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Dijitalleşen Dünyada Yeni Çalışma Koşulları: Metaverse ve Çevrimiçi Mobil Çalışma

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 14 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 26 - 45, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1147706

Öz

COVID-19 pandemisiyle birlikte fiziksel mekâna alternatif olarak geliştirilen dijital platformlara ve bu platformlar aracılığıyla sunulan hizmetlere yapılan yatırımlar hızla artmış, çok çeşitli çevrimiçi aktivite ve deneyimler ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu aktivitelerin ve deneyimlerin sunulduğu ve de yaşandığı bir fijital (phygital) mekân olan Metaverse, başta sosyalleşme ve eğlence olmak üzere çalışma, eğitim, araştırma, alışveriş vb. birçok alanda hizmetin ve altyapının sunulmasını hedeflemekte, aynı zamanda bu hizmetlerin ve altyapının sunumunu da araçsallaştırmaktadır. Özellikle büyük ve orta ölçekli şirketlerin COVID-19 pandemisi ile çalışma alanlarını Metaverse’e taşıması, iş dünyasında dijitalleşmeye bağlı bir dönüşüm sürecinin çoktan başladığının göstergesidir. Buradan hareketle, bu çalışma, Metaverse’ü dijitalleşme çağında yeni bir çalışma ortamı/ mekânı olarak tanımlamakta/ tariflemekte, kritik öneme sahip bir sosyo-teknolojik grup olarak dijital göçebeleri odağına almakta ve dijital göçebeler için alternatif bir çevrimiçi çalışma ortamı/ mekânı olarak Metaverse’ün kentsel mekâna olası etkisini literatür taramasıyla elde edilen bulgular üzerinden değerlendirerek tartışmaya açmaktadır. Mevcut literatür, her ne kadar Metaverse’ün çalışanlara ve de işverenlere sunduğu olanaklar nedeniyle öne çıktığına işaret etse de, Metaverse’ün, uzun soluklu bir kullanım kazanması sağladığı hizmete, Metaverse’ü destekleyen teknolojilerin ve altyapının ekonomik ve coğrafi olarak erişilebilir olmasına ve de kullanıcılar üzerinden kurduğu ortaklıklara ve ilişkiler ağına bağlı kalacaktır.

