Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 32 Sayı: 3, 745 - 761, 09.07.2018
Öz
Bu çalışma, gelir ve emisyon
miktarı arasındaki kısa ve uzun dönemli ilişkinin varlığını, ekonomik gelişme
ile çevresel bozulma arasında ters U şeklinde bir ilişki olduğunu iddia eden
genişletilmiş Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi (EKC) hipotezi kapsamında ortaya
çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. İlave olarak enerji tüketiminin, finansal gelişmenin
ve sanayi sektörün payının emisyonuna
etkisi de ayrıca incelenmiştir. Türkiye ekonomisinin 1960-2016 dönemi yıllık
verilerinin kullanıldığı çalışmada, regresyon modeli gecikmesi dağıtılmış otoregresif
sınır testi (ARDL) ve hata düzeltme modeli (ECM) yöntemleri ile tahmin
edilmiştir. Sonuçlar Türkiye’de hem kısa hem de uzun dönemde; enerji
tüketiminin, finansal gelişmenin ve sanayi sektörünün emisyonunu
artırdığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, EKC hipotezinin her iki dönemde de geçerli
olduğu, diğer bir ifadeyle kişi başına düşen
emisyon
miktarı gelir düzeyi bir noktaya kadar yükselirken yükseldiği, bir eşik
değerden sonra ise gelir artışına rağmen azalışa geçtiği anlaşılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi CO_2 Emisyon Enerji Tüketimi Finansal Gelişmişlik Sanayi
Kaynakça
- Başar, Selim, Temurlenk, M. Sinan, (2007), “Çevreye Uyarlanmış Kuznets Eğrisi: Türkiye Üzerine Bir Uygulama”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 21(1), ss.1-12.
- Beckerman, Wilfred, (1992), “Economic Growth and The Environment:Whose Growth? Whose Enironment?”, World Development, 20(4), ss.481-496.
- Bölük, Gülden ve Mert, Mehmet, (2015), “The Renewable Energy, Growth and Environmental Kuznets Curve in Turkey: An ARDL Approach”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52, ss.587-595.
- Charfeddine, Lanouar ve Khediri, Karim Ben, (2016), “Financial Development and Environmental Quality in UAE:Cointegrationwith Structural Breaks”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 55, ss.1322-1335.
- Enders, Walter, (2015), Applied Econometric Time Series, Fourth Edition, Wiley, USA.
- Grossman, Gene M. ve Krueger, Alan B., (1991), “Environmental Impacts of a North American free Trade Agreement”, NBER Working Paper, No. w3914.
- Hao, yu, Liu, Yiming, Weng, Jia-Hsi,Gao,Yixuan, (2016), “Does The Environmental Kuznets Curve for Coal Consumption in China Exist? New Evidence from Spatial Econometric Analysis”, Energy, 114, ss.1214-1223.
- Harris, Richard ve Sollis, Robert, (2003), Applied Time Series Modelling And Forecasting, Wiley, England.
- Javid, Muhammad ve Sharif, Fatima, (2016), “Environmental Kuznets Curve and Financial Development in Pakistan”,Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, ss.406-414.
- Katircioğlu, Salih Turan ve Taşpinar, Nigar, (2017), “Testing The Moderating Role of Financial Development in an Environmental Kuznets Curve: Emprical Evidence from Turkey”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 68, ss.572-586.
- Lütkepohl, Helmut ve Kratzig, Markus, (2004), Applied Time Series Econometrics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
- MacKinnon, James G., (1996), “Numerical Distribution Functions for Unit Root and Cointegration Tests”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 11(6), ss.601-618.
- Ozturk, Ilhan ve Acaravci, Ali, (2013), “The Long –Run and Casual Analysis of Energy, Growth, Openness and Financial Development on Carbon Emissions in Turkey”, Energy Economics, 36, ss.262-267.
- Özokçu, Selin ve Özdemir, Özlem, (2017), “Economic Growth, Energy and Environmental Kuznets Curve”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 72, ss.639-647.
- Perron, Pierre, (1988), “Trends and Random Walks in Macroeconomic Time Series: Further Evidence From a New Approach”, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12, ss.297-332.
- Phillips Peter C. B. and PERRON Pierre, "Testing for A Unit Root in Time Series Regression", Biometrika 1988, 75(2), ss.335-346.
- Saboori, Behnaz ve Sulaiman, Jamalludin (2013), “〖CO〗_2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Countries: A cointegration Approach”, Energy, 55, ss.813-822.
- Shahbaz, Muhammad, Ozturk, İlhan, Afza, Talat, Ali, Amjad, (2013), “Revisiting The Environmental Kuznets Curve in Global Economy”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, ss.494-502.
- Shahbaz, Muhammad, Solarin, Sakiru Adebola, Mahmood, Haider ve Arouri, (2013), “Does Financial Development Reduce 〖CO〗_2 Emissions in Malaysian economy? A Time Series Analysis”, Economic Modelling, 35, ss.145-152.
- Tamazian, Artur, Chousa, Juan Pineiro, Vadlamannati, krishna Chaitanya, (2009), “Does Higher Economic and financial Development Lead to Environmental Degradation: evidence from BRIC Countries”, Energy Policy, 37, ss.246-253.
- Yang, Haisheng, He, Jie, Che, Shaoling, (2015), “The Fragility of The Environmental Kuznets Curve: Revisiting The Hypothesis with Chinese Data via an “Extreme Bound Analysis”, Ecological Economics, 109, ss.41-58.
