Esmer çürüklük mantarına karşı ısıl işlem görmüş ve yoğunlaştırılmış kavak odununun biyolojik dayanımının araştırılması
Abstract
Kavak odunu örnekleri, çevre ve insan sağlığına herhangi bir zararı olmaması nedeniyle önce ısıl işleme sonrada basınç altında yoğunlaştırma işlemine tabi tutulmuştur. Kavak odunu (Populus usbekistanica) örneklerine 120, 160 ve 200 °C sıcaklıklarda 60 ve 180 dakika olarak iki farklı süre ile ısıl işlem uygulanmış ve ısıl işlem gören örneklerin yarısının sıcak pres altında basınç ile yoğunluğu arttırılmıştır. Daha sonra, ısıl işlem uygulanan ve yoğunlaştırılan örneklerin, AWPA E10-12 standardı ve EN113 standardı modifiye edilerek petri kaplarında, esmer çürüklük mantarına karşı dayanımı araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, örneklerde sıcaklık ve zaman arttıkça kütle kaybının arttığı, en fazla kütle kaybının 200 °C’de süre artışına paralel olarak meydana geldiği tespit edilmiştir. Yoğunluğun, kütle kaybına bağlı olarak artan ısıl işlem sıcaklığıyla birlikte azaldığı, basınç işleminin yoğunluğu arttırdığı belirlenmiştir. Isıl işlem uygulandıktan sonra yoğunlaştırılan örneklerde, kütle kaybına bağlı olarak artan sıcaklıkla birlikte yoğunluk azalmaları görülmüştür. Öte yandan, AWPA standardına göre test edilen örnekler, Postia placenta mantarına karşı yoğunlaştırma işleminin, tek başına uygulanan ısıl işlem ile karşılaştırıldığında dayanımı arttırdığı, ayrıca Neolentinus lepideus mantarına karşı dayanımda ise, ısıl işlemin daha etkili olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Modifiye edilen EN 113 standardına göre petri kaplarında test edilen örneklerde, Coniophera puteana mantarına karşı yoğunlaştırma işlemi dayanımı arttırırken, Neolentinus lepideus mantarına karşı ise ısıl işlemin daha etkili olduğu ortaya konulmuştur.
Supporting Institution
Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi BAP Birimi
Project Number
2013/2-40M
Thanks
Projeye maddi katkı sağlayan Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi BAP Birimine teşekkür ederiz.
References
- Bal, B.C., Bektaş, İ., 2012. The effect of heat treatment on the physical properties of juvenile wood and mature wood of Eucalyptus grandis. Bioresources, 7(4): 5117-5127.
- Bami, L.K., Mohebby, B., 2011. Bioresistance of poplar wood compressed by combined hidro-thermo-mechanical wood modification(CHTM): Soft rot and brown-rot. Biodeterioration and Biodegredation, 65: 866-870.
- Boonstra, M.J., 2008. A two-stage thermal modification of wood. Ph.D. dissertation, in cosupervision Ghent University and Université Henry Poincaré – Nancy, 1, 297, ISBN 978-90-5989-210-1.
- Demirel, G.K., Temiz, A., 2015. Ahşap korumada çevre dostu modifikasyon yöntemleri. Selçuk Teknik Dergisi, Özel sayı (1): 1016-1032.
- Düzkale Sözbir, G., Bektaş, İ., Kılıç Ak, A., 2019. Influence of combined heat treatment and densification on mechanical properties of poplar wood. Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, 21(4): 481 – 492. DOI: 10.4067/S0718-221X2019005000405.
- Düzkale Sözbir, G., Bektaş, İ., 2017. The effect of heat modification and densification on physical properties of poplar wood. Drvna Industrıja, 68(4): 315-321.
- E 10-12, Standard Method Of Testing Wood Preservatives By Laboratory Soil-Block Cultures, American Wood Protection Association Standard, 2012
- EN 113, Determination of the Toxic Values Against Wood Destroying Basidiomycetes Cultured on Agar Medium, European Standard, 1994.
