Öz
Kardan mili ya da diğer adıyla kardan şaftı, motor tarafından üretilen torku sabit veya değişken açısal pozisyonlarda diferansiyele iletme görevini üstlenir. Kısaca, kardan mili taşıtı harekete geçirmek adına motorda üretilen torku, vites veya transfer kutusu gibi diğer aktarma organlarından alarak diferansiyele iletmek için kullanılan bir güç aktarma organıdır. Kardan milinin açısal hareketi mafsal grubu tarafından sağlanmaktadır. Mafsal grubunun bir alt bileşeni olan çatallı flanş bu esnada gerilmelere maruz kalmaktadır. Bu çalışmada halihazırda üretimi gerçekleştirilen mevcut çatallı flanş için; bilgisayar destekli tasarım (CAD) programlarından CATIA V5 ortamında yeniden tasarım çalışması gerçekleştirilmiş, yoğunluk metodu kullanılarak Altair Inspire mühendislik yazılımı ile topoloji optimizasyonu uygulanmıştır. Topoloji optimizasyonu sonrasında, programın işaret ettiği alanlardan ve ek olarak bilgi birikimine dayalı birkaç alandan malzeme çıkarılmıştır. Böylece, son seviye optimize edilmiş çatallı flanş ortaya koyulmuştur. Optimizasyon sonucunda, mevcut çatallı flanşa kıyasla optimize edilmiş yeni çatallı flanşın ağırlığı %19 azaltılmıştır. Ortaya koyulan optimize edilmiş çatallı flanş, sonlu elemanlar analizi (FEA) yazılımlarından biri olan Altair HyperWorks kullanılarak lineer statik analiz ile sanal olarak test edilmiştir. Sonrasında üretilen komple kardan mili prototipleri ürün/proses doğrulama testlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Ürün/proses doğrulama testleri sırasında çatallı flanş üzerinde gerinim ölçer yardımıyla gerinim verileri toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler ilgili asal gerilim dönüşüm formüllerinden faydalanılarak gerilim değerlerine çevrilmiş ve lineer statik analiz sonucunda elde edilen gerilim değerleri ile ölçülen gerilim değerleri karşılaştırılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
Tirsan Kardan
Teşekkür
Çalışmaya vermiş oldukları destek nedeni ile Tirsan Kardan Ar-Ge Merkezi ekibi ve yöneticilerine teşekkür ederiz.
Kaynakça
- Bendsoe M.P., Kikuchi N., 1988. Generating optimal topologies in structural design using a homogenization method. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 71, 197-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7825(88)90086-2
- Bendsoe M.P., Sigmund O., 2004. Topology Optimization Theory, Methods and Applications. Springer, 2.
- Chapra S.C., Canale R.P., 2010. Numerical Methods for Engineers. McGraw-Hill, 347.
- Dhore R., Thorat M.L., 2019. Experimental analysis and topology optimizastion of lower suspension arm of car. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 6(3), 7605-7609.
- Ivanovic L., Josifovic D., Ilic A., Stojanovic B., Zivkovic K., 2014. Optimizastion of cardan joint design from load capasity aspect. International Congress Motor Vehicles & Motors., 396-404.
- International Standard ISO 12667., 1993. Commercial Vehicle and Buses – Cross Tooth Propeller Shaft Flanges, Type T. Internatinal Organization for Standardization.
- Kahyalar M.C., Şen O., 2020. Kardan mili istavroz gövdesinde dayanıklılığın arttırılması ve yapısal analiz ile doğrulanması. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi III. Ulusal Üniversite Sanayi İşbirliği, Ar-Ge ve İnovasyon Kongresi. Manisa, Türkiye, 154-160.
- Kalantre V., Munde K.H., Pawar A., 2018. Topology optimization of front leaf spring mounting bracket. International Journal of Scientific Development and Research, 3(7), 12-19.
- Karamert S., Demir A., 2022. Ticari otobüs gövde yapısında topoloji optimizasyonu çalışması., 2022. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences, 34(2), 229-234. https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.988228
- Kasaba M., Tarakçı S., Işık E., Akkaş O., 2019. A correlation study of an fea method developed for heavy duty driveshaft applications. The Eurasia Proceedings of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics., 7, 315-320.
- Ma’arof M.I.N., Husain H., 2022. Topology optimization of an engine mounting bracket. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering., 12(7),156-161. https://doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0722_17
- Maheta V.V., Patel A.B., 2010. Design analysis and optimization in automobile drive shaft. International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology., 1(12), 432-439.
- More S.D., Swami M.C., 2018. Design and optimzation of composite propeller shaft. Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering., 15(2), 83-89.
- Özbakış, M., Yeni, E.C., Kahyalar, M.C., 2022. Investigation of the similarity between physical tests and fatigue simulation of flange yoke made of C45 E material used in cardan shafts. Materialwiss. Werkstofftech., 53, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202000257
- Peddineni V.P.P., Seshaiah T., Babu T.V., 2012. Optimal design and analysis of polymer composite automobile propeller shaft. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology., 6(2), 117-128.
- Rompicharla R.P.K., Rambabu K., 2012. Design and optimization of drive shaft with composite materials. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research., 2(5), 3422-3428
- SAE Driveshaft Committee., 1991. Universal Joint and Driveshaft Design Manual. Advance in Engineering Series, United States of America, 7, 15 s.
