Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 21 Sayı: 5, 1108 - 1124, 31.10.2021
Öz
Bu araştırmada kartogramların nüfus analizinde ne derece etkili bir görselleştirme sağladığı incelenmiştir. Kartogramların nüfusa ait verileri görselleştirmedeki etkisinin incelenmesi için kartogramlar, performans ve doğruluk (coğrafi, istatistiksel, topolojik) ölçütlerine göre analiz edilmiştir. Performans ölçütüne göre analiz edilen kartogram türlerinin tamamında yüksek performans sağlanmıştır. Kartogramlar nüfus verileri için güçlü görselleştirme oluşturarak verileri iyi derece temsil etmişlerdir. Bu bakımdan nüfusa ilişkin verilerin analiz edilmesinde kartogramlar kullanılabilir. Nüfus verisi kullanılarak doğruluk (coğrafi, istatistiksel, topolojik) ölçütlerine göre analiz edilen kartogram türlerinden hiçbiri tüm ölçütleri tek başına sağlayamamıştır. Çalışma amacına ve kartogramdan beklenen performansa göre bu ölçütler arasında tercih yapılmalıdır. Coğrafi doğruluğun önem taşıdığı çalışmalarda bitişik olmayan kartogramlar, topolojik doğruluğun önem taşıdığı çalışmalarda bitişik kartogramlar, istatistiksel doğruluğun önem taşıdığı çalışmalarda ise dorling kartogramları kullanılabilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Alam, M.J., Kobourov, S. ve Sankar, V., 2015, Quantitative Measures for Cartogram Generation Techniques, Computer Graphics Forum, 34, 351-60.
- Barreto, M.C., Kosminsky, D. ve Esperança, C., 2018, Hexagonal hierarchical cartogram: Towards a thematic map of Brazil, InfoDesign - Revista Brasileira de Design da Informação, 15, 45-62.
- Berg, M., Mumford E. ve Speckmann B., 2006, Optimal BSPs and Rectilinear Cartograms, Proceedings of the 14th Annual ACM International Symposium on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, 20, 19-26.
- Bhatt, M., 2006, Investıgatıng The Approprıateness Of Gastner-Newman’s Cartogram Versus Conventıonal Maps In Vısual Representatıon And Modelıng Of Health Data, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Coğrafya ve Çevre Kaynakları Bölümü, ABD: Southern Illinois Üniversitesi, 24.
- Boos, G.J., 2013, The usability of 3D techniques for multivariate thematic mapping, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hollanda: Wageningen Üniversitesi, 48.
- Dent, B.D., Torguson, J.S. ve Hodler, T.W., 2009, Cartography: thematic map design, 6, New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 1-187.
- Dorling, D., 1995, The Visualization of Local Urban Change across Britain, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 22, 269-290.
- Getis, A., Bjelland M.D. ve Getis, V., 2018, Introduction to geography, 15, New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 30-33.
- Henriques, R., 2005, Carto‐SOM: Cartogram Creation Using Self‐organizing Maps, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Portekiz: Lizbon Yeni Üniversitesi, 144.
- Heilmann, R., Keim, D.A., Panse, C. ve Sips, M., 2004, RecMap: Rectangular Map Approximations, IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, 33-40.
- Hennig, B.D., 2013, Rediscovering the World: Map Transformations of Human and Physical Space, Doktora Tezi, Sheffield Üniversitesi, 266.
- Hennig, B.D, 2017, Mapping geographical worlds using cartograms, The bulletin of the Society of University Cartographers, Society of University Cartographers 50, 13-20.
- Henning, B.D, 2019, Remapping Geography: Using Cartograms to Change Our View of the World, Geography, Sheffield, England, 104, 71-80.
- Henriques, R., 2010, Artificial Intelligence in Geospatial Analysis: applications of Self Organizing Maps in the context of Geographic Information Science, Doktora Tezi, Lizbon-Portekiz, 181.
- Hong, S., Kocielnik, R., Yoo, M.J., Battersby S., Kim, J. ve Aragon, C., 2017, Designing interactive distance cartograms to support urban travelers, IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium, 17, 81-90.
- Indrayan, A. ve Malhotra, R., 2018, Medical biostatistics, 4, CRC Press-Taylor & Francis Group, 153-156.
- Inoue, R., 2011, A New Construction Method for Circle Cartograms, Cartography and Geographic Information Science 38, 146-52.
- Kalafatcılar, M.K., 2019, Demografik gelişmeler ve makroekonomik etkileri, Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası İdare Merkezi, Yapısal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü, 5-17.
- Kaya, M.H., 2021. Kartogram Haritaların Nüfus Analizinde Kullanımı. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü-Afyonkarahisar, 177.
- Kirk, A., Timms, S., Rininsland, A. ve Teller, S., 2016, Data Visualization: Representing Information on Modern Web, 1, Packt Publishing, 199-202.
- Kraak, M.J., Köbben B. ve Tong Y., 2014, Integrated Time and Distance Line Cartogram: a Schematic Approach to Understand the Narrative of Movements, Cartographic Perspectives, 77, 7-16.
