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Comparison of Cost and Benefit Analysis of Active Leakage Control Applications in Water Distribution Systems

Year 2023, Volume: 03 Issue: 02, 76 - 85, 31.12.2023

Abdullah Ateş Salih Yılmaz Mahmut Fırat

Abstract

The fight against leaks and failures in water distribution systems has gained a serious importance with the increasing drought, the inefficient use of water resources and the rapid contamination of existing water resources. These studies are generally carried out with two different approaches, active leakage control and passive leakage control. Although the passive control method, which covers the repair of the reported faults, is less costly and easier, the vast majority of the faults that occur in the system are caused by unreported faults. It is possible to detect, repair and control such faults with active leakage methods. In order to gain the expected efficiency from these methods, it is very important to regularly monitor the networks by dividing them into isolated areas, to estimate the amount of preventable leakage, and to determine the leak location with devices and equipment such as ground microphone, regional recorder, regional correlator within the framework of a certain systematic program. The regular maintenance of these systematic studies in the implementation of the active leakage method also creates serious costs for water administrations. In addition to the costs of creating and monitoring measurable regions, the costs of devices and equipment with different characteristics, sensitivities and costs to be used for the determination of the fault location should also be considered in the studies to be carried out. In this study, a standard calculation structure is defined for the benefits and costs of the ground microphone and regional correlator methods used to locate unreported leaks. By using the defined calculation methodology, the benefits and costs for both methods are analyzed and compared in a sample network. The method to be selected according to the general characteristics of the networks plays an important role for the most efficient operation.

Keywords

Water distribution system leakage active leakage control leakage detection

Project Number

This research was supported by TUBITAK (Turkish National Science Foundation) under the Project Number 122M577. The authors thank TUBITAK for their support.

Thanks

This research was supported by TUBITAK (Turkish National Science Foundation) under the Project Number 122M577. The authors thank TUBITAK for their support.

References

  • [1]. Berardi, L., Laucelli, D., Ugarelli, R., ve Giustolisi, O. (2015). Leakage management: Planning remote real time controlled pressure reduction in Oppegård municipality. Procedia Engineering, 119 (1), 72–81.
  • [2]. Lambert, A. O., Brown, T. G., Takizawa, M., and Weimer, D. (1999). “A review of performance indicators for real losses from water supply systems.” Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology - AQUA.
  • [3]. Yılmaz, S., Fırat, M., Ateş, A., Özdemir, Ö. (2021). Analysis of Economic Leakage Level and Infrastructure Leakage Index Indicator by Applying Active Leakage Control. ASCE's Journal of Pipeline Systems - Engineering and Practice. 10.1061/(ASCE)PS.1949-1204.0000583.
  • [4]. European Commission (2014) LEAKCURE project, focus on reducing urban water leakage. http://cordis.europa. eu/news/rcn/36134_en.html. Access 3 May 2021
  • [5]. Liemberger R, Wyatt A (2019) Quantifying the global non-revenue water problem. Water Supply 19(3):831– 837. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.129.
  • [6]. Moslehi, I., Jalili Ghazizadeh, M.R., ve Yousefie Khoshghalb, E. (2019). Economic analysis of pressure management in water distribution networks. Journal of Water and Wastewater, 31 (2), 100–117.
  • [7]. SUEN. (2020). Türkiye Su Kayıp İstatistikleri.
  • [8]. Fırat, M., Yılmaz, S., Ateş, A., Özdemir, Ö. (2021). Determination of Economic Leakage Level with Optimization Algorithm in Water Distribution Systems. Water Economics and Policy. 7(3):1-38. 2150014. DOI:10.1142/S2382624X21500144.
  • [9]. Haider, H., Al-Salamah, I.S., Ghazaw, Y.M., Abdel-Maguid, R.H., Shafiquzzaman, M., ve Ghumman, A.R. (2019). Framework to establish economic level of leakage for intermittent water supplies in arid environments. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 145 (2), 1–12.
  • [10]. Ahopelto, S. ve Vahala, R. (2020). Cost-Benefit Analysis of Leakage Reduction Methods in Water Supply Networks. Water, 12 (1), 195.
  • [11]. Choi, G.W., Geun Jo, H., Park, H., ve Jang, D. (2020). Application of decision making model for leakage reduction to economic project in water distribution systems. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing.
  • [12]. Moslehi, I., Jalili-Ghazizadeh, M. Yousefi-Khoshqalb, E. (2021). ‘Developing a Framework for Leakage Target Setting in Water Distribution Networks from an Economic Perspective’. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering 17(6): 821–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2020.1777568.
  • [13]. Aboelnga, A., Saidan, M., Al-Weshah, R., Sturm, M., Ribbe, L., Frechen, F-B. (2018). Component analysis for optimal leakage management in Madaba, Jordan. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 1 June 2018; 67 (4): 384–396. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2018.180.
  • [14]. Berardi, L., and O. Giustolisi. 2021. ‘Calibration of Design Models for Leakage Management of Water Distribution Networks’. Water Resources Management 35(8): 2537–51.
  • [15]. Ye, G. ve Fenner, R.A. (2011). Kalman Filtering of Hydraulic Measurements for Burst Detection in Water Distribution Systems. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice, 2 (1), 14–22.
  • [16]. He, S., Wu, Q.H., ve Saunders, J.R. (2009). Group search optimizer: An optimization algorithm inspired by animal searching behavior. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 13 (5), 973–990.
  • [17]. AL-Washali, T., Sharma, S., Lupoja, R., AL-Nozaily, F., Haidera, M., ve Kennedy, M. (2020). Assessment of water losses in distribution networks: Methods, applications, uncertainties, and implications in intermittent supply. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 152 (September 2019), 104515.
  • [18]. Yılmaz, S., Fırat, M., Ateş, A., Özdemir, Ö. (2022). Analyzing the economic water loss level with a discrete stochastic optimization algorithm by considering budget constraints. AQUA - Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society 1 July 2022; 71 (7): 835–848. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2022.060
  • [19]. Pearson, D. ve Trow, S.W. (2005). Calculating the Economic Levels of Leakage. Leakage 2005 Conference Proceedings, 1–16.

