testing, 46(7), 538-546, 2010.
  • Özkul MH, Şahin YE, Sağlam AR, Parlak N. “Farklı kimyasal kökenli lignosüfonatların betonun dayanıklılık özelliklerine etkileri”. 5. Ulusal Beton Kongresi, İstanbul, Türkiye, 1-3 Ekim 2003.
  • Andersen PJ, Roy DM, Gaidis JM, Grace WR. “The effects of adsorption of superplasticizers on the surface of cement”. Cement Concrete Research, 17(5), 805-813, 1987.
  • Winnefeld F, Becker S, Pakusch J, Go¨tz T. “Effects of the molecular architecture of comb-shaped superplasticizers on their performance in cementitious systems”. Cement Concrete Composites, 29(4), 251-262, 2007.
  • Chiocchio G, Paolini AE. “Optimum time for adding superplasticizer to portland cement pastes”. Cement Concrete Research,15(5), 901-908, 1985.
  • Kaplan G, Ozturk AU, Yıldızel SA, Yaprak H. “Dissolution properties of different types of plasticizers and ınvestigation of their ımpact on mortars via variance analysis (ANOVA)”. Usak University Journal of Material Sciences, 2, 208-225, 2014.
  • El-Gamal SMA, Al-Nowaiser FM, Al-Baity AO. “Effect of superplasticizers on the hydration kinetic and mechanical properties of portland cement pastes”. Journal of Advanced Research, 3(2), 119-124, 2012.
  • Kockal NU. “Role of construction industry wastes on the properties of mortars”. The Online Journal of Science and Technology, 3(4), 109-114, 2013.
  • El Husseiny FL. “Physico-mechanical characteristics of admixed cement pastes containing melment”. Ceramic Science Technology, 67(1-2), 3-7, 2002.
  • Singh NB, Sarvahi R, Singh NP, Shukla AK. “Effect of temperature on the hydration of ordinary portland cement in the presence of a superplasticizer”. Thermochim Acta, 247(2), 381-388, 1994.
  • Emoto T, Bier TA. “Rheological behavior as ınfluenced by plasticizers and hydration kinetics”. Cement and Concrete Research, 37(5), 647-654, 2007.
  • Macias A, Goni S. “Characterization of admixture as plasticizer or superplasticizer by deflocculation test”. ACI Materials Journal, 96(1), 40-46, 1999.
  • Chandra S, Bjo¨rnstro¨m J. “Influence of cement and superplasticizers type and dosage on the fluidity of cement mortars-part I”. Cement and Concrete Research, 32(10), 1605-1611, 2002.
  • Chandra S, Bjo¨rnstro¨m J. “Influence of superplasticizer type and dosage on the slump loss of portland cement mortars-part II”. Cement and Concrete Research, 32(10), 1613-16192002.
  • Gu P, Xie P, Beaudoin JJ, Jolicoeur C. “Investigation of the retarding effect of superplasticizers on cement hydration by impedance spectroscopy and other methods”. Cement Concrete Research, 24(3), 433-442, 1994.
  • Sakai E, Kasuga T, Sugiyama T, Asaga K, Daimon M. “Influence of superplasticizers on the hydration of cement and the pore structure of hardened cement”. Cement Concrete Research, 36(11), 2049-2053, 2006.
  • Hsu KC, Chiu JJ, Chen SD, Tseng YC. “Effect of addition time of a superplasticizer on cement adsorption and on concrete workability”. Cement and Concrete Composites, 21(5-6), 425-430, 1999.
  • Krstulovic´ R, Zˇmikic´ A, Dabic´ P. “Examination of reaction between the nsf superplasticizer and cement”. Cement Concrete Research, 24(5), 948-58, 1994.
  • Yoshioka K, Tazawa EI, Kawai K, Enohata T. “Adsorption characteristics of superplasticizers on cement component minerals”. Cement Concrete Research, 32(10), 1507-1513, 2002.
  • Puertas F, Santos H, Palacios M, Martı´nez Ramı´rez S. “Polycarboxylate superplasticizer admixtures: effect on hydration, microstructure and rheological behaviour in cement pastes”. Advances in Cement Research, 17(2), 77-89, 2005.
