Research Article
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Performance of Gas-Phase Toluene by Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Robinia Pseudoacacia L. as Lignocellulosic Material

Year 2022, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 410 - 420, 30.04.2022

Kaan Işınkaralar

https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1051342

Abstract

The main target of this study was to eliminate gas-phase toluene with activated carbon from indoor air. The activated carbons were prepared from Robinia pseudoacacia L. biomass under different conditions. The change in surface functional groups of the produced activated carbon biomass raw material and produced by pyrolysis in the absence of oxygen at 500–900 °C, and activation by potassium hydroxide (KOH). The highest surface area of 1271.3 m2/g which gives reason for its external porous surface. The surface porosity and the graphite properties of the prepared KNxACs were detected by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The amount of adsorbed toluene (C7H8) was determined using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry with a thermal desorber system (TD–GC–MS) on the KNxAC surface. The adsorption capacity of toluene was reached 111 mg/g at 25 °C and for 1000 ppm. As a result, the study revealed that the prepared KN24AC from the Robinia pseudoacacia L. biomass has the best adsorption capacity of gas-phase toluene from indoor air.

Keywords

Activated carbon lignocellulosic material indoor air quality toluene removal

References

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  • [2] F. Qu, L. Zhu, & K. Yang, Adsorption behaviors of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on porous clay heterostructures (PCH), Journal of hazardous materials, vol. 170, no. 1, pp. 7-12, 2009.
  • [3] G. R. Parmar, & N. N. Rao, Emerging control technologies for volatile organic compounds. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 41-78, 2008.
  • [4] I. Dhada, M. Sharma, & P. K. Nagar, Quantification and human health risk assessment of by-products of photo catalytic oxidation of ethylbenzene, xylene and toluene in indoor air of analytical laboratories. Journal of hazardous materials, vol. 316, pp. 1-10, 2016.
  • [5] O. Isinkaralar, K. Isinkaralar, A. Ekizler and C. Ilkdogan, Changes in the amounts of CO2 and particulate matter in Kastamonu Province depending on weather conditions and locations. Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 643-650, 2017.
  • [6] H. X. Fu, & X. H. Liu, Review of the impact of liquid desiccant dehumidification on indoor air quality. Building and Environment, vol. 116, pp. 158-172, 2017.
  • [7] H. BHuang, & D. Ye, Combination of photocatalysis downstream the non-thermal plasma reactor for oxidation of gas-phase toluene. Journal of hazardous materials, vol. 171, no. 1-3, pp. 535-541, 2009.
  • [8] N. Shinohara, Y. Okazaki, A. Mizukoshi, & S. Wakamatsu, Exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde in and around gas stations in Japan. Chemosphere, vol. 222, pp. 923-931, 2019.
  • [9] N. Barros, M. Carvalho, C. Silva, T. Fontes, J. C. Prata, A. Sousa, & M. C. Manso, Environmental and biological monitoring of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) exposure in residents living near gas stations. Journal of toxicology and environmental health, Part A, vol. 82, no. 9, pp. 550-563, 2019.
  • [10] R. Fan, J. Li, L. Chen, Z. Xu, D. He, Y. Zhou, ... & J. Li, Biomass fuels and coke plants are important sources of human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene and toluene. Environmental research, vol. 135, pp. 1-8, 2014.
  • [11] S. V. Dozein, M. Masrournia, Z. Es’haghi, & M. R. Bozorgmehr, Determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and p-xylene with headspace-hollow fiber solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography in wastewater and Buxus leaves, employing a chemometric approach. Chemical Papers, pp. 1-12, 2021.
  • [12] M. E. Meek, & P. K. L. Chan, Toluene: evaluation of risks to human health from environmental exposure in Canada. Journal of Environmental Science & Health Part C, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 507-515, 1994.
  • [13] P. Rashnuodi, B. F. Dehaghi, H. A. Rangkooy, A. Amiri, & S. M. Poor, Evaluation of airborne exposure to volatile organic compounds of benzene, toluene, xylene, and ethylbenzene and its relationship to biological contact index in the workers of a petrochemical plant in the west of Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 193, no. 2, pp. 1-10, 2021.