- Jones, D. and Enjily, V. (2006) The potential for modified materials in the panel products industry – Properties and availability. In Proceedings of the COST Action E44-E49 Conference in Valensia on Wood Resources and Panel Properties, pp. 23–30, Spain.
- Güller, B., 2012. Effects of heat treatment on density, dimensional stability and color of Pinus nigra wood. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(9): 2204-2209.
- Hakkou, M., Petrissans, M., Gerardin, P., Zoulalian, A., 2006. Investigations of the reasons for fungal durability of heat-treated beech wood. Polymer Degredation and Stability, 91: 393-397.
- Heger F, Groux M, Girardet F, Welzbacher C, Rapp AO, Navi P (2004) Mechanical and durability performance of THM-densified wood. Final workshop COST action E22, pp. 30-33, Lisbon, Portugal
- Kamke, F. A. (2006). “Densified radiata pine for structural composites,” Maderas. Ciencia y Tecnologia 8(2), 83-92. DOI: 10.4067/S0718-221X2006000200002.
- Kartal, S.N., Engür, M.O., Köse, C., 2006. Emprenye maddeleri ve emprenye edilmiş ağaç malzeme ile ilgili çevre problemleri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 56(1): 17-23.
- Korkut, S., Budakçı, M., 2010. The effects of high-temperature heat-treatment on physical properties and surface roughness of rowan (Sorbus Aucuparia L.) wood. Wood Research, 55(1): 67-78.
- Korkut, S., Kocaefe, D., 2009. Isıl işlemin odun özellikleri üzerine etkisi. Düzce Üniversitesi Ormancılık Dergisi, 5(2): 11-34.
- Lesar, B., Humar, M., Kamke, F.A., Kutnar, A., 2013. Influence of the thermo-hydro-mechanical treatments of wood on the performance against wood-degrading fungi. Wood Science and Technology, 47: 977–992. DOI 10.1007/s00226-013-0553-8.
- Metsa-Kortelainen, S., Viitanen, H., 2011. Wettability of sapwood and heartwood of thermally modified Norway spruce and Scots pine. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 70(1-3): 135-139.
- Rowell, R., Ibach, E.E., McSweeny, J., Nilsson, T., 2009. Understanding decay resistance, dimensional stability and strength changes in heat treated and acetylated wood. Proceedings of 4th European conference on wood modification, April 27-29, Stockholm, pp. 489-502.
- Skyba, O., Niemz, P., Schwarze, F.W.M.R., 2008. Degradation of thermo-hygro-mechanically (THM) densified wood by soft-rot fungi. Holzforschung, 62(3): 277–283.
- Skyba, O., Niemz, P., Schwarze, F.W.M.R., 2009. Resistance of thermo-hydro-mechanically (THM) densified wood to degredation by white rot fungi. Holzforschung, 63: 639-646.
- TS 2471, 1976: Wood, determination of moisture content for physical and mechanical tests. TSE (Turkish Standard Institution), Ankara, Turkey
- Unsal, O., Candan, Z., 2008, Moisture content, vertical density profile and janka hardness of thermally compressed pine wood panels as a function of press pressure and temperature. Drying Technology, 26(9): 1165–1169. DOI: 10.1080/07373930802266306.
- Unsal, O., Kartal, N., Candan, Z, Arango, R.A., Clausen, C.A., Green, F., 2009. Decay and termite resistance water absorption and swelling of thermally compressed wood panels. Internatianal Biodeterioration and Biodegredation, 63(5): 548-552.
- Wang, J.M., Zhao, G.J., Lida, I., 2000. Effect of oxidation on heat fixation compressed wood of China fir. Forestry Studies In China, 2: 73-79.
- Welzbacher, C.R., Wehsener, J., Rapp, A.O., Haller, P., 2008. Thermo-mechanical densification combined with thermal modification of Norway spruce in industrial scale- dimensinal stability and durability aspects. Holz. als Roh-und Werkstoff , 66: 39-49.