  • Hazaree CV, Ceylan H, Peter T, Gopalakrishnan K, Wang K, Bektas F. “Use of Chemical Admixtures in Roller-Compacted Concrete for Pavements”. Ames, Lowa . Iowa State University, USA, In Trans Project Reports, 57, 2013.Colak A. “Characteristics of pastes from a portland cement containing different amounts of natural pozzolan”. Cement and Concrete Research, 33(4), 585-593, 2003.
  • Colak A. “Properties of plain and latex modified portland cement pastes and concretes with and without superplasticizer”. Cement Concrete Research, 35(8), 1510-1521, 2005.
  • Yousuf M, Mollah A, Palta P, Hess TR, Vempati RK, Cocke DL. “Chemical and physical effects of sodium lignosulfonate superplasticizer on the hydration of portland cement and solidification/stabilization consequences”. Cement Concrete Research, 25(3), 671-682, 1995.
  • El Gamal SMA. “Effect of acrylate-PEG superplasticizer on the mechanical and physico-chemical properties of blended cement pastes containing condensed silica fume”. Silicantes Industriels, 70(1), 19-23, 2005.
  • Asmus SJ. Kluegge J, Yang J. “Influence of a new family of chemical admixtures to properties of fresh and hardened concrete”. 31st Conference on Our World in Concrete & Structures, Singapore, 16-17 August 2006.
  • Bouzoubaaˆ N, Zhang MH, Malhotra VM. “Superplasticized portland cement: production and compressive strength of mortars and concrete”. Cement Concrete Research. 28(12),1783-1796, 1998.
  • Singh NB, Sarvahi R, Singh NP. “Effect of superplasticizers on the hydration of cement”. Cement Concrete Research, 22(5), 725-735, 1992.
  • Łaźniewska-Piekarczyk B. “Influence of anti-foaming admixture and polycarboxylic superplasticzer type on fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting mortar”. Magazine Journal, 4, 61-71, 2010.
  • Abo El Enein SA, Daimon M, Ohsawa S, Kondo R. “Hydration of low porosity slag-lime pastes”. Cement Concrete Research, 4(2), 299-312, 1974.
  • Andersen PJ, Roy DM, Gaidis JM. “The effect of superplasticizer molecular weight on its adsorption on, and dispersion of cement”. Cement Concrete Research 18(6), 980-986, 1988.
  • Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. “Beton, Özellik, Performans, İmalat, Uygunluk”. Ankara, Türkiye, 206, 2014.
  • Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. “Kimyasal Katkılar-Beton, Harç ve Şerbet İçin-Deney Metotları-Bölüm 1: Deneyler İçin Şahit Beton ve Şahit Harç”. Ankara, Türkiye, 480-1-8, 2001.
  • Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. “Kimyasal Katkılar-Beton, Harç ve Şerbet İçin-Bölüm 2: Beton Kimyasal Katkıları-Tarifler, Gerekler, Uygunluk, İşaretleme ve Etiketleme”. Ankara, Türkiye, 934-2, 2011.
  • Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. “Agregaların Geometrik Özellikleri İçin Deneyler. Bölüm 1: Tane Büyüklüğü Dağılımı Tayini-Eleme Metodu (TS3530)”. Ankara, Türkiye, 3530, 933-1, 2012.
  • Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. “Taze Betonda Birim Ağırlık, Verim ve Hava Miktarının Ağırlık Yöntemiyle Tayini. Ankara, Türkiye, 2941, 1998.
  • Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. “Laboratuvarda Beton Deney Numunelerinin Hazırlanması ve Bakımı”. Ankara, Türkiye, 3068, 1978.
  • Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. “Kimyasal Katkılar-Beton, Harç ve Şerbet İçin-Deney Metotları-Bölüm 4. Betonda Terleme Miktarının Tayini”. Ankara, Türkiye, 480, 2008.
  • Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. “Beton-Taze Beton Deneyleri, Bölüm 2: Çökme (Slump) Deneyi”. Ankara, Türkiye, 12350-2, 2010.
  • Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. “Beton-Taze Beton Deneyleri-Bölüm 6: Yoğunluk”. Ankara, Türkiye, 12350-6, 2002.
  • Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. “Beton-Taze Beton Deneyleri-Bölüm 7: Hava Muhtevasının Tayini-Basınç Yöntemleri”. Ankara, Türkiye, 12350-7, 2010.