  • [14] M. Kumar, B. S. Giri, K. H. Kim, R. P. Singh, E. R. Rene, M. E. López,... & R. S. Singh, Performance of a biofilter with compost and activated carbon based packing material for gas-phase toluene removal under extremely high loading rates. Bioresource technology, vol. 285, pp. 121317, 2019.
  • [15] K. Singh, R. S. Singh, B. N. Rai, & S. N. Upadhyay, Biofiltration of toluene using wood charcoal as the biofilter media. Bioresource Technology, vol. 101, no. 11, pp. 3947-3951, 2010.
  • [16] H. Ukai, T. Kawai, O. Inoue, Y. Maejima, Y. Fukui, F. Ohashi,... & M. Ikeda, Comparative evaluation of biomarkers of occupational exposure to toluene. International archives of occupational and environmental health, vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 81-93, 2007.
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  • [18] C. Treesubsuntorn, and P. Thiravetyan, Botanical biofilter for indoor toluene removal and reduction of carbon dioxide emission under low light intensity by using mixed C3 and CAM plants. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 194, pp. 94-100, 2018.
  • [19] K. Corey, and L. Zappa, Odor Control ‘ABC’s: How to Compare and Evaluate Odor Control Technologies. Global Environmental Solutions, Inc., 2018.
  • [20] S. Fujii, H. Cha, N. Kagi, H. Miyamura, & Y. S. Kim, Effects on air pollutant removal by plant absorption and adsorption. Building and Environment, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 105-112, 2005.
  • [21] G. Soreanu, M. Dixon, and A. Darlington, Botanical biofiltration of indoor gaseous pollutants–A mini-review. Chemical engineering journal, vol. 229, pp. 585-594, 2013.
  • [22] M. Wen, G. Li, H. Liu, J. Chen, T. An, and H. Yamashita, Metal–organic framework-based nanomaterials for adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of gaseous pollutants: recent progress and challenges. Environmental Science: Nano, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1006-1025, 2019.
  • [23] W. Ghoma, H. Sevik and K. Isinkaralar, Using indoor plants as biomonitors for detection of toxic metals by tobacco smoke. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-021-01146-z.
  • [24] Q. Chen, F. Liu, and J. Mo, Vertical macro-channel modification of a flexible adsorption board with in-situ thermal regeneration for indoor gas purification to increase effective adsorption capacity. Environmental Research, vol. 192, pp. 110218, 2021.
  • [25] J. Loipersböck, G. Weber, R. Rauch, and H. Hofbauer, Developing an adsorption-based gas cleaning system for a dual fluidized bed gasification process. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 85-94, 2021.
  • [26] V. Presser, J. McDonough, S. H. Yeon, and Y. Gogotsi, Effect of pore size on carbon dioxide sorption by carbide derived carbon. Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 3059-3066, 2011.
  • [27] Y. H. Tan, J. A. Davis, K. Fujikawa, N. V. Ganesh, A. V. Demchenko, and K. J. Stine, Surface area and pore size characteristics of nanoporous gold subjected to thermal, mechanical, or surface modification studied using gas adsorption isotherms, cyclic voltammetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Journal of materials chemistry, vol. 22, no. 14, pp. 6733-6745, 2012.
  • [28] Y. Wang, L. Liu, and H. Cheng, Gas Adsorption Characterization of Pore Structure of Organic-rich Shale: Insights into Contribution of Organic Matter to Shale Pore Network. Natural Resources Research, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 2377-2395, 2021.
  • [29] C. Zhang, J. Wu, R. Wang, E. Ma, L. Wu, J. Bai, & J. Wang, Study of the toluene absorption capacity and mechanism of ionic liquids using COSMO-RS prediction and experimental verification. Green Energy & Environment, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 339-349, 2021.
  • [30] Z. M. Yunus, N. Othman, Al-A. Gheethi, R. Hamdan, and N. N. Ruslan, Adsorption of heavy metals from mining effluents using honeydew peels activated carbon; isotherm, kinetic and column studies. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 715-729, 2021.
  • [31] M. A. E. S. El-Hashemy and N. F. Alotaibi, Purification of benzene-laden air by static adsorption of benzene onto activated carbon prepared from Diplotaxis acris biomass. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, pp. 1-15, 2021.
  • [32] A. Aziz, M. N. Nasehir Khan, M. F. Mohamad Yusop, E. Mohd Johan Jaya, M. A. Tamar Jaya, and M. A. Ahmad, Single-Stage Microwave-Assisted Coconut-Shell-Based Activated Carbon for Removal of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) from Aqueous Solution: Optimization and Batch Studies. International Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021.
