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Şeyl Gazı; Jeolojik Özellikleri, Çevresel Etkileri ve Küresel Ekonomik Anlamı

Year 2016, Volume: 59 Issue: 2, 211 - 237, 01.04.2016
https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.298230

Abstract

Küresel enerji prospeksiyonu özellikle son birkaç yıl içinde üretilmesi güç petrol (tight reservoir) ve şeyl gaz (kaya gazı) gibi geleneksel olmayan enerji kaynaklarının (ankonvansiyonel) üretiminde kullanılabilecek teknolojinin gelişmesi ile önemli oranda değişim göstermiştir. Ekonomik olarak büyük katkı sağladığı görülen ve gelecekte ekonomik, sosyal ve politik alanlarda daha büyük etki potansiyelinin olacağı öngörülen bu kaynaklar, birçok ülkede ve milyonlarca insan tarafından yüzey suları, yeraltı suları ve yerel hava kalitesi açısından zararlı olduğu gerekçesi ile protesto edilmiş ve bu konuların da ekonomik getiri ile birlikte ayrıntılı olarak değerlendirilmesini zorunlu kılmıştır. Özellikle, küresel ölçekte yaşanan doğal felaketler, 20. yüzyılda küresel ısınma, atmosferin kimyasal bileşimi ve bu bileşimsel değişikliklerin ekoloji ve insanlığa olan etkisine ilgi çekmiştir. Bu makalede özellikle son yılların ilgi odağı haline gelen, ekonomik prospeksiyonları alt üst etmesi yanı sıra, küresel politikanın da belki yeniden şekillenmesine neden olan şeyl gazının oluşumu, şeyl kaynak kayalarının petrofiziksel özellikleri, araştırma ve üretim teknikleri ile ülkelerin enerji ihtiyacının karşılanmasındaki rolü, bu sırada ekolojiye olan etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Enerji kaynaklarının tarihsel süreçte olduğu gibi gelecekte de sadece yakıt ve enerji kaynağı olarak bir anlam taşımayacağı, ekonomi ve sosyal alanlardaki etkilerinden bahsedilerek ifade edilmeye çalışılmıştır.

