Yüksek oranda lif dolgu maddesi kullanımının odun plastik kompozit malzemenin mekanik özellikleri üzerine etkisinin araştırılması
Abstract
Bu çalışmada yüksek yoğunluklu polietilen (YYPE) ve % 40-70
aralığında değişen oranlarda odun lifi kullanılarak odun plastik kompozit (OPK)
malzemeler üretilmiştir. Üretilen bu malzemelerin çekme direnci, eğilme
direnci, elastikiyet modülü ve şok direnci gibi mekanik özelliklerine lif
oranın etkisi araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca bağlayıcı ajan etkisinin araştırılması
için en düşük ve en yüksek odun katkı oranlarına sahip malzemeye maleik
anhidrit ile muamele edilmiş polietilen (MAPE) eklenmiştir. Kompozit örnekleri
laboratuvar tipi ikiz vidalı ektrüder kullanılarak üretilmiştir ve sıcak presle
kalıplama yöntemi ile test levhaları hazırlanmıştır. Sonuçlar göre bağlayıcı
ajan olmayan örnek grupları için genel anlamda kompozit malzeme içeriğindeki
odun lifi oranının artması mekanik özelliklerdeki eğilme, çekme ve şok
dirençlerini azaltırken elastikiyet modülü değerlerini artırmıştır. Ancak
malzeme içeriğine bağlayıcı ajan MAPE eklenmesi mekanik özellikleri önemli
ölçüde iyileştirmiş. Özellikle %70 odun lifi ve MAPE içeren kompozit örnekler,
bağlayıcı içermeyen tüm örnek gruplarından daha iyi mekanik sonuçlar
göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma ile yüksek lif oranı ile düşük
maliyetli, hafif ve estetik görünüme ve aynı zamanda iyi mekanik özelliklere
sahip OPK malzemelerin üretilebileceği gösterilmiştir.
References
- ASTM Standard D618-13, 2013. Standard practice for conditioning plastics for testing. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
- ASTM Standard D790-15, 2015. Standard test methods for flexural properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics and electrical insulating materials. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
- ASTM Standard D638-14, 2014. Standard test method for tensile properties of plastics. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
- ASTM Standard D256-10, 2010. Standard test methods for determining the izod pendulum impact resistance of plastics. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
- Aysal, S., Kartal, S.N., Terzi, E., 2013. Evaluation of relationship between moisture content and biological performance of wood plastic composites. International Caucasian Forestry Symposium, 24-26 October 2013, Artvin, Turkey, s. 888-893.
- Bouafif, H., Koubaa, A., Perré, P., Cloutier, A., 2009. Effects of fiber characteristics on the physical and mechanical properties of wood plastic composites. Composites, A(40): 1975-1981.
- Brandt, C.W., Fridley, K.J., 2003. Effect of load rate on flexural properties of wood plastic composites. Wood Fiber Science, 46(6): 812-819.
- Chaharmahali, M., Mirbagheri, J., Tajvidi, M., Najafi, S.K., Mirbagheri, Y., 2010. Mechanical and physical properties of wood-plastic composite panels. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 29: 310-319.
- Cui, Y.H., Tao, J., Noruziaan, B., Cheung, M., Lee, S., 2010. DSC analysis and mechanical properties of wood-plastic composites. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 29(2): 278-289.
- Felix, J.M., Gatenholm, P., Schreiber, H.P., 1993. Controlled interactions in cellulose-polymer composites-I. Effect on mechanical properties. Polymer Composites, 14(6): 449-457.
- Jeefferie, A.R., Yaakob, M.Y., Sihombing, H., 2011. Mechanical properties evaluation for enviro-wood plastic composite made of HDPE-PPB-RWF mixtures. International Journal of Advances in Science and Technology, 3(2): 87-101.
- Kaymakçı, A., Ayrılmış, N., Akbulut, T., 2014. Dış cephe kaplamalarına ekolojik bir yaklaşım: ahşap polimer kompozitler. 7. Ulusal Çatı & Cephe Sempozyumu, 3-4 Nisan 2014, İstanbul, s. 1-7.
- Kim, J.K., Pal, K., 2010. Recent Advances in The Processing of Wood-Plastic Composites. Springer, Berlin.
- Kord, B., 2011. Investigation of reinforcing filler loading in the mechanical properties of wood plastic composites. World Applied Sciences Journal, 13(1): 171-174. Li, Y., 2012. Effect of coupling agent concentration, fiber content, and size on mechanical properties of wood/HDPE composites. International Journal of Polymeric Materials, 61(11): 882-890.