Examination of the impact of lignin sulfonate based structure chemicals on fresh and hardened concrete

Year 2016, Volume: 22 Issue: 6, 478 - 485, 20.12.2016

Cevdet Emin Ekinci Sevil Ay Nurdan Baykuş Adem Ay

Abstract

In
this study, the impact of the addition of lignin sulfonate based chemicals on
the properties of fresh and hardened concrete were examined. For C25/30 and
C20/25 target class concretes, cement and chemical additive amounts were
constant; changes were made only to water and aggregate amounts. Compressive
strength values of the concretes were taken on the 1st, 7th
and 28th days. Increases of compressive strength values were
observed on days 1, 7, and 28. In the 1st study, in which C25/30 strength class
was targeted for Cem I 42.5 R type cement provided by firm CF1, it was revealed
that a 10.8% decrease in mixed water amount may occur. In the 2nd
study, in which C20/25 strength class was targeted for Cem II 32.5 N type
cement provided by firm CF2, it was revealed that a minimum 8.1% decrease may
occur. In conclusion, although changes to viscosity, heat and unit weight of
fresh concrete are caused by usage of lignin sulfonate based chemicals, they
had no adverse effect on compressive strength of the concrete in this study.

Keywords

Concrete Lignin sulfonate Cement Viscosity Concrete heat

References

  • Neville AM. Properties of Concrete. Revised ed. Great Britanian, Bath, Pitman Publishing, 1977.
  • Gambhir ML. Concrete Technology. New Delhi, TataMcGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd, 1996.
  • Ekinci CE. Bordo Kitap-Yapı ve Tasarımcının İnşaat El Kitabı. Ankara, Türkiye, Data Yayınları, 2008.
  • Yaltay N, Ekinci CE, Çakır T, Oto B. “Photon, attenuation properties of concrete produced with pumice aggregate and colamanite addition in different ratesand the effect of curing age tothese properties”. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 78, 25-35, 2015.
  • Ekinci CE, Keleşoğlu Ö. “A study on occupancy and compressive strength of concrete with produced injection method”. Advences in Materials Science and Engineering, 2014, 1-8, 2014.
  • Yıldırım ST, Ekinci CE, Fındık F. “Properties of hydrid fiber reinforced concreteunder repeated impact loads”. Russian Journal of Nondesstructive Testing, 46(7), 538-546, 2010.
  • Özkul MH, Şahin YE, Sağlam AR, Parlak N. “Farklı kimyasal kökenli lignosüfonatların betonun dayanıklılık özelliklerine etkileri”. 5. Ulusal Beton Kongresi, İstanbul, Türkiye, 1-3 Ekim 2003.
  • Andersen PJ, Roy DM, Gaidis JM, Grace WR. “The effects of adsorption of superplasticizers on the surface of cement”. Cement Concrete Research, 17(5), 805-813, 1987.
  • Winnefeld F, Becker S, Pakusch J, Go¨tz T. “Effects of the molecular architecture of comb-shaped superplasticizers on their performance in cementitious systems”. Cement Concrete Composites, 29(4), 251-262, 2007.
  • Chiocchio G, Paolini AE. “Optimum time for adding superplasticizer to portland cement pastes”. Cement Concrete Research,15(5), 901-908, 1985.
  • Kaplan G, Ozturk AU, Yıldızel SA, Yaprak H. “Dissolution properties of different types of plasticizers and ınvestigation of their ımpact on mortars via variance analysis (ANOVA)”. Usak University Journal of Material Sciences, 2, 208-225, 2014.
  • El-Gamal SMA, Al-Nowaiser FM, Al-Baity AO. “Effect of superplasticizers on the hydration kinetic and mechanical properties of portland cement pastes”. Journal of Advanced Research, 3(2), 119-124, 2012.
  • Kockal NU. “Role of construction industry wastes on the properties of mortars”. The Online Journal of Science and Technology, 3(4), 109-114, 2013.
  • El Husseiny FL. “Physico-mechanical characteristics of admixed cement pastes containing melment”. Ceramic Science Technology, 67(1-2), 3-7, 2002.
  • Singh NB, Sarvahi R, Singh NP, Shukla AK. “Effect of temperature on the hydration of ordinary portland cement in the presence of a superplasticizer”. Thermochim Acta, 247(2), 381-388, 1994.
  • Emoto T, Bier TA. “Rheological behavior as ınfluenced by plasticizers and hydration kinetics”. Cement and Concrete Research, 37(5), 647-654, 2007.
  • Macias A, Goni S. “Characterization of admixture as plasticizer or superplasticizer by deflocculation test”. ACI Materials Journal, 96(1), 40-46, 1999.
  • Chandra S, Bjo¨rnstro¨m J. “Influence of cement and superplasticizers type and dosage on the fluidity of cement mortars-part I”. Cement and Concrete Research, 32(10), 1605-1611, 2002.
  • Chandra S, Bjo¨rnstro¨m J. “Influence of superplasticizer type and dosage on the slump loss of portland cement mortars-part II”. Cement and Concrete Research, 32(10), 1613-16192002.
  • Gu P, Xie P, Beaudoin JJ, Jolicoeur C. “Investigation of the retarding effect of superplasticizers on cement hydration by impedance spectroscopy and other methods”. Cement Concrete Research, 24(3), 433-442, 1994.
