Araştırma Makalesi
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Kalk-alkalen Musalar Graniti'nin Petrografisi, Jeokimyası ve Yukarıgöçek (Bigadiç-Balıkesir) Ametist Oluşumun Kökeni; Kuzeybatı Anadolu (Türkiye)

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 4, 1150 - 1168, 15.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.747084

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Yukarıgöçek (Bigadiç–Balıkesir) köyündeki ametist oluşumları ve bununla ilişkili Musalar Granitinin jeolojisi ve jeokimyasının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Sakarya zonunda bulunan Biga Yarımadası’da (KB Anadolu) magmatik ve volkanik faaliyetler Oligo–Miyosen döneminde yoğun olarak görülmektedir. Çalışma alanının temelini Paleozoyik yaşlı şistlerden meydana gelen Fazlıkonağı Formasyonu oluşturmaktadır. Birim, Kretase yaşlı ofiyolitik melanj tarafından tektonik olarak üzerlenmektedir. Tüm bu birimler Oligo–Miyosen yaşlı Musalar Graniti tarafından kesilmektedir. Petrografik olarak Musalar graniti orta ve iri taneli, yer yer de poikilitik dokuya sahip olup plajiyoklaz, ortoklaz, kuvars, biyotit, amfibol ve opak mineral içermektedir. Jeokimyasal olarak, yüksek potasyumlu ve kalkalkalen karekterli olup I–tipindedir. Büyük iyon yarıçaplı element ve hafif nadir toprak elementlerce zengin olup (La/Lu)N 13–34 arasında değişmektedir. Tektonik olarak, çarpışma sonrası volkanik yay granitlerinin özelliklerini göstermektedir. Plütonu oluşturan magma ise litosferik manto kökenli olup kıtasal kabuktan etkilenmiştir. Yukarıgöçek köyü civarında bulunan ametistler ofiyolitik kayaçların kırık ve çatlak sistemlerinde 4–5 cm arasında değişen damarlar şeklinde görülmektedir. Kök ve diş kısımları net olarak görülen ametistlerin rengi genellikle açık mor veya liladır. Ametistler jeokimyasal olarak çok az oranda FeO ve MnO içermektedirler. Yapılan sıvı kapanım çalışmalarında homojenleşme sıcaklık değerleri 231 oC ile 278 oC arasında olup ortalama 255 oC’dir. Çalışılan ametist örneklerinin tuzluluk değerleri ile sıvı yoğunluk değerlerinin düşük olduğu ve bunların hidrotermal yol ile oluştukları söylenebilir. Sonuç olarak, Yukarıgöçek köyü ametistleri Musalar granitinin ofiyolitik melanjı kesmesi ve beraberinde getirmiş olduğu silisçe zengin sıvı fazı 255 oC’de hidrotermal evrede ofiyolitik melanj içindeki mevcut çatlaklara bırakması ile oluştuğu değerlendirilmektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Balıkesir Üniversitesi Proje Araştırmaları Birimi

Proje Numarası

BAP Proje No: 2014/141

Teşekkür

Arazi çalışmalarındaki yardımlarından dolayı Jeoloji Yüksek Mühendisi İsmail ALTIN’a çok teşekkür ederiz. Yazarlar, makaleye yapıcı eleştiri ve görüşleriyle katkı sağlayan dergi editörleri ve hakemlere teşekkür eder.