- Lu, J.Z., Wu, Q., McNabb, H.S., 2000. Chemical coupling in wood fiber and polymer composites: A review of coupling agents and treatments. Wood Fiber Science, 32(1): 88-104.
- Lu, J.Z., Wu, Q., Negulescu, I.I., 2005. Wood-fiber/highdensitypolyethylene composites: Coupling agent performance. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 96(1): 93-102.
- Markarian, J., 2005. Wood-plastic composites: Current trends in materials and processing. Plastics, Additives and Compounding, 7(5): 20-26.
- Mengeloğlu, F., Karakuş, K., 2008. Some properties of eucalyptus wood flour filled recycled high density polyethylene polymer-composites. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 32(6): 537-546.
- Morreale, M., Scaffaro R., Maio, A., La Mantia, F.P., 2008. Effect of adding wood flour to the physical properties of a biodegradable polymer. Composites, A(39): 503-513.
- Nozari, O., Madanipour, M., Farsi, M., Tabei, A., 2013. Mechanical properties and water uptake of nanoclay/wood flour/LDPE composites after fiber surface mercerization. Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 47: 295-301. Özmen, N., Çetin, N. S., Narlıoğlu, N., Çavuş, V., Altuntaş, E., 2014. MDF atıklarının odun plastik kompozitlerin üretiminde değerlendirilmesi. SDÜ Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 15: 65-71.
- San, P.K., Nee, L.A., Meng, H.C., 2008. Physical and bending properties of ınjection moulded wood plastic composites boards. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3(5): 13-19. Sanadi, A.R., Caufield, D.F., Jacobson, R.E., 1997. Agro-fiber thermoplastic composites. In: Rowell, R.M., Young, R.A., Rowell J.K. (Eds.), Paper and Composites from Agro-Based Resources, CRC Lewis Press Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 377-401.
- Taşçıoğlu, C., Yoshimura, T., Tsunoda, K., 2013. Biological performance of wood–plastic omposites containing zinc borate: Laboratory and 3-year field test results. Composites, B(51): 185-190.
- Ward, I.M., Hadley, D.W., 1993. Mechanical Properties of Solid Polimers. John Wiley&Sons LTD, Chichester, England.
- Zabihzadeh, S.M., 2010. Flexural properties and orthotropic swelling behavior of bagasse/thermoplastic composites. Bioresources,5(2):650-660.
Investigation of the effect of high-fibrous filling material on the mechanical properties of wood plastic composites
Abstract
In this study, wood plastic composite (WPC) materials were
produced using high density polyethylene (HDPE) and wood fiber at various
ratios ranging from 40% to 70%. The effects of fiber content on mechanical
properties such as tensile strength, bending strength, elasticity modulus and
shock resistance of these materials were investigated. In addition, maleic
anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) was also added to the materials, which
had lowest and highest wood fiber additive, to investigate the effect of the
binding agent effect. Composite samples were produced via a laboratory type
twin screw extruder and test panels were prepared using hot press molding
method. According to the results, the bending, tensile and shock resistances
generally decreased with the increasing ratio of wood fiber in the composite
material content while modulus of elasticity
increased for the sample groups without coupling agent. However, the
addition of the coupling agent MAPE into the material content significantly
improved the mechanical properties. Especially, the addition of MAPE provided
better resistance values than all sample groups without MAPE even for the
samples containing 70% wood fiber. As a result, with this study, it has been
shown that WPC materials with low cost, light weight, aesthetic appearance and
good mechanical properties as well could be produced with high fiber ratio.
References
- ASTM Standard D618-13, 2013. Standard practice for conditioning plastics for testing. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
- ASTM Standard D790-15, 2015. Standard test methods for flexural properties of unreinforced and reinforced plastics and electrical insulating materials. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
- ASTM Standard D638-14, 2014. Standard test method for tensile properties of plastics. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
- ASTM Standard D256-10, 2010. Standard test methods for determining the izod pendulum impact resistance of plastics. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
- Aysal, S., Kartal, S.N., Terzi, E., 2013. Evaluation of relationship between moisture content and biological performance of wood plastic composites. International Caucasian Forestry Symposium, 24-26 October 2013, Artvin, Turkey, s. 888-893.
- Bouafif, H., Koubaa, A., Perré, P., Cloutier, A., 2009. Effects of fiber characteristics on the physical and mechanical properties of wood plastic composites. Composites, A(40): 1975-1981.