İÇMESUYU DAĞITIM SİSTEMLERİNDE AKTİF KAÇAK KONTROLÜ UYGULAMALARININ FAYDA/MALİYET ANALİZLERİ KIYASLANMASI

Year 2023, Volume: 03 Issue: 02, 76 - 85, 31.12.2023

Abdullah Ateş Salih Yılmaz Mahmut Fırat

Abstract

Artan kuraklık, su kaynaklarının verimli kullanılmaması ve mevcut su kaynaklarının da hızla kirlenmesiyle beraber içmesuyu kayıplarıyla mücadele ciddi bir önem kazanmıştır. Artan su talepleri ve sızıntı miktarları nedeniyle su idareleri tarafından gelir getirmeyen su (GGS) oranının azaltılması çalışmaları da bu kapsamda artırılmıştır. Bu çalışmalar genellikle aktif kaçak kontrolü ve pasif kaçak kontrolü olmak üzere iki farklı yaklaşım ile yapılmaktadır. Yüzeye çıkan arızaların onarımını kapsayan pasif kontrol yöntemi her ne kadar daha az maliyetli ve kolay olsa da sistemde meydana gelen arızaların çok büyük bir çoğunluğu yüzeye çıkmayan arızalardan meydana gelmektedir. Bu tarz arızaların tespit edilmesi, onarılması ve kontrol edilmesi aktif kaçak yöntemleri ile mümkün olmaktadır. Bu yöntemlerden beklenen verimlerin kazanılabilmesi için şebekelerin öncelikle izole bölgelere ayrılarak düzenli olarak izlenmesi, önlenebilir sızıntı miktarının tahmin edilmesi ve bölgenin yer mikrofonu, bölgesel kaydedici, bölgesel korelatör gibi cihaz ve ekipmanlarla sızıntı yerinin tespit edilmesi çalışmalarının belli bir sistematik program çerçevesinde yürütülmesi oldukça önemlidir. Aktif kaçak yönteminin uygulanmasında bu sistematik çalışmaların düzenli olarak sürdürülmesi aynı zamanda su idareleri için ciddi maliyetlerde oluşturmaktadır. Ölçülebilir bölgelerin oluşturulması ve izlenmesi maliyetleriyle beraber arıza yerinin tespiti için kullanılacak farklı özelliklere, hassasiyetlere ve maliyetlere sahip cihaz ve ekipmanların maliyetleri de yapılacak çalışmalarda göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Bu çalışmada örnek bir şebeke için sabit korelatör ve yer mikrofonu yöntemlerinin maliyetleri ve faydaları kıyaslanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar; en verimli çalışma için şebekelerin genel özelliklerine göre seçilecek yöntemin önemli bir rol oynadığı yönünde olmuştur.

Keywords

içmesuyu dağıtım sistemi, sızıntı aktif sızıntı kontrolü

Project Number

This research was supported by TUBITAK (Turkish National Science Foundation) under the Project Number 122M577. The authors thank TUBITAK for their support.