Kaynakça

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  • Aldanmaz, E., Pearce, J., Thirlwall, M.F. ve Mitchell, J., 2000. Petrogenetic Evolution of Late Cenozoic, Postcollision Volcanism in Western Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 102, 67-95.
  • Altunkaynak, Ş., 2007. Collision-Driven Slab Breakoff Magmatism in Northwestern Anatolia, Turkey. The Journal of Geology, 115(1), 63-82.
  • Altunkaynak, Ş., ve Yılmaz, Y., 1998. The Mount Kozak Magmatic Complex, Western Anatolia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 85, 211-231.
  • Altunkaynak, Ş. ve Genç, Ş.C., 2008. Petrogenesis and Time-Progressive Evolution of The Cenozoic Continental Volcanism in The Biga Peninsula, NW Anatolia (Turkey). Lithos, 102, 316-340.
  • Altunkaynak, Ş., Sunal, G., Aldanmaz, E., Genç, C.Ş., Dilek, Y. ve Furnes, H., 2012. Eocene Granitic Magmatism in NW Anatolia (Turkey) Revisited: New Implications From Comparative Zircon SHRIMP U–Pb and 40Ar–39Ar Geochronology and Isotope Geochemistry on Magma Genesis and Emplacement. Lithos, 55, 289-309.
  • Aslan, Z., Erdem, D., Temizel, İ. ve Aslan, M., 2017. SHRIMP U–Pb Zircon Ages and Whole-Rock Geochemistry For The Şapçı Volcanic Rocks, Biga Peninsula, Northwest Turkey: Implications for Preeruption Crystallization Conditions and Source Characteristics. International Geology review, 59(14), 1764-1785.
  • Bachelor, R.A. ve Bowden, P., 1985. Petrogenetic Interpretation of Granitoid Rock Series Using Multicationic Parameters. Chemical Geology, 48, 43-55.
  • Balitsky, V.S., Machina, I.B., Mar, A.A., Shigley, J.E., Rossman, G.R. ve Lu, T., 2000. Industrial Growth, Morphology and Some Properties of Bi-Colored Amethyst–Citrine Quartz (Ametrine). Journal of Crystal Growth, 212(1-2), 255-260.
  • Birsoy, R., 1983. Kuvarsın Renklenmesi ve Yapısal Hataları, TÜBİTAK Temel Bilimler Araştırma Grubu, Proje No: TBAG-468, 101 s.
  • Birsoy, R., 1987. Doğal Ametistin Kirlilik İçeriği ve Renklenmesi. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, 30(2), 63-66.
  • Brown, P.E., 1989. FLINCOR: A Microcomputer Program For The Reduction and Investigation of Fluid Inclusion Data. American Mineralogist, 74, 1390–1393.
  • Bodnar, R.J., 1993. Revised Equation and Table for Determining the Freezing Point Depression of H2O-NaCl Solutions. Geochmical Cosmochimca Acta, 57, 683-684.
  • Chen, W. ve Arculus, R. J., 1995. Geochemical and Isotopic Characteristics of Lower Crustal Xenoliths, San Francisco Volcanic Field, Arizona, U.S.A. Lithos, 110, 99-119.
  • Cohen, A.J. ve Hassan, F., 1974. Ferrous and Ferric Ions in Synthetic Α-Quartz and Natural Amethyst. American Mineralogist Journal of Earth and Planetary Materials, 59(7-8), 719-728.
  • Delaloye, M. ve Bingöl, E., 2000. Granitoids From Western and Northwestern Anatolia: Geochemistry and Modeling of Geodynamic Evolution. International Geology Review, 42, 241-268.
  • Dönmez, M., Akçay, A. E., Genç, Ş.C. ve Acar, Ş., 2005. Biga Yarımadasında Orta-Üst Eosen Volkanizması ve Denizel İgnimbiritler. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi, 131, 49-61.
  • Duru, M., Pehlivan, Ş., Şentürk, Y.,Yavaş F. ve Kar, H., 2004. New Results on The Lithostratigraphy of The Kazdağ Massif in Northwest Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 13, 177-186.
  • Ercan, T., Satır, M., Steinitz, G., Dora, A., Sarıfakıoğlu, E. ve Adis, C., 1995. Biga Yarımadası ile Gökçeada, Bozcaada ve Tavşan Adalarındaki (KB Anadolu) Tersiyer Volkanizmasının Özellikleri. Maden Tetkik Arama Enstitüsü Dergisi, 117, 55-86.
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  • Gürbüz. M., 2007. Güğü (Dursunbey-Balıkesir) Civarındaki Ametistlerin Oluşumunun İncelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Adana, 152s.
  • Hatipoğlu, M., 2003. Güğü Köyü Ametist Kristallerinin Değerlendirilmesi (Dursunbey, Balıkesir, KB Türkiye) ve Yöresel Ekonomiye Katkısı. Türkiye IV. Mermer Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, 243-256.
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  • Karacık, Z., Yılmaz, Y., Pearce, J.A. ve Ece, Ö.I., 2008. Petrochemistry of The South Marmara Granitoids, Northwest Anatolia, Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97, 1181-1200.
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Petrography, Geochemistry of the Calc-alkaline Musalar Granite and Origin of the Yukarıgöçek (Bigadiç-Balıkesir) Amethyst Formation; Northwest Anatolia (Turkey)