  • [33] C. Djilani, R. Zaghdoudi, F. Djazi, B. Bouchekima, A. Lallam, A. Modarressi and M. Rogalski, Adsorption of dyes on activated carbon prepared from apricot stones and commercial activated carbon. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, vol. 53, pp. 112-121, 2015.
  • [34] K. Isinkaralar, G. Gullu and A. Turkyilmaz, Experimental study of formaldehyde and BTEX adsorption onto activated carbon from lignocellulosic biomass. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 2022.
  • [35] C. Bouchelta, M. S. Medjram, O. Bertrand, and J. P. Bellat, Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from date stones by physical activation with steam. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 70-77, 2008.
  • [36] D. Duan, D. Chen, L. Huang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Q. Wang,... & R. Ruan, Activated carbon from lignocellulosic biomass as catalyst: A review of the applications in fast pyrolysis process. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 158, pp. 105246, 2021.
  • [37] J. V. Freitas, F. G. Nogueira, and C. S. Farinas, Coconut shell activated carbon as an alternative adsorbent of inhibitors from lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment. Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 137, pp. 16-23, 2019.
  • [38] K. Isinkaralar, “Production and Characterization of Activated Carbon Using with Althaea officinalis L. as a Lignocellulosic Waste,” 2021 International Congress on Scientific Advances, pp. 926-927, 2021.
  • [39] Q. Bu, H. Lei, S. Ren, L. Wang, J. Holladay, Q. Zhang, ... & R. Ruan, Phenol and phenolics from lignocellulosic biomass by catalytic microwave pyrolysis. Bioresource technology, vol. 102, no. 13, pp. 7004-7007, 2011.
  • [40] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Compendium Method TO-17: Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air Using Active Sampling onto Sorbent Tubes; EPA: Washington, DC, USA, pp. 1–53, 1999.
  • [41] ASTM International, E872-82 Standard test method for volatile matter in the analysis of particulate wood fuels. Am Soc Mater Test Int., 2019.
  • [42] ASTM International E871–82 Standard test method for moisture analysis of particulate wood fuels. Am Soc Mater Test Int. 2019.
  • [43] ASTM International D1102–84 Standard test method for ash in wood. Am Soc Mater Test Int. 2021.
  • [44] S. Brunauer, P. H. Emmett and E. Teller, Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers. Journal of the American chemical society, vol. 60, no. 2, 309-319. 1938.
  • [45] N. M. Nor, L. C. Lau, K. T. Lee, and A. R. Mohamed, Synthesis of activated carbon from lignocellulosic biomass and its applications in air pollution control—a review. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 658-666, 2013.
  • [46] N. H. Chung, N. T. Que, N. T. Thanh, and G. T. P. Ly, Comparative study on the conversion of Acacia mangium wood sawdust-derived xylose-containing acid hydrolysate to furfural by sulfonated solid catalysts prepared from different lignocellulosic biomass residues. Wood Science and Technology, pp. 1-21, 2021.
  • [47] R. V. P. Antero, A. C. F. Alves, S. B. de Oliveira, S. A. Ojala, and S. S. Brum, Challenges and alternatives for the adequacy of hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic biomass in cleaner production systems: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 252, pp. 119899, 2020.
  • [48] R. C. de Andrade, R. S. G. Menezes, R. A. Fiuza-Jr, and H. M. C. Andrade, Activated carbon microspheres derived from hydrothermally treated mango seed shells for acetone vapor removal. Carbon Letters, pp. 1-15, 2020.
  • [49] H. Anjum, K. Johari, N. Gnanasundaram, A. Appusamy, and M. Thanabalan, Impact of surface modification on adsorptive removal of BTX onto activated carbon. Journal of Molecular Liquids, vol. 280, pp. 238-251, 2019.
  • [50] K. Vikrant, C. J. Na, S. A. Younis, K. H. Kim, and S. Kumar, Evidence for superiority of conventional adsorbents in the sorptive removal of gaseous benzene under real-world conditions: Test of activated carbon against novel metal-organic frameworks. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 235, pp. 1090-1102, 2019.
  • [51] S. He, G. Shi, H. Xiao, G. Sun, Y. Shi, G. Chen, ... & X. Yang, Self S-doping activated carbon derived from lignin-based pitch for removal of gaseous benzene. Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 410, pp. 128286, 2021.