  • Sakai E, Kasuga T, Sugiyama T, Asaga K, Daimon M. “Influence of superplasticizers on the hydration of cement and the pore structure of hardened cement”. Cement Concrete Research, 36(11), 2049-2053, 2006.
  • Hsu KC, Chiu JJ, Chen SD, Tseng YC. “Effect of addition time of a superplasticizer on cement adsorption and on concrete workability”. Cement and Concrete Composites, 21(5-6), 425-430, 1999.
  • Krstulovic´ R, Zˇmikic´ A, Dabic´ P. “Examination of reaction between the nsf superplasticizer and cement”. Cement Concrete Research, 24(5), 948-58, 1994.
  • Yoshioka K, Tazawa EI, Kawai K, Enohata T. “Adsorption characteristics of superplasticizers on cement component minerals”. Cement Concrete Research, 32(10), 1507-1513, 2002.
  • Puertas F, Santos H, Palacios M, Martı´nez Ramı´rez S. “Polycarboxylate superplasticizer admixtures: effect on hydration, microstructure and rheological behaviour in cement pastes”. Advances in Cement Research, 17(2), 77-89, 2005.
  • Hazaree CV, Ceylan H, Peter T, Gopalakrishnan K, Wang K, Bektas F. “Use of Chemical Admixtures in Roller-Compacted Concrete for Pavements”. Ames, Lowa . Iowa State University, USA, In Trans Project Reports, 57, 2013.Colak A. “Characteristics of pastes from a portland cement containing different amounts of natural pozzolan”. Cement and Concrete Research, 33(4), 585-593, 2003.
  • Colak A. “Properties of plain and latex modified portland cement pastes and concretes with and without superplasticizer”. Cement Concrete Research, 35(8), 1510-1521, 2005.
  • Yousuf M, Mollah A, Palta P, Hess TR, Vempati RK, Cocke DL. “Chemical and physical effects of sodium lignosulfonate superplasticizer on the hydration of portland cement and solidification/stabilization consequences”. Cement Concrete Research, 25(3), 671-682, 1995.
  • El Gamal SMA. “Effect of acrylate-PEG superplasticizer on the mechanical and physico-chemical properties of blended cement pastes containing condensed silica fume”. Silicantes Industriels, 70(1), 19-23, 2005.
  • Asmus SJ. Kluegge J, Yang J. “Influence of a new family of chemical admixtures to properties of fresh and hardened concrete”. 31st Conference on Our World in Concrete & Structures, Singapore, 16-17 August 2006.
  • Bouzoubaaˆ N, Zhang MH, Malhotra VM. “Superplasticized portland cement: production and compressive strength of mortars and concrete”. Cement Concrete Research. 28(12),1783-1796, 1998.
  • Singh NB, Sarvahi R, Singh NP. “Effect of superplasticizers on the hydration of cement”. Cement Concrete Research, 22(5), 725-735, 1992.
  • Łaźniewska-Piekarczyk B. “Influence of anti-foaming admixture and polycarboxylic superplasticzer type on fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting mortar”. Magazine Journal, 4, 61-71, 2010.
  • Abo El Enein SA, Daimon M, Ohsawa S, Kondo R. “Hydration of low porosity slag-lime pastes”. Cement Concrete Research, 4(2), 299-312, 1974.
  • Andersen PJ, Roy DM, Gaidis JM. “The effect of superplasticizer molecular weight on its adsorption on, and dispersion of cement”. Cement Concrete Research 18(6), 980-986, 1988.
  • Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. “Beton, Özellik, Performans, İmalat, Uygunluk”. Ankara, Türkiye, 206, 2014.
  • Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. “Kimyasal Katkılar-Beton, Harç ve Şerbet İçin-Deney Metotları-Bölüm 1: Deneyler İçin Şahit Beton ve Şahit Harç”. Ankara, Türkiye, 480-1-8, 2001.
  • Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. “Kimyasal Katkılar-Beton, Harç ve Şerbet İçin-Bölüm 2: Beton Kimyasal Katkıları-Tarifler, Gerekler, Uygunluk, İşaretleme ve Etiketleme”. Ankara, Türkiye, 934-2, 2011.
  • Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. “Agregaların Geometrik Özellikleri İçin Deneyler. Bölüm 1: Tane Büyüklüğü Dağılımı Tayini-Eleme Metodu (TS3530)”. Ankara, Türkiye, 3530, 933-1, 2012.
  • Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. “Taze Betonda Birim Ağırlık, Verim ve Hava Miktarının Ağırlık Yöntemiyle Tayini. Ankara, Türkiye, 2941, 1998.
  • Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. “Laboratuvarda Beton Deney Numunelerinin Hazırlanması ve Bakımı”. Ankara, Türkiye, 3068, 1978.
  • Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. “Kimyasal Katkılar-Beton, Harç ve Şerbet İçin-Deney Metotları-Bölüm 4. Betonda Terleme Miktarının Tayini”. Ankara, Türkiye, 480, 2008.
  • Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. “Beton-Taze Beton Deneyleri, Bölüm 2: Çökme (Slump) Deneyi”. Ankara, Türkiye, 12350-2, 2010.
  • Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. “Beton-Taze Beton Deneyleri-Bölüm 6: Yoğunluk”. Ankara, Türkiye, 12350-6, 2002.
  • Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. “Beton-Taze Beton Deneyleri-Bölüm 7: Hava Muhtevasının Tayini-Basınç Yöntemleri”. Ankara, Türkiye, 12350-7, 2010.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Cevdet Emin Ekinci