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 4, 1150 - 1168, 15.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.747084

Öz

In this study, it is aimed to investigate the amethyst formations in the village of Yukarıgöçek (Bigadiç–Balıkesir) and, geology and geochemistry of the associated Musalar Granite. The magmatic and volcanic activities in the Biga Peninsula (NW Anatolia), which are found in the Sakarya zone, are intense the Oligo–Miocene period. The basement rocks of the study area is Paleozoic aged Fazlıkonağı Formation. The units are tectonically overlain by an Cretaceous aged ophiolitic melange. All these units are cut by the Oligo–Miocene age Musalar granite. Petrographically, Musalar granite has medium and coarse grains, occasionally poikilitic texture and contains plagioclase, orthoclase, quartz, biotite, amphibole and opaque minerals. Geochemically, it is high–K, calc–alkaline character and I type granitic rocks. It is rich with large Ion Lithophile Element and light rare earth elements, and the value of (La/Lu)N ranges from 13–34. Tectonically, it shows the characteristics of the after collision volcanic arc granites. The magma of pluton is lithospheric mantle origin and has been affected by the continental crust. The amethysts located in around Yukarıgöçek village have a thickness of 4–5 cm diameter in the ophiolitic rocks and are seen as veins. The color of amethysts, the roots and teeth of which are clearly visible, is usually light purple or lilac. Geochemically amethysts contain very few FeO and MnO. In the liquid inclusion studies, the homogenization temperature values are between 231 oC and 278 oC and the average is 255 oC. It can be said that the salinity and liquid density values of the studied amethyst samples are low and they are formed by hydrothermal way. As a result, the amethysts of Yukarıgöçek village could been formed by the cutting of the ophiolitic melange of Musalar granite and the siliceous rich liquid phase comes in the existing cracks in the ophiolitic melange in the hydrothermal phase at 255 oC.