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, 21. Ulusal Bölge Bilimi ve Bölge Planlama Kongresi kapsamında sunulmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Arapkirli, S. (2021). Neal stephenson’ın snow crash romanı geleceği şekillendiriyor. 27 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.bilimkurgukulubu.com/edebiyat/edebiyat-uzerine/neal-stephensonin-snow-crash-romani-gelecegi-sekillendiriyor/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Ash, J., Kitchin, R. ve Leszczynski, A. (2018). Digital turn, digital geographies? Progress in Human Geography, 42(1), 25-43. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132516664800
  • Ashmore, D. (2022). A brief history of web 3.0. 14 Aralık 2022 tarihinde https://www.forbes.com/advisor/investing/cryptocurrency/what-is-web-3-0/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Bala, H. A. (2021). Designing eco cities with the understanding of digital nomads. S. Atay, G. Kurubacak-Meriç ve S. Sisman-Ugur (Der.), Present and future paradigms of cyberculture in the 21st century içinde (ss. 79–95). IGI Global.
  • Bostrom, N. ve Yudkowsky, E. (2018). The ethics of artifical intelligence. W. Ramsey ve K. Frankish (Der.), Artifial intelligence safety and security içinde (ss. 57-69). Chapman and Hall/CRC.
  • Brünker, F., Hofeditz, L., Basyurt, A. S. ve Stieglitz, S. (2022). ‘We’re all in this togather ’ – a virtual world for improving knowledge exchange and social interaction for digital work. ECIS 2022 Research-in-Progress Papers, (23).
  • Cheng, R., Wu, N., Chen, S. ve Han, B. (2022). Will metaverse be nextg internet? vision, hype, and reality. ArXiv Preprint, (arXiv:2201.12894v1).
  • Choi, H.-Y. (2022). Working in the metaverse: does telework in a metaverse office have the potential to reduce population pressure in megacities? evidence from young adults in seoul, south korea. Sustainability, 14, erken erişim. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063629
  • Clement, J. (2022a). Global business point of view regarding the metaverse 2022. 27 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.statista.com/statistics/1302156/business-point-of-view-regarding-the-metaverse-worldwide/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Clement, J. (2022b). Leading business sectors already investing in the metaverse 2022. 27 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.statista.com/statistics/1302091/global-business-sectors-investing-in-the-metaverse/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Ericson. (2022). 5G. 27 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.ericsson.com/en/5g adresinden erişildi.
  • Gede, I. G. K., Marhaeni, K. E., Putrana, I. W. ve Sanjiwani, I. G. A. M. (2021). A model of community-based development in digital nomad tourism in intaran village bali. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 544, 382–386. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210424.073
  • Gil-Garcia, J. R., Vivanco, L. F. ve Luna-Reyes, L. F. (2014). Revisiting the problem of technological and social determinism: reflections for digital government scholars. Innovation and the Public Sector, 21, 254–263. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-429-9-254
  • Green, P. (2020). Disruptions of self, place and mobility: digital nomads in chiang mai, thailand. Mobilities, 15(3), 431-445. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2020.1723253
  • Gretzel, U. (2022). The perpetual traveler - hypermobility in a connected world. R. Llamas ve R. Belk (Der.), The routledge handbook of digital consumption içinde (ss. 351-361). Routledge.
  • Grider, C. (2022). 63 surprising digital nomad statistics [Analysis updated for 2023]. 14 Aralık 2022 tarihinde https://abrotherabroad.com/digital-nomad-statistics adresinden erişildi.
  • Gumpert, G. ve Drucker, S. J. (1998). The mediated home in the global village. Communication Research, 25(4), 422–438. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365098025004005
  • Haber Global. (2022). Metaverse bir balon mu yoksa yatırım aracı mı? | okan bayülgen ile muhabbet kralı. 29 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PfHtMQhTEU&list=PLhrHpAxUFkEEmd8IC12-IHOfKrhLPbBQN&index=7&t=5695s adresinden erişildi.
  • Hensellek, S. ve Puchala, N. (2021). The emergence of the digital nomad: a review and analysis of the opportunities and risks of digital nomadism. M. Orel, O. Dvoulety ve V. Ratten (Der), The flexible workplace: coworking and other modern workplace transformations içinde (ss. 195–214). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
  • Johannessen, S. (2000). The nomadisation of worklife: advantages and disadvantages of mobile telework. 26 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.duo.uio.no/handle/10852/17827 adresinden erişildi.