References

  • Arthur, M.A. ve Cole, D.R., 2014. Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources: Prospects and Problems. Elements 10:257-264
  • Bahtiyar, İ., 2012. Türkiye Petrol Jeologları Derneği Basın Açıklaması. http://www.haberturk.com/ekonomi/makro-ekonomi/haber/735797turkiyede-40-yil-yetecek-kaya-gazi-var. Erişim Tarihi 03.03.2016
  • BBC. 2013. North American firms quit shale gas fracking in Poland. BBC News. Available at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-22459629. Accessed May 8, 2013.
  • Bloomberg. 2011. Shell ends shale gas search in Sweden; invests in China fields. Available at http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-07-28/shell-ends-shale-gas-search-in-swedeninvests-inchina-fields.html. Accessed December 1, 2014.
  • Bloomberg. 2012. German lawmakers reject ban on shale gas fracking in parliament. Bloomberg News. Available at http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-12-13/german-lawmakersrejectban-on-shale-gas-fracking-in-parliament.html.
  • Bryndzia, L.T., ve Braunsdorf, N.R., 2014. From source rock to reservoir: The evolution of selfsourced unconventional resource plays. Elements 14, 271-276.
  • Buller, D., Hughes, S.N., Market, J., Petre, J.E., Spain, D.R., Odumosu, T., 2010. Petrophysical evaluation for enchancing hydrolic stimulation in horizontal shale gas wells. SPE Annual Tecnical Conf. And Exh., Florence, SPE-132900-MS.
  • Bustin, R.M., 2006. Geology report: where are the high-potential regions expected to be in Canada and the U.S.? Capturing opportunities in Canadian shale gas. Second Annual Shale Gas Conference, The Canadian Institute, Calgary-Canada.
  • Bustin, A.M.M., Bustin, R.M., Cui, X., 2008. Importance of fabric on the production of gas shales. SPE Paper No. 114167. Proceedings of the Unconventional Gas Conference, Keystone, Colorado, February 10-12.
  • Caineng, Z., Dazhong, D., Wang, S., Jianzhong, L., Xinjing, L., Yuman, W., Denghua, L., Keming, C., 2010. Geological characteristics and resource potential of shale gas in China. Petrol Explor Dev; 37 (6): 641–653.
  • Engelder, T., Cathles, LM, Bryndzia, LT, 2014. The fate of residual treatment water in gas shale. Journal of Unconventional Oil and gas resources 7, 33-48.
  • CPFI, 2013. Shale gas exploration and production, Key issues and responsible business practices, Guidance note for financiers
  • Etiope, G., Schoell, M., 2014. Abiotic gas: A typical, but not rare. Elements 10, 291-296.
  • Fisher, M.K., Heinze, J.R., Harris, C.D., McDavidson, B.M., Wright, C.A., Dunn, K.P., 2004. Optimizing horizontal completion techniques in the Barnett shale using microseismic fracture mapping. Paper No. SPE 90051. Proceedings of the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 26-29 September, Houston, TX.
  • Kavak, K., 2013. Dünyadaki enerji oyununu değiştiren yeni faktör: konvansiyonel olmayan petrol ve doğal gaz, Enerji Araştırmalar Merkezi Makale No:1
  • Kennedy, R., 2010. Shale gas challenges/technologies over the asset life cycle. US China Oil and Gas Industry Forum. Baker Hughes.
  • King, G.E., 2010. Thirty years of gas shale fracturing: what have we learned? Paper No. SPE 133456. Proceedings of the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, September, Florence, Italy.
  • Lakatos, I., ve Szabo, J.L., 2009. Role of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons in the 21st century: Comparison of resources, reserves, recovery factors and technologies. Society of Petroleum Engineers; SPE-121775-MS.
  • Lash, G.G., Engelder, T., 2011. Thickness trends and squence stratigraphy of the Middle Devonian Marcellus Formation, Appalachian Basin: Implications for Acadian foreland basin evolution. AAPG Bull. 95, 61-103.
  • Lu, S., Huang, W., Chen, F., Li, J., Wang, M., Xue, H., Wang, W., Cai, X. 2012. Classification and evaluation criteria of shale oil and gas resources: Discussion and application. Petrol Explor Dev 39 (2): 268–276.
  • Lucier, A.M., Hoffmann, R., Bryndzia, L.T., 2011. Evaluation of variable gas saturation on acoustic log data from the Haynesville shale gas play, NW Louisiana, USA. The Leading Edge 30, 300-311.
  • Martini, A.M., Walter, L.M., Budai, J.M., Ku, T.C.W., Kaiser, C.J., Schoell, M., 1998. Genetic and temporal relations between formation waters and biogenic methane: Upper Devonian Antrim shale, Michigan Basin, USA. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62 (10), 1699-1720.
  • Martini, A.M., Walter, L.M., Ku, T.C.W., Budai, J.M., McIntosh, J.C., Schoell, M., 2003. Microbial production and modification of gases in sedimentary basins: a geochemical case study from a Devonian shale gas play, Michigan Basin. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull. 87 (8), 1355-1375.