Proje Numarası

BAP Proje No: 2014/141

Kaynakça

  • Akay, E., 2009. Geology and Petrology of The Simav Magmatic Complex (NW Anatolia) and Its Comparison With The Oligo–Miocene Granitoids In NW Anatolia: Implications on Tertiary Tectonic Evolution of The Region. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 98, 1655-1675.
  • Aldanmaz, E., Pearce, J., Thirlwall, M.F. ve Mitchell, J., 2000. Petrogenetic Evolution of Late Cenozoic, Postcollision Volcanism in Western Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 102, 67-95.
  • Altunkaynak, Ş., 2007. Collision-Driven Slab Breakoff Magmatism in Northwestern Anatolia, Turkey. The Journal of Geology, 115(1), 63-82.
  • Altunkaynak, Ş., ve Yılmaz, Y., 1998. The Mount Kozak Magmatic Complex, Western Anatolia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 85, 211-231.
  • Altunkaynak, Ş. ve Genç, Ş.C., 2008. Petrogenesis and Time-Progressive Evolution of The Cenozoic Continental Volcanism in The Biga Peninsula, NW Anatolia (Turkey). Lithos, 102, 316-340.
  • Altunkaynak, Ş., Sunal, G., Aldanmaz, E., Genç, C.Ş., Dilek, Y. ve Furnes, H., 2012. Eocene Granitic Magmatism in NW Anatolia (Turkey) Revisited: New Implications From Comparative Zircon SHRIMP U–Pb and 40Ar–39Ar Geochronology and Isotope Geochemistry on Magma Genesis and Emplacement. Lithos, 55, 289-309.
  • Aslan, Z., Erdem, D., Temizel, İ. ve Aslan, M., 2017. SHRIMP U–Pb Zircon Ages and Whole-Rock Geochemistry For The Şapçı Volcanic Rocks, Biga Peninsula, Northwest Turkey: Implications for Preeruption Crystallization Conditions and Source Characteristics. International Geology review, 59(14), 1764-1785.
  • Bachelor, R.A. ve Bowden, P., 1985. Petrogenetic Interpretation of Granitoid Rock Series Using Multicationic Parameters. Chemical Geology, 48, 43-55.
  • Balitsky, V.S., Machina, I.B., Mar, A.A., Shigley, J.E., Rossman, G.R. ve Lu, T., 2000. Industrial Growth, Morphology and Some Properties of Bi-Colored Amethyst–Citrine Quartz (Ametrine). Journal of Crystal Growth, 212(1-2), 255-260.
  • Birsoy, R., 1983. Kuvarsın Renklenmesi ve Yapısal Hataları, TÜBİTAK Temel Bilimler Araştırma Grubu, Proje No: TBAG-468, 101 s.
  • Birsoy, R., 1987. Doğal Ametistin Kirlilik İçeriği ve Renklenmesi. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, 30(2), 63-66.
  • Brown, P.E., 1989. FLINCOR: A Microcomputer Program For The Reduction and Investigation of Fluid Inclusion Data. American Mineralogist, 74, 1390–1393.
  • Bodnar, R.J., 1993. Revised Equation and Table for Determining the Freezing Point Depression of H2O-NaCl Solutions. Geochmical Cosmochimca Acta, 57, 683-684.
  • Chen, W. ve Arculus, R. J., 1995. Geochemical and Isotopic Characteristics of Lower Crustal Xenoliths, San Francisco Volcanic Field, Arizona, U.S.A. Lithos, 110, 99-119.
  • Cohen, A.J. ve Hassan, F., 1974. Ferrous and Ferric Ions in Synthetic Α-Quartz and Natural Amethyst. American Mineralogist Journal of Earth and Planetary Materials, 59(7-8), 719-728.
  • Delaloye, M. ve Bingöl, E., 2000. Granitoids From Western and Northwestern Anatolia: Geochemistry and Modeling of Geodynamic Evolution. International Geology Review, 42, 241-268.
  • Dönmez, M., Akçay, A. E., Genç, Ş.C. ve Acar, Ş., 2005. Biga Yarımadasında Orta-Üst Eosen Volkanizması ve Denizel İgnimbiritler. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi, 131, 49-61.
  • Duru, M., Pehlivan, Ş., Şentürk, Y.,Yavaş F. ve Kar, H., 2004. New Results on The Lithostratigraphy of The Kazdağ Massif in Northwest Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 13, 177-186.
  • Ercan, T., Satır, M., Steinitz, G., Dora, A., Sarıfakıoğlu, E. ve Adis, C., 1995. Biga Yarımadası ile Gökçeada, Bozcaada ve Tavşan Adalarındaki (KB Anadolu) Tersiyer Volkanizmasının Özellikleri. Maden Tetkik Arama Enstitüsü Dergisi, 117, 55-86.
  • Fitton, J.G., 1989. Petrology and Geochemistry of Late Cenozoic Basalt Flows, Western Grand Canyon, Arizona, in Geology of Grand Canyon, In: Elston, D.P., Billingstey, G.G., Young, R.A., (Eds.), Northern Arizona, Field Trip. AGU, Guideb, 186-189.
  • Genç, Ş.C., 1998. Evolution of The Bayramiç Magmatic Complex, Nortwestern Anatolia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 85, 233-249.