  • Johnson, J. (2022). Projected metaverse reach among global consumers and businesses 2026. 27 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.statista.com/statistics/1290160/projected-metaverse-use-reach-global-consumers-businesses/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Johnson, T. (2022). 44 countries with digital nomad visas – the ultimate list. 26 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://nomadgirl.co/countries-with-digital-nomad-visas/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Kılıç, T. (2021). Yeni bilim: bağlantısallık - yeni kültür: yaşamdaşlık. İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Kirtley, D. B. (2021). “Snow crash” is a cyberpunk classic. 27 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.wired.com/2021/10/geeks-guide-snow-crash/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Kocaman, S. (2021). Nomadlist’de dijital göçebeler tarafından 2020’de en fazla tercih edilen destinasyonların destinasyon seçim kriterlerine göre kümelendirilmesi. Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 799–815. https://doi.org/10.26677/tr1010.2021.739
  • Kwok, L. (2020). As more companies let employees work from home permanently, what is the outlook of business travel? Hospitality Net. 26 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.hospitalitynet.org/opinion/4101284.html adresinden erişildi.
  • Lee, L.-H., Braud, T., Zhou, P., Wang, L., Xu, D., Lin, Z., … Hui, P. (2021). All one needs to know about metaverse: a complete survey on technological singularity, virtual ecosystem, and research agenda. Journal of Latex Class Files, 14(8), 1–66.
  • Lilischkis, S. (2003). More yo-yos, pendulums and nomads: trends of mobile and multi-location work in the information society. STAR issue report, 36.
  • Longoni, F. (2021). The diffuse office (TU Delft). 26 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid:a20ebb20-50b4-4ebd-b5f1-89f14b1ee421 adresinden erişildi.
  • Makimoto, T. ve Manners, D. (1997). The nomadic opportunity. Digital nomad içinde (ss. 1–24). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
  • McLean, J. (2020). Changing digital geographies: technologies, environments and people. Palgrave Macmillan Cham.
  • Monday.com. (2022). A platform built for a new way of working. 26 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://monday.com/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Moser, M.-B., Rowland, D. C. ve Moser, E. I. (2015). Place cells, grid cells, and memory. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 7, 1–16.
  • Newman AO, P. (2020). Covid, cities and climate: historical precedents and potential transitions for the new economy. Urban Science, 4(3), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci4030032
  • Nomad List. (2022). Nomad list. 26 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://nomadlist.com/%0A adresinden erişildi.
  • Rimol, M. (2022). Gartner predicts 25% of people will spend at least one hour per day in the metaverse by 2026. 07 Şubat 2022 tarihinde https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2022-02-07-gartner-predicts-25-percent-of-people-will-spend-at-least-one-hour-per-day-in-the-metaverse-by-2026 adresinden erişildi.
  • Riva, G. ve Wiederhold, B. K. (2022). What the metaverse is (really) and why we need to know about it. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 25(6), 355—359. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2022.0124
  • Second Life. (2022). Second life main grid stats. 27 Nisam 2022 tarihinde https://agni.secondlife.softhyena.com//stats adresinden erişildi.
  • Slack. (2022). Bring your team together. 26 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://slack.com/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Statista Research Department. (2021). Global market capitalization of metaverse, facebook and gaming 2021. 26 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.statista.com/statistics/1280565/global-market-cap-metaverse-facebook-gaming/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Ulubaş Hamurcu, A. (2018). Urban nomadism and pop-up residences: an alternative for living or not? 2nd International Urban Environment Health Congress, 78–87.
  • Ulubaş Hamurcu, A. (2021). Modeling socio-spatial change: impact of socio-technological factors on future urban space configuration. Istanbul Technical University.
  • Ulubaş Hamurcu, A. (2022). The metaverse, online communities and (real) urban space. Urbani Izziv, 33(2), 73-81. https://doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2022-33-02-01
  • Ulubaş Hamurcu, A. ve Terzi, F. (2022). Socio-technological factors and changing urban spaces. Space and Culture, 25(4), 553-564. https://doi.org/10.1177/1206331220910675
  • United Nations. (2020). Policy brief: covid-19 in an urban world. 29 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/sg_policy_brief_covid_urban_world_july_2020.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Wise, J. (2022). Metaverse statistics, facts & market size data for 2022. 07 Şubat 2022 tarihinde https://earthweb.com/metaverse-statistics/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Woolf, M. (2022). 50+ digital nomad statistics, facts, and trends 2022. 14 Aralık 2022 tarihinde https://passport-photo.online/blog/digital-nomad-statistics-and-trends/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Zook, M., Dodge, M., Aoyama, Y. ve Townsend, A. (2004). New digital technologies: information, communication, and place. S.D. Brunn, S. L. Cutter ve J. W. Harrington, Jr. (Der), Geography and technology içinde (ss. 155-176). Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Zoom. (2022). In this together. keeping you connected wherever you are. 26 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://zoom.us/ adresinden erişildi.