  • Martini, A.M., Nüsslein, K., Petsch, S.T., 2004. Enhancing microbial gas from unconventional reservoirs: geochemical and microbiological characterization of methane-rich fractured black shales. Final Report. Subcontract No. R-520, GRI05/0023. Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America, Washington, DC.
  • Molofsky, L.J., Connor, J.A., Farhat, S.K., Wylie, A.S. Jr, Wagner, T., 2011. Methane in Pennsylnvania water wells unrelated to Marcellus shale fracturing. Oil and Gas Journal, pp. 54-67.
  • Odusina, E.O., Sondergeld, C.H., Rai, C.S., 2011. NMR study of shale wettability. Canadian Unconventional Resources Conf. Alberta-Canada, Soc. of Petroleum Eng.
  • Passey, Q.R., Bohacs, K.M., Esch, W.L., Klimentidis, R., Sinha, S., 2010. From oil-prone source rocks to gas-producing shale reservoir-geologic and petrophysical characterization of unconventional shale-gas reservoir. SPE Paper No. 131350. Proceedings of the CPS/SPE International Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition, June 8-10, Beijing, China.
  • Ratner, M., ve Tiemann, M., 2013. An overview of unconventional oil and natural gas: Resources and Federal actions. Congressional Research Service Report R43148
  • Reddy, T.R., ve Nair, R.R., 2012. Fracture characterization of shale gas reservoir using connectedcluster DFN simulation. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Drilling Technology 2012 (ICDT-2012) and
  • First National Symposium on Petroleum Science and Engineering 2012 (NSPSE-2012). Sharma, R., Sundaravadivelu, R., Bhattacharyya, S.K., Subramanian, S.P. (Eds.), 6-8 December, pp.133-136.
  • Rezaee, R., ve Rothwell, M., 2015. Gas Shale: Global Significance, distribution, and challenges Fundamentals of Gas Shale Reservoirs, First Edition. Edited by Reza Rezaee. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Ridley, M., 2011. The shale gas shock. The Global Warming Policy Foundation, Report 2
  • Schrag, D.P., 2012. Is shale gas good for climate change? Dædalus, J. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 141 (2), 72-80.
  • Scott, A.R., Kaiser, W.R., Ayers, W.B., 1994. Thermogenic and secondary biogenic gases, San Juan Basin, Colorado and New Mexico: implications for coalbed gas productivity. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull. 78 (8), 1186-1209.
  • Shine, K.P., 2009. The global warming potential-the need for an interdisciplinary retrial. Clim. Change 96 (4), 467-472.
  • Smith, A.L., 2011. First correlation of NORM with a specific geologic hypothesis. SPE European Health, Safety and Environmental Conference in oil and gas production, SPE 138136, 17 p
  • Speight, J.G., 2013. Shale gas production Process, Gulf Professional Publ. Elsevier, 162 p.
  • Staff, 2010. Unconventional gas outlook, the next wave. Volume 1. Draft for participant review. Core Energy Group; Staff. 2025
  • Tissot, B., ve Welte, D.H., 1984. Petroleum Formation and Occurrence: Springer–Verlag, Berlin.
  • US EIA 2010. Schematic geology of natural gas resources. Available at http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/special/ ngresources/ngresources. html. Accessed April 19, 2013.
  • US EPA, 2012. Regulation of Hydraulic Fracturing Under the Safe Drinking Water Act. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
  • US EIA, 2013a. Shale gas exploration and production Key issues and responsible business practices, Guidance note for financiers, 34 p.
  • US EIA/ARI, 2013b. Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources: An Assessment of 137 Shale Formations in 41 Countries Outside the United States, 730 p.
  • US EIA/ARI, 2014. Annual Energy Outlook 2014 with projections to 2040, www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo
  • US EIA, 2015. The Annual Energy Outlook 2015 (AEO2015), 154 s.
  • Vidic, R.D., Brantley, S.L., Vandenbossche, J.M., Yoxtheimer, D., Abad, J.D., 2013. Impact of shale gas development on regional water quality. Science 340.
  • Yalçın, M.N., 2013. Kaya Gazı (Shale Gas), Doğal Gaz Dergisi, Sayı: 75, (Kasım-Aralık 2012), s.67
  • Yergin, D., 1991. Petrol: Para ve güç çatışmasının Epik öyküsü, TC İş Bankası Yay. 332, 742 s.
  • Wipf, R.A. ve Party, J.M., 2006. Shale Plays-A US Overview. AAPG Energy Minerals Division Southwest Section Annual Meeting.
  • World Energy Outlook 2015. Yönetici özeti, Ocak 2016 Yayın No: TÜSİAD-T/2016/01/572
  • Zhang, J., Delshad, M., Sepehrnoori, K., 2007. Development of a framework for optimization of reservoir simulation studies. J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 59, 135-146.
  • http://www.fractracker.org/2015/08/1-7-million-wells/
  • http://www.propublica.org/special/hydraulic-fracturing
  • http://ekonomi.isbank.com.tr
  • www.opec.com
Year 2016, Volume: 59 Issue: 2, 211 - 237, 01.04.2016
https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.298230