  • Gürbüz. M., 2007. Güğü (Dursunbey-Balıkesir) Civarındaki Ametistlerin Oluşumunun İncelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Adana, 152s.
  • Hatipoğlu, M., 2003. Güğü Köyü Ametist Kristallerinin Değerlendirilmesi (Dursunbey, Balıkesir, KB Türkiye) ve Yöresel Ekonomiye Katkısı. Türkiye IV. Mermer Sempozyumu Bildiriler Kitabı, 243-256.
  • Hofmann, A.W., 1988. Chemical Differentiation of The Earth: The Relationship Between Mantle, Continental Crust, and Oceanic Crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 90, 297-314.
  • Irvine, T.N. ve Baragar, W.R.A., 1971. A Guide to The Chemical Classification of Common Volcanic Rocks. Canadian Journal of Earth Science, 8, 523-548.
  • İçözü, T., 2001. Some Example Displaying in The Productivity of The Anatolian Gemological Potential. Doktora Tezi. İzmir Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. İzmir 139s.
  • Karacık, Z., Yılmaz, Y., Pearce, J.A. ve Ece, Ö.I., 2008. Petrochemistry of The South Marmara Granitoids, Northwest Anatolia, Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 97, 1181-1200.
  • Le Maitre, R.W., Streckeisen, A., Zanettin, B., Le Bas, M.J., Bonin, B., Bateman, P., Bellieni, G., Dudek, A., Efremova, S., Keller, J., Lamere, J., Sabine, P.A., Schmid, R., Sorensen, H. ve Woolley, A.R., 2002. Igneous Rocks: A Classification and Glossary of Terms, Recommendations of The International Union of Geological Sciences, Subcommission of The Systematics of Igneous Rocks. Cambridge University Press, 336 s.
  • Maniar, P.D. ve Piccoli, P.M., 1989. Tectonic Discrimination of Granitoids. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 101(5), 635-643.
  • Middlemost, E.A.K., 1994. Naming Material in The Magma/Igneous Rock System. Earth-Science Reviews, 37, 215-224.
  • Miyashiro, A., 1978. Nature of Alkalic Volcanic Rock Series. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 66, 91-104. Okay, A.İ., 2008. Geology of Turkey: A Synopsis. Anschnitt, 21, 19-42.
  • Okay, A.İ. ve Tüysüz, O., 1999. Tethyan Suture of Northern Turkey, In: Durand, B., Jivet, L., Horvath, F. ve Seranne, M., (Eds.), The Mediterranean Basins; Tertiary Extension Within The Alpine Orogen. Geological Society of Londan, Special Pubication, 156, 475-515.
  • Okay, A.İ. ve Satır, M., 2006. Geochronology of Eocene Plutonism and Metamorphism in Northwest Turkey: Evidence For A Possible Magmatic Arc. Geodinamica Acta, 19(5), 251-266.
  • Okay A.İ., Tüysüz, O., Satır, M., Özkan-Altıner, S., Altıner, D., Sherlock, S. ve Eren, R.H., 2006. Cretaceous and Triassic Subduction-Accretion, HP/LT Metamorphism and Continental Growth in The Central Pontides, Turkey. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 118, 1247-1269.
  • Özgenç, İ. ve İlbeyli, N., 2008. Petrogenesis of The Late Cenozoic Eğrigöz Pluton in Western Anatolia, Turkey: Implications for Magma Genesis and Crustal Processes. International Geology Review, 50, 375-391.
  • Pearce, J.A, Haris, N.B. W. ve Tindle, A.G., 1984. Trace Element Discrimination Diagrams for The Tectonic Interpretation of Granitic Rocks. Journal of Petrology, 25, 956-983.
  • Pehlivan, Ş., Duru. M., Dönmez, M., Ilgar, A., Akçay, A.E., Erdoğan, K. ve Özer, D., 2007. Türkiye Jeolojisi Haritaları No:96, Balıkesir-İ 19 Paftası. Maden Tetkik Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, 40 s, Ankara.
  • Prelevic´, D., Akal, C., Foley, S.F., Romer, R.L., Stracke, A. ve Van Den Bogaard, P., 2012. Ultrapotassic Mafic Rocks As Geochemical Proxies for Post-Collisional Dynamics of Orogenic Lithospheric Mantle: The Case of Southwestern Anatolia, Turkey. Journal of Petrology, 53, 1019-1055.
  • Roedder, E., 1984. Fluid Inclusions. Reviews in Mineralogy, v. 12, Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, 644.
  • Rudnick, R.L. ve Gao, S., 2004. Composition of The Continental Crust. Treatise on Geochemistry, 3, 1-65.
  • Schmidberger, S.S. ve Hegner, E., 1999. Geochemistry and Isotope Ststematics of Calc-Alkaline Volcanic Rocks From The Saar-Nahe Basin (SW Germany)-Implications for Late Variscan Orogenic Development. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 135, 373-385.