- Wikberg, H., 2004. Advanced solid state NMR spectroscopic techniques in the study of thermally modified wood. Academic Dissertation, University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Helsinki- Finland.
- Yılgör, N., Kartal, S.N., 2010. Heat modification of wood: Chemical properties and resistance to mold and decay fungi. Forest Products Journal, 60(4): 357-361. DOI: 10.13073/0015-7473-60.4.357.
Investigation of biological durability of heat treated and densified poplar wood against brown rot fungi
Abstract
Poplar wood samples were subjected to heat treatment first and then densification under pressure since there was no harm to the environment and human health. Poplar wood (Populus usbekistanica) samples were heat treated at 120, 160 and 200 °C for 60 and 180 minutes for two different periods and the density of half of the heat treated samples was increased under hot press. Then, the heat treated and densified samples, AWPA E10-12 standard and EN113 standard was modified, resistance to brown rot fungi was investigated. As a result of the study, it was determined that as the temperature and time increases, the mass loss increases and the maximum mass loss occurs in parallel with the increase in time at 200 °C. It has been determined that the density decreases with increasing heat treatment temperature due to the mass loss and the pressure treatment increases the density. Densified samples after heat treatment showed density decreases with increasing temperature due to mass loss. On the other hand, the samples tested according to the AWPA standard showed that the densification process against Postia placenta fungus increased the resistance compared to the heat treatment applied alone, and that heat treatment was more effective in resistance against Neolentinus lepideus fungus. In the samples tested in petri dishes according to the modified EN 113 standard, the densification process against Coniophera puteana fungus increased the resistance, while the heat treatment against Neolentinus lepideus fungus was found to be more effective.
Project Number
2013/2-40M
References
- Bal, B.C., Bektaş, İ., 2012. The effect of heat treatment on the physical properties of juvenile wood and mature wood of Eucalyptus grandis. Bioresources, 7(4): 5117-5127.
- Bami, L.K., Mohebby, B., 2011. Bioresistance of poplar wood compressed by combined hidro-thermo-mechanical wood modification(CHTM): Soft rot and brown-rot. Biodeterioration and Biodegredation, 65: 866-870.
- Boonstra, M.J., 2008. A two-stage thermal modification of wood. Ph.D. dissertation, in cosupervision Ghent University and Université Henry Poincaré – Nancy, 1, 297, ISBN 978-90-5989-210-1.
- Demirel, G.K., Temiz, A., 2015. Ahşap korumada çevre dostu modifikasyon yöntemleri. Selçuk Teknik Dergisi, Özel sayı (1): 1016-1032.
- Düzkale Sözbir, G., Bektaş, İ., Kılıç Ak, A., 2019. Influence of combined heat treatment and densification on mechanical properties of poplar wood. Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, 21(4): 481 – 492. DOI: 10.4067/S0718-221X2019005000405.
- Düzkale Sözbir, G., Bektaş, İ., 2017. The effect of heat modification and densification on physical properties of poplar wood. Drvna Industrıja, 68(4): 315-321.
- E 10-12, Standard Method Of Testing Wood Preservatives By Laboratory Soil-Block Cultures, American Wood Protection Association Standard, 2012
- EN 113, Determination of the Toxic Values Against Wood Destroying Basidiomycetes Cultured on Agar Medium, European Standard, 1994.
- Jones, D. and Enjily, V. (2006) The potential for modified materials in the panel products industry – Properties and availability. In Proceedings of the COST Action E44-E49 Conference in Valensia on Wood Resources and Panel Properties, pp. 23–30, Spain.
- Güller, B., 2012. Effects of heat treatment on density, dimensional stability and color of Pinus nigra wood. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(9): 2204-2209.
- Hakkou, M., Petrissans, M., Gerardin, P., Zoulalian, A., 2006. Investigations of the reasons for fungal durability of heat-treated beech wood. Polymer Degredation and Stability, 91: 393-397.