Abstract

References

  • Arthur, M.A. ve Cole, D.R., 2014. Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources: Prospects and Problems. Elements 10:257-264
  • Bahtiyar, İ., 2012. Türkiye Petrol Jeologları Derneği Basın Açıklaması. http://www.haberturk.com/ekonomi/makro-ekonomi/haber/735797turkiyede-40-yil-yetecek-kaya-gazi-var. Erişim Tarihi 03.03.2016
  • BBC. 2013. North American firms quit shale gas fracking in Poland. BBC News. Available at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-22459629. Accessed May 8, 2013.
  • Bloomberg. 2011. Shell ends shale gas search in Sweden; invests in China fields. Available at http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-07-28/shell-ends-shale-gas-search-in-swedeninvests-inchina-fields.html. Accessed December 1, 2014.
  • Bloomberg. 2012. German lawmakers reject ban on shale gas fracking in parliament. Bloomberg News. Available at http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-12-13/german-lawmakersrejectban-on-shale-gas-fracking-in-parliament.html.
  • Bryndzia, L.T., ve Braunsdorf, N.R., 2014. From source rock to reservoir: The evolution of selfsourced unconventional resource plays. Elements 14, 271-276.
  • Buller, D., Hughes, S.N., Market, J., Petre, J.E., Spain, D.R., Odumosu, T., 2010. Petrophysical evaluation for enchancing hydrolic stimulation in horizontal shale gas wells. SPE Annual Tecnical Conf. And Exh., Florence, SPE-132900-MS.
  • Bustin, R.M., 2006. Geology report: where are the high-potential regions expected to be in Canada and the U.S.? Capturing opportunities in Canadian shale gas. Second Annual Shale Gas Conference, The Canadian Institute, Calgary-Canada.
  • Bustin, A.M.M., Bustin, R.M., Cui, X., 2008. Importance of fabric on the production of gas shales. SPE Paper No. 114167. Proceedings of the Unconventional Gas Conference, Keystone, Colorado, February 10-12.
  • Caineng, Z., Dazhong, D., Wang, S., Jianzhong, L., Xinjing, L., Yuman, W., Denghua, L., Keming, C., 2010. Geological characteristics and resource potential of shale gas in China. Petrol Explor Dev; 37 (6): 641–653.
  • Engelder, T., Cathles, LM, Bryndzia, LT, 2014. The fate of residual treatment water in gas shale. Journal of Unconventional Oil and gas resources 7, 33-48.
  • CPFI, 2013. Shale gas exploration and production, Key issues and responsible business practices, Guidance note for financiers
  • Etiope, G., Schoell, M., 2014. Abiotic gas: A typical, but not rare. Elements 10, 291-296.
  • Fisher, M.K., Heinze, J.R., Harris, C.D., McDavidson, B.M., Wright, C.A., Dunn, K.P., 2004. Optimizing horizontal completion techniques in the Barnett shale using microseismic fracture mapping. Paper No. SPE 90051. Proceedings of the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 26-29 September, Houston, TX.
  • Kavak, K., 2013. Dünyadaki enerji oyununu değiştiren yeni faktör: konvansiyonel olmayan petrol ve doğal gaz, Enerji Araştırmalar Merkezi Makale No:1
  • Kennedy, R., 2010. Shale gas challenges/technologies over the asset life cycle. US China Oil and Gas Industry Forum. Baker Hughes.
  • King, G.E., 2010. Thirty years of gas shale fracturing: what have we learned? Paper No. SPE 133456. Proceedings of the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, September, Florence, Italy.
  • Lakatos, I., ve Szabo, J.L., 2009. Role of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbons in the 21st century: Comparison of resources, reserves, recovery factors and technologies. Society of Petroleum Engineers; SPE-121775-MS.
  • Lash, G.G., Engelder, T., 2011. Thickness trends and squence stratigraphy of the Middle Devonian Marcellus Formation, Appalachian Basin: Implications for Acadian foreland basin evolution. AAPG Bull. 95, 61-103.
  • Lu, S., Huang, W., Chen, F., Li, J., Wang, M., Xue, H., Wang, W., Cai, X. 2012. Classification and evaluation criteria of shale oil and gas resources: Discussion and application. Petrol Explor Dev 39 (2): 268–276.
  • Lucier, A.M., Hoffmann, R., Bryndzia, L.T., 2011. Evaluation of variable gas saturation on acoustic log data from the Haynesville shale gas play, NW Louisiana, USA. The Leading Edge 30, 300-311.
  • Martini, A.M., Walter, L.M., Budai, J.M., Ku, T.C.W., Kaiser, C.J., Schoell, M., 1998. Genetic and temporal relations between formation waters and biogenic methane: Upper Devonian Antrim shale, Michigan Basin, USA. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62 (10), 1699-1720.
  • Martini, A.M., Walter, L.M., Ku, T.C.W., Budai, J.M., McIntosh, J.C., Schoell, M., 2003. Microbial production and modification of gases in sedimentary basins: a geochemical case study from a Devonian shale gas play, Michigan Basin. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull. 87 (8), 1355-1375.