  • Smith, E.I., Sanchez, A., Walker, J.D. ve Wang, K.F., 1999. Geochemistry of Mafic Magmas in The Hurricane Volcanic Field, Utah: Implications for Small- and Large-Scale Chemical Variability of The Lithospheric Mantle. Journal of Geology, 107, 433-448.
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  • Şengör, A.M.C. ve Yılmaz, Y., 1981. Tethyan Evolution of Turkey: A Plate Tectonic Approach. Tectonophysics, 75, 181– 241.
  • Taylor, S.R. ve McLennan, S.M., 1985. The Continental Crust, Its Composition and Evolution. Blackwell, Oxford, 312p. Thirlwall, M.F., Smith, T.E., Graham, A.M., Theodorou, N., Hollings, P. ve Davidson, J.P., 1994. High Field Strength Element Anomalies in Arc Lavas: Source or Processes. Journal of Petrology, 35, 819-838.
  • Thiéblemont D. ve Tégyey M., 1994. Une Discrimination Géochimique Des Roches Différenciées Témoin de la Diversité d’origine et de Situation Tectonique Des Magmas Calcio-Alcalins. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, 319, 87-94.
  • Thompson, R.N., Morrison, M.A., Hendry, G.L. ve Parry, S.J., 1984. An Assessment of The Relative Roles of Crust and Mantle in Magma Genesis: An Elemental Approach. Philos Translate Society London, A310, 549-590.
  • Weaver, B.L., Wood, D.A., Tarney, J. ve Joron, J., 1987. Geochemistry of Ocean Island Basalt From The South Atlantic. Ascension, Bouvet, St. Helena, Gough and Tristan da Cunda. In: Fitton, J.G., Upton, B.G.J., (eds.), Alkaline Igneous Rocks. Journal of Geology Society London Special Publication, 30, 253-267.
  • Wilkinson, J.J., 2001. Fluid Inclusions in Hydrothermal Ore Deposits. Lithos, 55, 229-272.
  • Wilson, F.H., 1989. Geologic Setting, Petrology and Age of Plicene to Holocene Volcanoes of The Stepovak Bay Area, Western Alaska Peninsula, In: Dover, J.H., Galloway, J.P., (Eds.), Geological Studies in Alaska by The U.S. Geological Survey, United State Geological Survey Bulletin, 1903, 84-95.
  • Wood, D.A. ve Joron, J.L., (1979). Elemental and Sr İzotopic Variations in Basic Lava From Iceland and Surrounding Ocean Floor: The Nature of The Mantle Sources Inhomogenities. Contribition and Mineralogy Petrology, 70, 319-339.
  • Yiğit, Ö., 2009. Mineral Deposits of Turkey in Relation to Tethyan Metallogeny. Implications for Future Mineral Exploration. Economic Geology, 104, 19-51.
  • Yılmaz, Y., 1990. Comparision of Young Volcanic Associations of Western and Eastern Anatolia Under Conpressional Regime; A Review. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 44, 69-87.
  • Yılmaz, Y., Genç, Ş.C., Gürer, O.F., Bozcu, M., Yılmaz, K., Karacik, Z., Altunkaynak, Ş. ve Elmas, A., 2000. When Did The Western Anatolian Grabens Begin to Develop? In: Bozkurt, E., Winchester, J.A., Piper, J.A.D., (eds.), Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and The Surrounding Area. Journal of Geology Society London Special Publication,173, 353-384.
  • Yılmaz, Y., Genç, S.C., Karacik, Z. ve Altunkaynak, Ş., 2001. Two Contrasting Magmatic Associations of NW Anatolia and Their Tectonic Significance. Journal of Geodynamics, 31, 243-271.
  • Yüzer, E., Tunay, G., 2012. Biga Yarımadası'nın Genel ve Ekonomik Jeolojisi. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 326s.
  • Zhang, Y.G. and Frantz, J.D., 1987. Determination of the Homogenization Temperatures and Densities of Supercritical Fluids in the System NaCl-KCl-CaCl2-H2O Using Synthetic Fluid Inclusions. Chemical Geology, 64, 335-350.
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hüseyin Şahin Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-9997-1012

Zafer Aslan 0000-0002-3418-4368

Proje Numarası BAP Proje No: 2014/141
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Ekim 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Haziran 2020
Kabul Tarihi 28 Eylül 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Şahin, H., & Aslan, Z. (2020). Kalk-alkalen Musalar Graniti’nin Petrografisi, Jeokimyası ve Yukarıgöçek (Bigadiç-Balıkesir) Ametist Oluşumun Kökeni; Kuzeybatı Anadolu (Türkiye). Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(4), 1150-1168. https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.747084