References

  • [1]. Berardi, L., Laucelli, D., Ugarelli, R., ve Giustolisi, O. (2015). Leakage management: Planning remote real time controlled pressure reduction in Oppegård municipality. Procedia Engineering, 119 (1), 72–81.
  • [2]. Lambert, A. O., Brown, T. G., Takizawa, M., and Weimer, D. (1999). “A review of performance indicators for real losses from water supply systems.” Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology - AQUA.
  • [3]. Yılmaz, S., Fırat, M., Ateş, A., Özdemir, Ö. (2021). Analysis of Economic Leakage Level and Infrastructure Leakage Index Indicator by Applying Active Leakage Control. ASCE's Journal of Pipeline Systems - Engineering and Practice. 10.1061/(ASCE)PS.1949-1204.0000583.
  • [4]. European Commission (2014) LEAKCURE project, focus on reducing urban water leakage. http://cordis.europa. eu/news/rcn/36134_en.html. Access 3 May 2021
  • [5]. Liemberger R, Wyatt A (2019) Quantifying the global non-revenue water problem. Water Supply 19(3):831– 837. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.129.
  • [6]. Moslehi, I., Jalili Ghazizadeh, M.R., ve Yousefie Khoshghalb, E. (2019). Economic analysis of pressure management in water distribution networks. Journal of Water and Wastewater, 31 (2), 100–117.
  • [7]. SUEN. (2020). Türkiye Su Kayıp İstatistikleri.
  • [8]. Fırat, M., Yılmaz, S., Ateş, A., Özdemir, Ö. (2021). Determination of Economic Leakage Level with Optimization Algorithm in Water Distribution Systems. Water Economics and Policy. 7(3):1-38. 2150014. DOI:10.1142/S2382624X21500144.
  • [9]. Haider, H., Al-Salamah, I.S., Ghazaw, Y.M., Abdel-Maguid, R.H., Shafiquzzaman, M., ve Ghumman, A.R. (2019). Framework to establish economic level of leakage for intermittent water supplies in arid environments. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 145 (2), 1–12.
  • [10]. Ahopelto, S. ve Vahala, R. (2020). Cost-Benefit Analysis of Leakage Reduction Methods in Water Supply Networks. Water, 12 (1), 195.
  • [11]. Choi, G.W., Geun Jo, H., Park, H., ve Jang, D. (2020). Application of decision making model for leakage reduction to economic project in water distribution systems. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing.
  • [12]. Moslehi, I., Jalili-Ghazizadeh, M. Yousefi-Khoshqalb, E. (2021). ‘Developing a Framework for Leakage Target Setting in Water Distribution Networks from an Economic Perspective’. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering 17(6): 821–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2020.1777568.
  • [13]. Aboelnga, A., Saidan, M., Al-Weshah, R., Sturm, M., Ribbe, L., Frechen, F-B. (2018). Component analysis for optimal leakage management in Madaba, Jordan. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 1 June 2018; 67 (4): 384–396. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2018.180.
  • [14]. Berardi, L., and O. Giustolisi. 2021. ‘Calibration of Design Models for Leakage Management of Water Distribution Networks’. Water Resources Management 35(8): 2537–51.
  • [15]. Ye, G. ve Fenner, R.A. (2011). Kalman Filtering of Hydraulic Measurements for Burst Detection in Water Distribution Systems. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice, 2 (1), 14–22.
  • [16]. He, S., Wu, Q.H., ve Saunders, J.R. (2009). Group search optimizer: An optimization algorithm inspired by animal searching behavior. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 13 (5), 973–990.
  • [17]. AL-Washali, T., Sharma, S., Lupoja, R., AL-Nozaily, F., Haidera, M., ve Kennedy, M. (2020). Assessment of water losses in distribution networks: Methods, applications, uncertainties, and implications in intermittent supply. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 152 (September 2019), 104515.
  • [18]. Yılmaz, S., Fırat, M., Ateş, A., Özdemir, Ö. (2022). Analyzing the economic water loss level with a discrete stochastic optimization algorithm by considering budget constraints. AQUA - Water Infrastructure, Ecosystems and Society 1 July 2022; 71 (7): 835–848. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2022.060
  • [19]. Pearson, D. ve Trow, S.W. (2005). Calculating the Economic Levels of Leakage. Leakage 2005 Conference Proceedings, 1–16.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Environmental Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Abdullah Ateş 0000-0002-4236-6794

Salih Yılmaz 0000-0002-3206-1225

Mahmut Fırat 0000-0002-8010-9289

Project Number This research was supported by TUBITAK (Turkish National Science Foundation) under the Project Number 122M577. The authors thank TUBITAK for their support.
Publication Date December 31, 2023
Submission Date December 10, 2023
Acceptance Date December 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 03 Issue: 02

Cite

IEEE A. Ateş, S. Yılmaz, and M. Fırat, “Comparison of Cost and Benefit Analysis of Active Leakage Control Applications in Water Distribution Systems”, Researcher, vol. 03, no. 02, pp. 76–85, 2023.
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