  • Martini, A.M., Nüsslein, K., Petsch, S.T., 2004. Enhancing microbial gas from unconventional reservoirs: geochemical and microbiological characterization of methane-rich fractured black shales. Final Report. Subcontract No. R-520, GRI05/0023. Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America, Washington, DC.
  • Molofsky, L.J., Connor, J.A., Farhat, S.K., Wylie, A.S. Jr, Wagner, T., 2011. Methane in Pennsylnvania water wells unrelated to Marcellus shale fracturing. Oil and Gas Journal, pp. 54-67.
  • Odusina, E.O., Sondergeld, C.H., Rai, C.S., 2011. NMR study of shale wettability. Canadian Unconventional Resources Conf. Alberta-Canada, Soc. of Petroleum Eng.
  • Passey, Q.R., Bohacs, K.M., Esch, W.L., Klimentidis, R., Sinha, S., 2010. From oil-prone source rocks to gas-producing shale reservoir-geologic and petrophysical characterization of unconventional shale-gas reservoir. SPE Paper No. 131350. Proceedings of the CPS/SPE International Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition, June 8-10, Beijing, China.
  • Ratner, M., ve Tiemann, M., 2013. An overview of unconventional oil and natural gas: Resources and Federal actions. Congressional Research Service Report R43148
  • Reddy, T.R., ve Nair, R.R., 2012. Fracture characterization of shale gas reservoir using connectedcluster DFN simulation. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Drilling Technology 2012 (ICDT-2012) and
  • First National Symposium on Petroleum Science and Engineering 2012 (NSPSE-2012). Sharma, R., Sundaravadivelu, R., Bhattacharyya, S.K., Subramanian, S.P. (Eds.), 6-8 December, pp.133-136.
  • Rezaee, R., ve Rothwell, M., 2015. Gas Shale: Global Significance, distribution, and challenges Fundamentals of Gas Shale Reservoirs, First Edition. Edited by Reza Rezaee. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Ridley, M., 2011. The shale gas shock. The Global Warming Policy Foundation, Report 2
  • Schrag, D.P., 2012. Is shale gas good for climate change? Dædalus, J. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 141 (2), 72-80.
  • Scott, A.R., Kaiser, W.R., Ayers, W.B., 1994. Thermogenic and secondary biogenic gases, San Juan Basin, Colorado and New Mexico: implications for coalbed gas productivity. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull. 78 (8), 1186-1209.
  • Shine, K.P., 2009. The global warming potential-the need for an interdisciplinary retrial. Clim. Change 96 (4), 467-472.
  • Smith, A.L., 2011. First correlation of NORM with a specific geologic hypothesis. SPE European Health, Safety and Environmental Conference in oil and gas production, SPE 138136, 17 p
  • Speight, J.G., 2013. Shale gas production Process, Gulf Professional Publ. Elsevier, 162 p.
  • Staff, 2010. Unconventional gas outlook, the next wave. Volume 1. Draft for participant review. Core Energy Group; Staff. 2025
  • Tissot, B., ve Welte, D.H., 1984. Petroleum Formation and Occurrence: Springer–Verlag, Berlin.
  • US EIA 2010. Schematic geology of natural gas resources. Available at http://www.eia.gov/oil_gas/natural_gas/special/ ngresources/ngresources. html. Accessed April 19, 2013.
  • US EPA, 2012. Regulation of Hydraulic Fracturing Under the Safe Drinking Water Act. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
  • US EIA, 2013a. Shale gas exploration and production Key issues and responsible business practices, Guidance note for financiers, 34 p.
  • US EIA/ARI, 2013b. Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources: An Assessment of 137 Shale Formations in 41 Countries Outside the United States, 730 p.
  • US EIA/ARI, 2014. Annual Energy Outlook 2014 with projections to 2040, www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo
  • US EIA, 2015. The Annual Energy Outlook 2015 (AEO2015), 154 s.
  • Vidic, R.D., Brantley, S.L., Vandenbossche, J.M., Yoxtheimer, D., Abad, J.D., 2013. Impact of shale gas development on regional water quality. Science 340.
  • Yalçın, M.N., 2013. Kaya Gazı (Shale Gas), Doğal Gaz Dergisi, Sayı: 75, (Kasım-Aralık 2012), s.67
  • Yergin, D., 1991. Petrol: Para ve güç çatışmasının Epik öyküsü, TC İş Bankası Yay. 332, 742 s.
  • Wipf, R.A. ve Party, J.M., 2006. Shale Plays-A US Overview. AAPG Energy Minerals Division Southwest Section Annual Meeting.
  • World Energy Outlook 2015. Yönetici özeti, Ocak 2016 Yayın No: TÜSİAD-T/2016/01/572
  • Zhang, J., Delshad, M., Sepehrnoori, K., 2007. Development of a framework for optimization of reservoir simulation studies. J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 59, 135-146.
  • http://www.fractracker.org/2015/08/1-7-million-wells/
  • http://www.propublica.org/special/hydraulic-fracturing
  • http://ekonomi.isbank.com.tr
  • www.opec.com
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Geological Sciences and Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Makaleler - Articles
Authors