- Kreveld, M.V. ve Speckmann, B., 2007, On Rectangular Cartograms, Computational Geometry, 37, 175-87.
- Markowska, A. ve Skorupa J.K., 2015, An evaluation of GIS tools for generating area cartograms, Polish Cartographical Review, 47, 19-29.
- McHaffie, P., Hwang, S. ve Follett, C., 2019, GIS: An Introduction to Mapping Technologies, 1, ABD: CRC Press-Taylor & Francis Group, 40-280.
- Nickel, S., Sondag M., Meulemans W., Chimani M., Kobourov S., Peltonen J. ve Nöllenburg M., 2019, Computing Stable Demers Cartograms, Graph Drawing and Network Visualization, 46-60.
- Nusrat, S. ve Kobourov, S., 2016, The State of the Art in Cartograms, Computer Graphics Forum, 35, 619-42.
- Nusrat, S., Alam, M.J. ve Kobourov, S., 2016, Evaluating Cartogram Effectiveness, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 24, 1077-90.
- Olson, J.M., 1976, Noncontıguous Area Cartograms, The Professional Geographer, 28, 371-80.
- Ren, L. ve Zhao, Z., 2016, Demographic Data Visualization on Continuous Area Cartograms, International Conference on Computer Engineering, 190-193.
- Reveiu, A. ve Dardala, M., 2011, Techniques for Statistical Data Visualization in GIS, Informatica Economica 15, 72-79.
- Sagar, B.S.D, 2014, Cartograms via mathematical morphology, Sage, 13, 42-58.
- Shimizu, E. ve Inoue, R., 2009, A New Algorithm for Distance Cartogram Construction, International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 23, 1453-70.
- Slocum, T.A., McMaster R.B., Kessler, FC. ve Howard, H.H., 2005, Thematic cartography and geographic visualization, 2, ABD: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 361-373.
- Sun, H. ve Li, Z., 2010, Effectiveness of Cartogram for the Representation of Spatial Data, The Cartographic Journal, 47, 12-21.
- Şahi̇n, B. ve Şahin, S., 2019, Coğrafyada Alternatif Bir Tematik Haritalama Tekniği, Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 23, 477-500.
- Tang, W., 2013, Parallel Construction of Large Circular Cartograms Using Graphics Processing, International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 27, 2182-2206.
- Tobler, W., 2017, Cartograms as Map Projections, Choosing a Map Projection, Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 149-159.
- Tyner, J.A, 2010, Principles of map design, New York: Guilford Press, 194-198.
- Yalçın, M., 2020, Mapping the global spatio-temporal dynamics of COVID-19 outbreak using cartograms during the first 150 days of the pandemic, Geocarto International, 1-10.
- İnternet Kaynakları 1-https://www.fikir.gen.tr, (13.07.2021)
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 21 Sayı: 5, 1108 - 1124, 31.10.2021
Öz
In this study, it was examined what extend effective the visualization of cartograms in population analysis. In order to examine the impact of cartograms on visualizing population data, the cartograms were analyzed based on the performance and accuracy (geographical, statistical, topological) criteria. The high achievement has been obtained in all cartogram types analyzed based on the performance criteria. The cartograms are representing the data well by generating powerful visualizations for the population data. In this respect, cartograms can be applied to analyze data regarding population. None of the cartogram types examined using population data based on accuracy (geographic, topological, statistical) satisfied all criteria alone. A selection should be made between these criteria, depending on the purpose of the study and the performance expected from the cartogram. Non-contiguous cartograms in studies where geographical accuracy is important, contiguous cartograms in studies where topological accuracy is important, and dorling cartograms in studies where statistical accuracy is important can be employed.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Alam, M.J., Kobourov, S. ve Sankar, V., 2015, Quantitative Measures for Cartogram Generation Techniques, Computer Graphics Forum, 34, 351-60.
- Barreto, M.C., Kosminsky, D. ve Esperança, C., 2018, Hexagonal hierarchical cartogram: Towards a thematic map of Brazil, InfoDesign - Revista Brasileira de Design da Informação, 15, 45-62.
- Berg, M., Mumford E. ve Speckmann B., 2006, Optimal BSPs and Rectilinear Cartograms, Proceedings of the 14th Annual ACM International Symposium on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, 20, 19-26.
- Bhatt, M., 2006, Investıgatıng The Approprıateness Of Gastner-Newman’s Cartogram Versus Conventıonal Maps In Vısual Representatıon And Modelıng Of Health Data, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Coğrafya ve Çevre Kaynakları Bölümü, ABD: Southern Illinois Üniversitesi, 24.
- Boos, G.J., 2013, The usability of 3D techniques for multivariate thematic mapping, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hollanda: Wageningen Üniversitesi, 48.
- Dent, B.D., Torguson, J.S. ve Hodler, T.W., 2009, Cartography: thematic map design, 6, New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 1-187.
- Dorling, D., 1995, The Visualization of Local Urban Change across Britain, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 22, 269-290.
- Getis, A., Bjelland M.D. ve Getis, V., 2018, Introduction to geography, 15, New York: McGraw-Hill Education, 30-33.