Year 2022, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 410 - 420, 30.04.2022

Kaan Işınkaralar

https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1051342

Abstract

References

  • [1] H. M. Shin, T. E. McKone and D. H. Bennett, Contribution of low vapor pressure-volatile organic compounds (LVP-VOCs) from consumer products to ozone formation in urban atmospheres, Atmospheric Environment, vol. 108, pp. 98-106, 2015.
  • [2] F. Qu, L. Zhu, & K. Yang, Adsorption behaviors of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on porous clay heterostructures (PCH), Journal of hazardous materials, vol. 170, no. 1, pp. 7-12, 2009.
  • [3] G. R. Parmar, & N. N. Rao, Emerging control technologies for volatile organic compounds. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 41-78, 2008.
  • [4] I. Dhada, M. Sharma, & P. K. Nagar, Quantification and human health risk assessment of by-products of photo catalytic oxidation of ethylbenzene, xylene and toluene in indoor air of analytical laboratories. Journal of hazardous materials, vol. 316, pp. 1-10, 2016.
  • [5] O. Isinkaralar, K. Isinkaralar, A. Ekizler and C. Ilkdogan, Changes in the amounts of CO2 and particulate matter in Kastamonu Province depending on weather conditions and locations. Journal of Chemical, Biological and Physical Sciences, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 643-650, 2017.
  • [6] H. X. Fu, & X. H. Liu, Review of the impact of liquid desiccant dehumidification on indoor air quality. Building and Environment, vol. 116, pp. 158-172, 2017.
  • [7] H. BHuang, & D. Ye, Combination of photocatalysis downstream the non-thermal plasma reactor for oxidation of gas-phase toluene. Journal of hazardous materials, vol. 171, no. 1-3, pp. 535-541, 2009.
  • [8] N. Shinohara, Y. Okazaki, A. Mizukoshi, & S. Wakamatsu, Exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde in and around gas stations in Japan. Chemosphere, vol. 222, pp. 923-931, 2019.
  • [9] N. Barros, M. Carvalho, C. Silva, T. Fontes, J. C. Prata, A. Sousa, & M. C. Manso, Environmental and biological monitoring of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) exposure in residents living near gas stations. Journal of toxicology and environmental health, Part A, vol. 82, no. 9, pp. 550-563, 2019.
  • [10] R. Fan, J. Li, L. Chen, Z. Xu, D. He, Y. Zhou, ... & J. Li, Biomass fuels and coke plants are important sources of human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene and toluene. Environmental research, vol. 135, pp. 1-8, 2014.
  • [11] S. V. Dozein, M. Masrournia, Z. Es’haghi, & M. R. Bozorgmehr, Determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and p-xylene with headspace-hollow fiber solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography in wastewater and Buxus leaves, employing a chemometric approach. Chemical Papers, pp. 1-12, 2021.
  • [12] M. E. Meek, & P. K. L. Chan, Toluene: evaluation of risks to human health from environmental exposure in Canada. Journal of Environmental Science & Health Part C, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 507-515, 1994.
  • [13] P. Rashnuodi, B. F. Dehaghi, H. A. Rangkooy, A. Amiri, & S. M. Poor, Evaluation of airborne exposure to volatile organic compounds of benzene, toluene, xylene, and ethylbenzene and its relationship to biological contact index in the workers of a petrochemical plant in the west of Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 193, no. 2, pp. 1-10, 2021.
  • [14] M. Kumar, B. S. Giri, K. H. Kim, R. P. Singh, E. R. Rene, M. E. López,... & R. S. Singh, Performance of a biofilter with compost and activated carbon based packing material for gas-phase toluene removal under extremely high loading rates. Bioresource technology, vol. 285, pp. 121317, 2019.
  • [15] K. Singh, R. S. Singh, B. N. Rai, & S. N. Upadhyay, Biofiltration of toluene using wood charcoal as the biofilter media. Bioresource Technology, vol. 101, no. 11, pp. 3947-3951, 2010.
  • [16] H. Ukai, T. Kawai, O. Inoue, Y. Maejima, Y. Fukui, F. Ohashi,... & M. Ikeda, Comparative evaluation of biomarkers of occupational exposure to toluene. International archives of occupational and environmental health, vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 81-93, 2007.