New Working Conditions in the Digitalizing World: Metaverse and Online Mobile Working

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 14 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 26 - 45, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1147706

Öz

With the COVID-19 pandemic, various online activities and experiences emerged along with the increase in investments in digital platforms and related services being developed as an alternative to physical space. Metaverse, as a phygital space, enables these activities to be experienced physically and digitally synchronously and place-independent, and is primarily used for socializing/entertainment, work, and education. The fact that large and medium-sized companies moved their workspaces to Metaverse with the COVID-19 pandemic indicates that a transformation process related to digitalization has already begun in the business sector. From this perspective, this study defines Metaverse as a new working environment in the era of digitalization, focusing on digital nomads as a critical socio-technological group and Metaverse as an alternative online working environment for them. Relatedly, it discusses Metaverse’s possible impact on urban space by evaluating the findings obtained from the literature review. Although the existing literature indicates that Metaverse stands out for the opportunities it offers to employees and employers, its ability to gain long-term use will depend on the service it provides, the economic and geographical availability of the technologies and infrastructure that support Metaverse, and the partnerships and network of relationships it will establish through users.

Kaynakça

  • Arapkirli, S. (2021). Neal stephenson’ın snow crash romanı geleceği şekillendiriyor. 27 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.bilimkurgukulubu.com/edebiyat/edebiyat-uzerine/neal-stephensonin-snow-crash-romani-gelecegi-sekillendiriyor/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Ash, J., Kitchin, R. ve Leszczynski, A. (2018). Digital turn, digital geographies? Progress in Human Geography, 42(1), 25-43. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132516664800
  • Ashmore, D. (2022). A brief history of web 3.0. 14 Aralık 2022 tarihinde https://www.forbes.com/advisor/investing/cryptocurrency/what-is-web-3-0/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Bala, H. A. (2021). Designing eco cities with the understanding of digital nomads. S. Atay, G. Kurubacak-Meriç ve S. Sisman-Ugur (Der.), Present and future paradigms of cyberculture in the 21st century içinde (ss. 79–95). IGI Global.
  • Bostrom, N. ve Yudkowsky, E. (2018). The ethics of artifical intelligence. W. Ramsey ve K. Frankish (Der.), Artifial intelligence safety and security içinde (ss. 57-69). Chapman and Hall/CRC.
  • Brünker, F., Hofeditz, L., Basyurt, A. S. ve Stieglitz, S. (2022). ‘We’re all in this togather ’ – a virtual world for improving knowledge exchange and social interaction for digital work. ECIS 2022 Research-in-Progress Papers, (23).
  • Cheng, R., Wu, N., Chen, S. ve Han, B. (2022). Will metaverse be nextg internet? vision, hype, and reality. ArXiv Preprint, (arXiv:2201.12894v1).
  • Choi, H.-Y. (2022). Working in the metaverse: does telework in a metaverse office have the potential to reduce population pressure in megacities? evidence from young adults in seoul, south korea. Sustainability, 14, erken erişim. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063629
  • Clement, J. (2022a). Global business point of view regarding the metaverse 2022. 27 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.statista.com/statistics/1302156/business-point-of-view-regarding-the-metaverse-worldwide/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Clement, J. (2022b). Leading business sectors already investing in the metaverse 2022. 27 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.statista.com/statistics/1302091/global-business-sectors-investing-in-the-metaverse/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Ericson. (2022). 5G. 27 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.ericsson.com/en/5g adresinden erişildi.
  • Gede, I. G. K., Marhaeni, K. E., Putrana, I. W. ve Sanjiwani, I. G. A. M. (2021). A model of community-based development in digital nomad tourism in intaran village bali. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 544, 382–386. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210424.073