- Henriques, R., 2005, Carto‐SOM: Cartogram Creation Using Self‐organizing Maps, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Portekiz: Lizbon Yeni Üniversitesi, 144.
- Heilmann, R., Keim, D.A., Panse, C. ve Sips, M., 2004, RecMap: Rectangular Map Approximations, IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, 33-40.
- Hennig, B.D., 2013, Rediscovering the World: Map Transformations of Human and Physical Space, Doktora Tezi, Sheffield Üniversitesi, 266.
- Hennig, B.D, 2017, Mapping geographical worlds using cartograms, The bulletin of the Society of University Cartographers, Society of University Cartographers 50, 13-20.
- Henning, B.D, 2019, Remapping Geography: Using Cartograms to Change Our View of the World, Geography, Sheffield, England, 104, 71-80.
- Henriques, R., 2010, Artificial Intelligence in Geospatial Analysis: applications of Self Organizing Maps in the context of Geographic Information Science, Doktora Tezi, Lizbon-Portekiz, 181.
- Hong, S., Kocielnik, R., Yoo, M.J., Battersby S., Kim, J. ve Aragon, C., 2017, Designing interactive distance cartograms to support urban travelers, IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium, 17, 81-90.
- Indrayan, A. ve Malhotra, R., 2018, Medical biostatistics, 4, CRC Press-Taylor & Francis Group, 153-156.
- Inoue, R., 2011, A New Construction Method for Circle Cartograms, Cartography and Geographic Information Science 38, 146-52.
- Kalafatcılar, M.K., 2019, Demografik gelişmeler ve makroekonomik etkileri, Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası İdare Merkezi, Yapısal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü, 5-17.
- Kaya, M.H., 2021. Kartogram Haritaların Nüfus Analizinde Kullanımı. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü-Afyonkarahisar, 177.
- Kirk, A., Timms, S., Rininsland, A. ve Teller, S., 2016, Data Visualization: Representing Information on Modern Web, 1, Packt Publishing, 199-202.
- Kraak, M.J., Köbben B. ve Tong Y., 2014, Integrated Time and Distance Line Cartogram: a Schematic Approach to Understand the Narrative of Movements, Cartographic Perspectives, 77, 7-16.
- Kreveld, M.V. ve Speckmann, B., 2007, On Rectangular Cartograms, Computational Geometry, 37, 175-87.
- Markowska, A. ve Skorupa J.K., 2015, An evaluation of GIS tools for generating area cartograms, Polish Cartographical Review, 47, 19-29.
- McHaffie, P., Hwang, S. ve Follett, C., 2019, GIS: An Introduction to Mapping Technologies, 1, ABD: CRC Press-Taylor & Francis Group, 40-280.
- Nickel, S., Sondag M., Meulemans W., Chimani M., Kobourov S., Peltonen J. ve Nöllenburg M., 2019, Computing Stable Demers Cartograms, Graph Drawing and Network Visualization, 46-60.
- Nusrat, S. ve Kobourov, S., 2016, The State of the Art in Cartograms, Computer Graphics Forum, 35, 619-42.
- Nusrat, S., Alam, M.J. ve Kobourov, S., 2016, Evaluating Cartogram Effectiveness, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 24, 1077-90.
- Olson, J.M., 1976, Noncontıguous Area Cartograms, The Professional Geographer, 28, 371-80.
- Ren, L. ve Zhao, Z., 2016, Demographic Data Visualization on Continuous Area Cartograms, International Conference on Computer Engineering, 190-193.
- Reveiu, A. ve Dardala, M., 2011, Techniques for Statistical Data Visualization in GIS, Informatica Economica 15, 72-79.
- Sagar, B.S.D, 2014, Cartograms via mathematical morphology, Sage, 13, 42-58.
- Shimizu, E. ve Inoue, R., 2009, A New Algorithm for Distance Cartogram Construction, International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 23, 1453-70.
- Slocum, T.A., McMaster R.B., Kessler, FC. ve Howard, H.H., 2005, Thematic cartography and geographic visualization, 2, ABD: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 361-373.
- Sun, H. ve Li, Z., 2010, Effectiveness of Cartogram for the Representation of Spatial Data, The Cartographic Journal, 47, 12-21.
- Şahi̇n, B. ve Şahin, S., 2019, Coğrafyada Alternatif Bir Tematik Haritalama Tekniği, Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 23, 477-500.
- Tang, W., 2013, Parallel Construction of Large Circular Cartograms Using Graphics Processing, International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 27, 2182-2206.
- Tobler, W., 2017, Cartograms as Map Projections, Choosing a Map Projection, Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 149-159.
- Tyner, J.A, 2010, Principles of map design, New York: Guilford Press, 194-198.
- Yalçın, M., 2020, Mapping the global spatio-temporal dynamics of COVID-19 outbreak using cartograms during the first 150 days of the pandemic, Geocarto International, 1-10.
- İnternet Kaynakları 1-https://www.fikir.gen.tr, (13.07.2021)
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mühendislik |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Ekim 2021 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 1 Ağustos 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 5 |