  • [17] K. Grob, C. Frauenfelder, & A. Artho, Uptake by foods of tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, toluene, and benzene from air. Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und Forschung, vol. 191, no. 6, pp. 435-441, 1990.
  • [18] C. Treesubsuntorn, and P. Thiravetyan, Botanical biofilter for indoor toluene removal and reduction of carbon dioxide emission under low light intensity by using mixed C3 and CAM plants. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 194, pp. 94-100, 2018.
  • [19] K. Corey, and L. Zappa, Odor Control ‘ABC’s: How to Compare and Evaluate Odor Control Technologies. Global Environmental Solutions, Inc., 2018.
  • [20] S. Fujii, H. Cha, N. Kagi, H. Miyamura, & Y. S. Kim, Effects on air pollutant removal by plant absorption and adsorption. Building and Environment, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 105-112, 2005.
  • [21] G. Soreanu, M. Dixon, and A. Darlington, Botanical biofiltration of indoor gaseous pollutants–A mini-review. Chemical engineering journal, vol. 229, pp. 585-594, 2013.
  • [22] M. Wen, G. Li, H. Liu, J. Chen, T. An, and H. Yamashita, Metal–organic framework-based nanomaterials for adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of gaseous pollutants: recent progress and challenges. Environmental Science: Nano, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1006-1025, 2019.
  • [23] W. Ghoma, H. Sevik and K. Isinkaralar, Using indoor plants as biomonitors for detection of toxic metals by tobacco smoke. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-021-01146-z.
  • [24] Q. Chen, F. Liu, and J. Mo, Vertical macro-channel modification of a flexible adsorption board with in-situ thermal regeneration for indoor gas purification to increase effective adsorption capacity. Environmental Research, vol. 192, pp. 110218, 2021.
  • [25] J. Loipersböck, G. Weber, R. Rauch, and H. Hofbauer, Developing an adsorption-based gas cleaning system for a dual fluidized bed gasification process. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 85-94, 2021.
  • [26] V. Presser, J. McDonough, S. H. Yeon, and Y. Gogotsi, Effect of pore size on carbon dioxide sorption by carbide derived carbon. Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 3059-3066, 2011.
  • [27] Y. H. Tan, J. A. Davis, K. Fujikawa, N. V. Ganesh, A. V. Demchenko, and K. J. Stine, Surface area and pore size characteristics of nanoporous gold subjected to thermal, mechanical, or surface modification studied using gas adsorption isotherms, cyclic voltammetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Journal of materials chemistry, vol. 22, no. 14, pp. 6733-6745, 2012.
  • [28] Y. Wang, L. Liu, and H. Cheng, Gas Adsorption Characterization of Pore Structure of Organic-rich Shale: Insights into Contribution of Organic Matter to Shale Pore Network. Natural Resources Research, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 2377-2395, 2021.
  • [29] C. Zhang, J. Wu, R. Wang, E. Ma, L. Wu, J. Bai, & J. Wang, Study of the toluene absorption capacity and mechanism of ionic liquids using COSMO-RS prediction and experimental verification. Green Energy & Environment, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 339-349, 2021.
  • [30] Z. M. Yunus, N. Othman, Al-A. Gheethi, R. Hamdan, and N. N. Ruslan, Adsorption of heavy metals from mining effluents using honeydew peels activated carbon; isotherm, kinetic and column studies. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 715-729, 2021.
  • [31] M. A. E. S. El-Hashemy and N. F. Alotaibi, Purification of benzene-laden air by static adsorption of benzene onto activated carbon prepared from Diplotaxis acris biomass. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, pp. 1-15, 2021.
  • [32] A. Aziz, M. N. Nasehir Khan, M. F. Mohamad Yusop, E. Mohd Johan Jaya, M. A. Tamar Jaya, and M. A. Ahmad, Single-Stage Microwave-Assisted Coconut-Shell-Based Activated Carbon for Removal of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) from Aqueous Solution: Optimization and Batch Studies. International Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021.
  • [33] C. Djilani, R. Zaghdoudi, F. Djazi, B. Bouchekima, A. Lallam, A. Modarressi and M. Rogalski, Adsorption of dyes on activated carbon prepared from apricot stones and commercial activated carbon. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, vol. 53, pp. 112-121, 2015.