- Brandt, C.W., Fridley, K.J., 2003. Effect of load rate on flexural properties of wood plastic composites. Wood Fiber Science, 46(6): 812-819.
- Chaharmahali, M., Mirbagheri, J., Tajvidi, M., Najafi, S.K., Mirbagheri, Y., 2010. Mechanical and physical properties of wood-plastic composite panels. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 29: 310-319.
- Cui, Y.H., Tao, J., Noruziaan, B., Cheung, M., Lee, S., 2010. DSC analysis and mechanical properties of wood-plastic composites. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 29(2): 278-289.
- Felix, J.M., Gatenholm, P., Schreiber, H.P., 1993. Controlled interactions in cellulose-polymer composites-I. Effect on mechanical properties. Polymer Composites, 14(6): 449-457.
- Jeefferie, A.R., Yaakob, M.Y., Sihombing, H., 2011. Mechanical properties evaluation for enviro-wood plastic composite made of HDPE-PPB-RWF mixtures. International Journal of Advances in Science and Technology, 3(2): 87-101.
- Kaymakçı, A., Ayrılmış, N., Akbulut, T., 2014. Dış cephe kaplamalarına ekolojik bir yaklaşım: ahşap polimer kompozitler. 7. Ulusal Çatı & Cephe Sempozyumu, 3-4 Nisan 2014, İstanbul, s. 1-7.
- Kim, J.K., Pal, K., 2010. Recent Advances in The Processing of Wood-Plastic Composites. Springer, Berlin.
- Kord, B., 2011. Investigation of reinforcing filler loading in the mechanical properties of wood plastic composites. World Applied Sciences Journal, 13(1): 171-174. Li, Y., 2012. Effect of coupling agent concentration, fiber content, and size on mechanical properties of wood/HDPE composites. International Journal of Polymeric Materials, 61(11): 882-890.
- Lu, J.Z., Wu, Q., McNabb, H.S., 2000. Chemical coupling in wood fiber and polymer composites: A review of coupling agents and treatments. Wood Fiber Science, 32(1): 88-104.
- Lu, J.Z., Wu, Q., Negulescu, I.I., 2005. Wood-fiber/highdensitypolyethylene composites: Coupling agent performance. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 96(1): 93-102.
- Markarian, J., 2005. Wood-plastic composites: Current trends in materials and processing. Plastics, Additives and Compounding, 7(5): 20-26.
- Mengeloğlu, F., Karakuş, K., 2008. Some properties of eucalyptus wood flour filled recycled high density polyethylene polymer-composites. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 32(6): 537-546.
- Morreale, M., Scaffaro R., Maio, A., La Mantia, F.P., 2008. Effect of adding wood flour to the physical properties of a biodegradable polymer. Composites, A(39): 503-513.
- Nozari, O., Madanipour, M., Farsi, M., Tabei, A., 2013. Mechanical properties and water uptake of nanoclay/wood flour/LDPE composites after fiber surface mercerization. Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 47: 295-301. Özmen, N., Çetin, N. S., Narlıoğlu, N., Çavuş, V., Altuntaş, E., 2014. MDF atıklarının odun plastik kompozitlerin üretiminde değerlendirilmesi. SDÜ Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 15: 65-71.
- San, P.K., Nee, L.A., Meng, H.C., 2008. Physical and bending properties of ınjection moulded wood plastic composites boards. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 3(5): 13-19. Sanadi, A.R., Caufield, D.F., Jacobson, R.E., 1997. Agro-fiber thermoplastic composites. In: Rowell, R.M., Young, R.A., Rowell J.K. (Eds.), Paper and Composites from Agro-Based Resources, CRC Lewis Press Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 377-401.
- Taşçıoğlu, C., Yoshimura, T., Tsunoda, K., 2013. Biological performance of wood–plastic omposites containing zinc borate: Laboratory and 3-year field test results. Composites, B(51): 185-190.
- Ward, I.M., Hadley, D.W., 1993. Mechanical Properties of Solid Polimers. John Wiley&Sons LTD, Chichester, England.
- Zabihzadeh, S.M., 2010. Flexural properties and orthotropic swelling behavior of bagasse/thermoplastic composites. Bioresources,5(2):650-660.
Details
| Subjects | Engineering |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Orijinal Araştırma Makalesi |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | November 30, 2017 |
| Acceptance Date | October 11, 2017 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2017 Volume: 18 Issue: 3 |