Sevil Ay

Nurdan Baykuş

Adem Ay This is me

Publication Date December 20, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 22 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Ekinci, C. E., Ay, S., Baykuş, N., Ay, A. (2016). Lignin sülfonat esaslı yapı kimyasalların taze ve sertleşmiş betona olan etkilerinin incelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(6), 478-485.
AMA Ekinci CE, Ay S, Baykuş N, Ay A. Lignin sülfonat esaslı yapı kimyasalların taze ve sertleşmiş betona olan etkilerinin incelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. December 2016;22(6):478-485.
Chicago Ekinci, Cevdet Emin, Sevil Ay, Nurdan Baykuş, and Adem Ay. “Lignin sülfonat Esaslı Yapı kimyasalların Taze Ve sertleşmiş Betona Olan Etkilerinin Incelenmesi”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 22, no. 6 (December 2016): 478-85.
EndNote Ekinci CE, Ay S, Baykuş N, Ay A (December 1, 2016) Lignin sülfonat esaslı yapı kimyasalların taze ve sertleşmiş betona olan etkilerinin incelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 22 6 478–485.
IEEE C. E. Ekinci, S. Ay, N. Baykuş, and A. Ay, “Lignin sülfonat esaslı yapı kimyasalların taze ve sertleşmiş betona olan etkilerinin incelenmesi”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 478–485, 2016.
ISNAD Ekinci, Cevdet Emin et al. “Lignin sülfonat Esaslı Yapı kimyasalların Taze Ve sertleşmiş Betona Olan Etkilerinin Incelenmesi”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 22/6 (December 2016), 478-485.
JAMA Ekinci CE, Ay S, Baykuş N, Ay A. Lignin sülfonat esaslı yapı kimyasalların taze ve sertleşmiş betona olan etkilerinin incelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2016;22:478–485.
MLA Ekinci, Cevdet Emin et al. “Lignin sülfonat Esaslı Yapı kimyasalların Taze Ve sertleşmiş Betona Olan Etkilerinin Incelenmesi”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 22, no. 6, 2016, pp. 478-85.
Vancouver Ekinci CE, Ay S, Baykuş N, Ay A. Lignin sülfonat esaslı yapı kimyasalların taze ve sertleşmiş betona olan etkilerinin incelenmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2016;22(6):478-85.

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