  • [34] K. Isinkaralar, G. Gullu and A. Turkyilmaz, Experimental study of formaldehyde and BTEX adsorption onto activated carbon from lignocellulosic biomass. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 2022.
  • [35] C. Bouchelta, M. S. Medjram, O. Bertrand, and J. P. Bellat, Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from date stones by physical activation with steam. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 70-77, 2008.
  • [36] D. Duan, D. Chen, L. Huang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Q. Wang,... & R. Ruan, Activated carbon from lignocellulosic biomass as catalyst: A review of the applications in fast pyrolysis process. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 158, pp. 105246, 2021.
  • [37] J. V. Freitas, F. G. Nogueira, and C. S. Farinas, Coconut shell activated carbon as an alternative adsorbent of inhibitors from lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment. Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 137, pp. 16-23, 2019.
  • [38] K. Isinkaralar, “Production and Characterization of Activated Carbon Using with Althaea officinalis L. as a Lignocellulosic Waste,” 2021 International Congress on Scientific Advances, pp. 926-927, 2021.
  • [39] Q. Bu, H. Lei, S. Ren, L. Wang, J. Holladay, Q. Zhang, ... & R. Ruan, Phenol and phenolics from lignocellulosic biomass by catalytic microwave pyrolysis. Bioresource technology, vol. 102, no. 13, pp. 7004-7007, 2011.
  • [40] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Compendium Method TO-17: Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air Using Active Sampling onto Sorbent Tubes; EPA: Washington, DC, USA, pp. 1–53, 1999.
  • [41] ASTM International, E872-82 Standard test method for volatile matter in the analysis of particulate wood fuels. Am Soc Mater Test Int., 2019.
  • [42] ASTM International E871–82 Standard test method for moisture analysis of particulate wood fuels. Am Soc Mater Test Int. 2019.
  • [43] ASTM International D1102–84 Standard test method for ash in wood. Am Soc Mater Test Int. 2021.
  • [44] S. Brunauer, P. H. Emmett and E. Teller, Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers. Journal of the American chemical society, vol. 60, no. 2, 309-319. 1938.
  • [45] N. M. Nor, L. C. Lau, K. T. Lee, and A. R. Mohamed, Synthesis of activated carbon from lignocellulosic biomass and its applications in air pollution control—a review. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 658-666, 2013.
  • [46] N. H. Chung, N. T. Que, N. T. Thanh, and G. T. P. Ly, Comparative study on the conversion of Acacia mangium wood sawdust-derived xylose-containing acid hydrolysate to furfural by sulfonated solid catalysts prepared from different lignocellulosic biomass residues. Wood Science and Technology, pp. 1-21, 2021.
  • [47] R. V. P. Antero, A. C. F. Alves, S. B. de Oliveira, S. A. Ojala, and S. S. Brum, Challenges and alternatives for the adequacy of hydrothermal carbonization of lignocellulosic biomass in cleaner production systems: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 252, pp. 119899, 2020.
  • [48] R. C. de Andrade, R. S. G. Menezes, R. A. Fiuza-Jr, and H. M. C. Andrade, Activated carbon microspheres derived from hydrothermally treated mango seed shells for acetone vapor removal. Carbon Letters, pp. 1-15, 2020.
  • [49] H. Anjum, K. Johari, N. Gnanasundaram, A. Appusamy, and M. Thanabalan, Impact of surface modification on adsorptive removal of BTX onto activated carbon. Journal of Molecular Liquids, vol. 280, pp. 238-251, 2019.
  • [50] K. Vikrant, C. J. Na, S. A. Younis, K. H. Kim, and S. Kumar, Evidence for superiority of conventional adsorbents in the sorptive removal of gaseous benzene under real-world conditions: Test of activated carbon against novel metal-organic frameworks. Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 235, pp. 1090-1102, 2019.
  • [51] S. He, G. Shi, H. Xiao, G. Sun, Y. Shi, G. Chen, ... & X. Yang, Self S-doping activated carbon derived from lignin-based pitch for removal of gaseous benzene. Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 410, pp. 128286, 2021.
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Environmental Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Kaan Işınkaralar 0000-0003-1850-7515