- Seherr-Thoss, H.Chr., Schmelz, F., Aucktor, E., 2006. Universal Joints and Drive Shafts. Springer, 366.
- Sudin M.N., Tahir M.M., 2014. Topology optimization in automotive brake pedal redesign. International Journal of Engineering and Technology., 6(1), 398-402.
- Yang, R.J., Chuang, C.H., 1994. Optimal topology design using linear programming. Computer & Structures 52., 265-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(94)90279-8
Öz
Drive shaft, also known as cardan shaft, undertakes the task of transmitting the torque, which is produced by the engine, to the differential in fixed or variable angular positions. In sum, the cardan shaft is a power transmission element used to transmit the torque produced in the engine to the differential by taking it from other transmission elements such as gearbox or transfer box to move the vehicle. Angular movement of the cardan shaft is provided by the joint group. The flange yoke, which is a subcomponent of the joint group, is subjected to stresses during this time. In this study, a redesign work was carried out in the CATIA V5 environment, which is one of the computer-aided design (CAD) programs, for the existing flange yoke, and topology optimization was applied with the Altair Inspire engineering software by using the density method. After topology optimization, material was removed from the areas indicated by the software and additionally from a few areas based on know-how. And so, the final optimized flange yoke was created. As a result of the optimization, the weight of the new optimized flange yoke was reduced by 19% compared to the existing flange yoke. The optimized flange yoke was tested virtually with linear static analysis by using Altair HyperWorks, which is one of the finite element analysis (FEA) software. The complete cardan shaft prototypes produced subsequently were subjected to product/process validation tests. During product/process validation tests, strain data was collected using strain gauges on the flange yoke. The obtained data were converted into stress values by using the relevant principal stress conversion formulas, and the stress values from linear static analysis were compared with the measured stress values.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Bendsoe M.P., Kikuchi N., 1988. Generating optimal topologies in structural design using a homogenization method. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 71, 197-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7825(88)90086-2
- Bendsoe M.P., Sigmund O., 2004. Topology Optimization Theory, Methods and Applications. Springer, 2.
- Chapra S.C., Canale R.P., 2010. Numerical Methods for Engineers. McGraw-Hill, 347.
- Dhore R., Thorat M.L., 2019. Experimental analysis and topology optimizastion of lower suspension arm of car. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology. 6(3), 7605-7609.
- Ivanovic L., Josifovic D., Ilic A., Stojanovic B., Zivkovic K., 2014. Optimizastion of cardan joint design from load capasity aspect. International Congress Motor Vehicles & Motors., 396-404.
- International Standard ISO 12667., 1993. Commercial Vehicle and Buses – Cross Tooth Propeller Shaft Flanges, Type T. Internatinal Organization for Standardization.
- Kahyalar M.C., Şen O., 2020. Kardan mili istavroz gövdesinde dayanıklılığın arttırılması ve yapısal analiz ile doğrulanması. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi III. Ulusal Üniversite Sanayi İşbirliği, Ar-Ge ve İnovasyon Kongresi. Manisa, Türkiye, 154-160.
- Kalantre V., Munde K.H., Pawar A., 2018. Topology optimization of front leaf spring mounting bracket. International Journal of Scientific Development and Research, 3(7), 12-19.
- Karamert S., Demir A., 2022. Ticari otobüs gövde yapısında topoloji optimizasyonu çalışması., 2022. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences, 34(2), 229-234. https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.988228
- Kasaba M., Tarakçı S., Işık E., Akkaş O., 2019. A correlation study of an fea method developed for heavy duty driveshaft applications. The Eurasia Proceedings of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics., 7, 315-320.
- Ma’arof M.I.N., Husain H., 2022. Topology optimization of an engine mounting bracket. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering., 12(7),156-161. https://doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0722_17
- Maheta V.V., Patel A.B., 2010. Design analysis and optimization in automobile drive shaft. International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology., 1(12), 432-439.
- More S.D., Swami M.C., 2018. Design and optimzation of composite propeller shaft. Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering., 15(2), 83-89.
- Özbakış, M., Yeni, E.C., Kahyalar, M.C., 2022. Investigation of the similarity between physical tests and fatigue simulation of flange yoke made of C45 E material used in cardan shafts. Materialwiss. Werkstofftech., 53, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202000257
- Peddineni V.P.P., Seshaiah T., Babu T.V., 2012. Optimal design and analysis of polymer composite automobile propeller shaft. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology., 6(2), 117-128.
- Rompicharla R.P.K., Rambabu K., 2012. Design and optimization of drive shaft with composite materials. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research., 2(5), 3422-3428
- SAE Driveshaft Committee., 1991. Universal Joint and Driveshaft Design Manual. Advance in Engineering Series, United States of America, 7, 15 s.
- Seherr-Thoss, H.Chr., Schmelz, F., Aucktor, E., 2006. Universal Joints and Drive Shafts. Springer, 366.
- Sudin M.N., Tahir M.M., 2014. Topology optimization in automotive brake pedal redesign. International Journal of Engineering and Technology., 6(1), 398-402.
- Yang, R.J., Chuang, C.H., 1994. Optimal topology design using linear programming. Computer & Structures 52., 265-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(94)90279-8
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Makine Mühendisliği (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 14 Nisan 2024 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 29 Nisan 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 3 Ağustos 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2 |