- Zaman, Khalid, Shahbaz, Muhammad, Loganathan, Nanthakumar ve Raza, Syed Ali, (2016), “Tourism Development, Energy Consumption and Environmental Kuznets Curve: Trivariate Analysis in The Panel of Developed and Developing Countries”, Tourism Management, 54, ss.275-283.
- Zhang, Chuanguo ve Zhao, Wei, (2014), “Panel estimation for Income Inequality and 〖CO〗_2 Emissions: A Regional Analysis in China”, Applied Energy, 136, ss.382-392.
- Zhang, Yue-Jun, (2011), “The Impact of Financial Development on Carbon Emissions: An empirical Analysis in China”, Energy Policy, 39, ss.2197-2203.
Yıl 2018,
Cilt: 32 Sayı: 3, 745 - 761, 09.07.2018
Öz
Kaynakça
- Başar, Selim, Temurlenk, M. Sinan, (2007), “Çevreye Uyarlanmış Kuznets Eğrisi: Türkiye Üzerine Bir Uygulama”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 21(1), ss.1-12.
- Beckerman, Wilfred, (1992), “Economic Growth and The Environment:Whose Growth? Whose Enironment?”, World Development, 20(4), ss.481-496.
- Bölük, Gülden ve Mert, Mehmet, (2015), “The Renewable Energy, Growth and Environmental Kuznets Curve in Turkey: An ARDL Approach”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52, ss.587-595.
- Charfeddine, Lanouar ve Khediri, Karim Ben, (2016), “Financial Development and Environmental Quality in UAE:Cointegrationwith Structural Breaks”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 55, ss.1322-1335.
- Enders, Walter, (2015), Applied Econometric Time Series, Fourth Edition, Wiley, USA.
- Grossman, Gene M. ve Krueger, Alan B., (1991), “Environmental Impacts of a North American free Trade Agreement”, NBER Working Paper, No. w3914.
- Hao, yu, Liu, Yiming, Weng, Jia-Hsi,Gao,Yixuan, (2016), “Does The Environmental Kuznets Curve for Coal Consumption in China Exist? New Evidence from Spatial Econometric Analysis”, Energy, 114, ss.1214-1223.
- Harris, Richard ve Sollis, Robert, (2003), Applied Time Series Modelling And Forecasting, Wiley, England.
- Javid, Muhammad ve Sharif, Fatima, (2016), “Environmental Kuznets Curve and Financial Development in Pakistan”,Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, ss.406-414.
- Katircioğlu, Salih Turan ve Taşpinar, Nigar, (2017), “Testing The Moderating Role of Financial Development in an Environmental Kuznets Curve: Emprical Evidence from Turkey”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 68, ss.572-586.
- Lütkepohl, Helmut ve Kratzig, Markus, (2004), Applied Time Series Econometrics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
- MacKinnon, James G., (1996), “Numerical Distribution Functions for Unit Root and Cointegration Tests”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, 11(6), ss.601-618.
- Ozturk, Ilhan ve Acaravci, Ali, (2013), “The Long –Run and Casual Analysis of Energy, Growth, Openness and Financial Development on Carbon Emissions in Turkey”, Energy Economics, 36, ss.262-267.
- Özokçu, Selin ve Özdemir, Özlem, (2017), “Economic Growth, Energy and Environmental Kuznets Curve”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 72, ss.639-647.
- Perron, Pierre, (1988), “Trends and Random Walks in Macroeconomic Time Series: Further Evidence From a New Approach”, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12, ss.297-332.
- Phillips Peter C. B. and PERRON Pierre, "Testing for A Unit Root in Time Series Regression", Biometrika 1988, 75(2), ss.335-346.
- Saboori, Behnaz ve Sulaiman, Jamalludin (2013), “〖CO〗_2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Countries: A cointegration Approach”, Energy, 55, ss.813-822.
- Shahbaz, Muhammad, Ozturk, İlhan, Afza, Talat, Ali, Amjad, (2013), “Revisiting The Environmental Kuznets Curve in Global Economy”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 25, ss.494-502.
- Shahbaz, Muhammad, Solarin, Sakiru Adebola, Mahmood, Haider ve Arouri, (2013), “Does Financial Development Reduce 〖CO〗_2 Emissions in Malaysian economy? A Time Series Analysis”, Economic Modelling, 35, ss.145-152.
- Tamazian, Artur, Chousa, Juan Pineiro, Vadlamannati, krishna Chaitanya, (2009), “Does Higher Economic and financial Development Lead to Environmental Degradation: evidence from BRIC Countries”, Energy Policy, 37, ss.246-253.
- Yang, Haisheng, He, Jie, Che, Shaoling, (2015), “The Fragility of The Environmental Kuznets Curve: Revisiting The Hypothesis with Chinese Data via an “Extreme Bound Analysis”, Ecological Economics, 109, ss.41-58.
- Zaman, Khalid, Shahbaz, Muhammad, Loganathan, Nanthakumar ve Raza, Syed Ali, (2016), “Tourism Development, Energy Consumption and Environmental Kuznets Curve: Trivariate Analysis in The Panel of Developed and Developing Countries”, Tourism Management, 54, ss.275-283.
- Zhang, Chuanguo ve Zhao, Wei, (2014), “Panel estimation for Income Inequality and 〖CO〗_2 Emissions: A Regional Analysis in China”, Applied Energy, 136, ss.382-392.
- Zhang, Yue-Jun, (2011), “The Impact of Financial Development on Carbon Emissions: An empirical Analysis in China”, Energy Policy, 39, ss.2197-2203.
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 9 Temmuz 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018 Cilt: 32 Sayı: 3 |