Publication Date April 30, 2022
Submission Date December 30, 2021
Acceptance Date April 5, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 26 Issue: 2

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APA Işınkaralar, K. (2022). Performance of Gas-Phase Toluene by Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Robinia Pseudoacacia L. as Lignocellulosic Material. Sakarya University Journal of Science, 26(2), 410-420. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1051342
AMA Işınkaralar K. Performance of Gas-Phase Toluene by Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Robinia Pseudoacacia L. as Lignocellulosic Material. SAUJS. April 2022;26(2):410-420. doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.1051342
Chicago Işınkaralar, Kaan. “Performance of Gas-Phase Toluene by Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Robinia Pseudoacacia L. As Lignocellulosic Material”. Sakarya University Journal of Science 26, no. 2 (April 2022): 410-20. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1051342.
EndNote Işınkaralar K (April 1, 2022) Performance of Gas-Phase Toluene by Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Robinia Pseudoacacia L. as Lignocellulosic Material. Sakarya University Journal of Science 26 2 410–420.
IEEE K. Işınkaralar, “Performance of Gas-Phase Toluene by Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Robinia Pseudoacacia L. as Lignocellulosic Material”, SAUJS, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 410–420, 2022, doi: 10.16984/saufenbilder.1051342.
ISNAD Işınkaralar, Kaan. “Performance of Gas-Phase Toluene by Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Robinia Pseudoacacia L. As Lignocellulosic Material”. Sakarya University Journal of Science 26/2 (April 2022), 410-420. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1051342.
JAMA Işınkaralar K. Performance of Gas-Phase Toluene by Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Robinia Pseudoacacia L. as Lignocellulosic Material. SAUJS. 2022;26:410–420.
MLA Işınkaralar, Kaan. “Performance of Gas-Phase Toluene by Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Robinia Pseudoacacia L. As Lignocellulosic Material”. Sakarya University Journal of Science, vol. 26, no. 2, 2022, pp. 410-2, doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.1051342.
Vancouver Işınkaralar K. Performance of Gas-Phase Toluene by Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Robinia Pseudoacacia L. as Lignocellulosic Material. SAUJS. 2022;26(2):410-2.
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