Nazan Yalçın Erik

Publication Date April 1, 2016
Submission Date March 15, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 59 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yalçın Erik, N. (2016). Şeyl Gazı; Jeolojik Özellikleri, Çevresel Etkileri ve Küresel Ekonomik Anlamı. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, 59(2), 211-237. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.298230
AMA Yalçın Erik N. Şeyl Gazı; Jeolojik Özellikleri, Çevresel Etkileri ve Küresel Ekonomik Anlamı. Geol. Bull. Turkey. April 2016;59(2):211-237. doi:10.25288/tjb.298230
Chicago Yalçın Erik, Nazan. “Şeyl Gazı; Jeolojik Özellikleri, Çevresel Etkileri Ve Küresel Ekonomik Anlamı”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 59, no. 2 (April 2016): 211-37. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.298230.
EndNote Yalçın Erik N (April 1, 2016) Şeyl Gazı; Jeolojik Özellikleri, Çevresel Etkileri ve Küresel Ekonomik Anlamı. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 59 2 211–237.
IEEE N. Yalçın Erik, “Şeyl Gazı; Jeolojik Özellikleri, Çevresel Etkileri ve Küresel Ekonomik Anlamı”, Geol. Bull. Turkey, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 211–237, 2016, doi: 10.25288/tjb.298230.
ISNAD Yalçın Erik, Nazan. “Şeyl Gazı; Jeolojik Özellikleri, Çevresel Etkileri Ve Küresel Ekonomik Anlamı”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 59/2 (April 2016), 211-237. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.298230.
JAMA Yalçın Erik N. Şeyl Gazı; Jeolojik Özellikleri, Çevresel Etkileri ve Küresel Ekonomik Anlamı. Geol. Bull. Turkey. 2016;59:211–237.
MLA Yalçın Erik, Nazan. “Şeyl Gazı; Jeolojik Özellikleri, Çevresel Etkileri Ve Küresel Ekonomik Anlamı”. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, vol. 59, no. 2, 2016, pp. 211-37, doi:10.25288/tjb.298230.
Vancouver Yalçın Erik N. Şeyl Gazı; Jeolojik Özellikleri, Çevresel Etkileri ve Küresel Ekonomik Anlamı. Geol. Bull. Turkey. 2016;59(2):211-37.

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