- Heger F, Groux M, Girardet F, Welzbacher C, Rapp AO, Navi P (2004) Mechanical and durability performance of THM-densified wood. Final workshop COST action E22, pp. 30-33, Lisbon, Portugal
- Kamke, F. A. (2006). “Densified radiata pine for structural composites,” Maderas. Ciencia y Tecnologia 8(2), 83-92. DOI: 10.4067/S0718-221X2006000200002.
- Kartal, S.N., Engür, M.O., Köse, C., 2006. Emprenye maddeleri ve emprenye edilmiş ağaç malzeme ile ilgili çevre problemleri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 56(1): 17-23.
- Korkut, S., Budakçı, M., 2010. The effects of high-temperature heat-treatment on physical properties and surface roughness of rowan (Sorbus Aucuparia L.) wood. Wood Research, 55(1): 67-78.
- Korkut, S., Kocaefe, D., 2009. Isıl işlemin odun özellikleri üzerine etkisi. Düzce Üniversitesi Ormancılık Dergisi, 5(2): 11-34.
- Lesar, B., Humar, M., Kamke, F.A., Kutnar, A., 2013. Influence of the thermo-hydro-mechanical treatments of wood on the performance against wood-degrading fungi. Wood Science and Technology, 47: 977–992. DOI 10.1007/s00226-013-0553-8.
- Metsa-Kortelainen, S., Viitanen, H., 2011. Wettability of sapwood and heartwood of thermally modified Norway spruce and Scots pine. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 70(1-3): 135-139.
- Rowell, R., Ibach, E.E., McSweeny, J., Nilsson, T., 2009. Understanding decay resistance, dimensional stability and strength changes in heat treated and acetylated wood. Proceedings of 4th European conference on wood modification, April 27-29, Stockholm, pp. 489-502.
- Skyba, O., Niemz, P., Schwarze, F.W.M.R., 2008. Degradation of thermo-hygro-mechanically (THM) densified wood by soft-rot fungi. Holzforschung, 62(3): 277–283.
- Skyba, O., Niemz, P., Schwarze, F.W.M.R., 2009. Resistance of thermo-hydro-mechanically (THM) densified wood to degredation by white rot fungi. Holzforschung, 63: 639-646.
- TS 2471, 1976: Wood, determination of moisture content for physical and mechanical tests. TSE (Turkish Standard Institution), Ankara, Turkey
- Unsal, O., Candan, Z., 2008, Moisture content, vertical density profile and janka hardness of thermally compressed pine wood panels as a function of press pressure and temperature. Drying Technology, 26(9): 1165–1169. DOI: 10.1080/07373930802266306.
- Unsal, O., Kartal, N., Candan, Z, Arango, R.A., Clausen, C.A., Green, F., 2009. Decay and termite resistance water absorption and swelling of thermally compressed wood panels. Internatianal Biodeterioration and Biodegredation, 63(5): 548-552.
- Wang, J.M., Zhao, G.J., Lida, I., 2000. Effect of oxidation on heat fixation compressed wood of China fir. Forestry Studies In China, 2: 73-79.
- Welzbacher, C.R., Wehsener, J., Rapp, A.O., Haller, P., 2008. Thermo-mechanical densification combined with thermal modification of Norway spruce in industrial scale- dimensinal stability and durability aspects. Holz. als Roh-und Werkstoff , 66: 39-49.
- Wikberg, H., 2004. Advanced solid state NMR spectroscopic techniques in the study of thermally modified wood. Academic Dissertation, University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Helsinki- Finland.
- Yılgör, N., Kartal, S.N., 2010. Heat modification of wood: Chemical properties and resistance to mold and decay fungi. Forest Products Journal, 60(4): 357-361. DOI: 10.13073/0015-7473-60.4.357.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Engineering |
| Journal Section | Orijinal Araştırma Makalesi |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | 2013/2-40M |
| Publication Date | December 27, 2019 |
| Acceptance Date | November 25, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 20 Issue: 4 |