  • Gil-Garcia, J. R., Vivanco, L. F. ve Luna-Reyes, L. F. (2014). Revisiting the problem of technological and social determinism: reflections for digital government scholars. Innovation and the Public Sector, 21, 254–263. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-429-9-254
  • Green, P. (2020). Disruptions of self, place and mobility: digital nomads in chiang mai, thailand. Mobilities, 15(3), 431-445. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2020.1723253
  • Gretzel, U. (2022). The perpetual traveler - hypermobility in a connected world. R. Llamas ve R. Belk (Der.), The routledge handbook of digital consumption içinde (ss. 351-361). Routledge.
  • Grider, C. (2022). 63 surprising digital nomad statistics [Analysis updated for 2023]. 14 Aralık 2022 tarihinde https://abrotherabroad.com/digital-nomad-statistics adresinden erişildi.
  • Gumpert, G. ve Drucker, S. J. (1998). The mediated home in the global village. Communication Research, 25(4), 422–438. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365098025004005
  • Haber Global. (2022). Metaverse bir balon mu yoksa yatırım aracı mı? | okan bayülgen ile muhabbet kralı. 29 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PfHtMQhTEU&list=PLhrHpAxUFkEEmd8IC12-IHOfKrhLPbBQN&index=7&t=5695s adresinden erişildi.
  • Hensellek, S. ve Puchala, N. (2021). The emergence of the digital nomad: a review and analysis of the opportunities and risks of digital nomadism. M. Orel, O. Dvoulety ve V. Ratten (Der), The flexible workplace: coworking and other modern workplace transformations içinde (ss. 195–214). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
  • Johannessen, S. (2000). The nomadisation of worklife: advantages and disadvantages of mobile telework. 26 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.duo.uio.no/handle/10852/17827 adresinden erişildi.
  • Johnson, J. (2022). Projected metaverse reach among global consumers and businesses 2026. 27 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.statista.com/statistics/1290160/projected-metaverse-use-reach-global-consumers-businesses/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Johnson, T. (2022). 44 countries with digital nomad visas – the ultimate list. 26 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://nomadgirl.co/countries-with-digital-nomad-visas/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Kılıç, T. (2021). Yeni bilim: bağlantısallık - yeni kültür: yaşamdaşlık. İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Kirtley, D. B. (2021). “Snow crash” is a cyberpunk classic. 27 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.wired.com/2021/10/geeks-guide-snow-crash/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Kocaman, S. (2021). Nomadlist’de dijital göçebeler tarafından 2020’de en fazla tercih edilen destinasyonların destinasyon seçim kriterlerine göre kümelendirilmesi. Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 799–815. https://doi.org/10.26677/tr1010.2021.739
  • Kwok, L. (2020). As more companies let employees work from home permanently, what is the outlook of business travel? Hospitality Net. 26 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.hospitalitynet.org/opinion/4101284.html adresinden erişildi.
  • Lee, L.-H., Braud, T., Zhou, P., Wang, L., Xu, D., Lin, Z., … Hui, P. (2021). All one needs to know about metaverse: a complete survey on technological singularity, virtual ecosystem, and research agenda. Journal of Latex Class Files, 14(8), 1–66.
  • Lilischkis, S. (2003). More yo-yos, pendulums and nomads: trends of mobile and multi-location work in the information society. STAR issue report, 36.
  • Longoni, F. (2021). The diffuse office (TU Delft). 26 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid:a20ebb20-50b4-4ebd-b5f1-89f14b1ee421 adresinden erişildi.
  • Makimoto, T. ve Manners, D. (1997). The nomadic opportunity. Digital nomad içinde (ss. 1–24). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
  • McLean, J. (2020). Changing digital geographies: technologies, environments and people. Palgrave Macmillan Cham.
  • Monday.com. (2022). A platform built for a new way of working. 26 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://monday.com/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Moser, M.-B., Rowland, D. C. ve Moser, E. I. (2015). Place cells, grid cells, and memory. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 7, 1–16.
  • Newman AO, P. (2020). Covid, cities and climate: historical precedents and potential transitions for the new economy. Urban Science, 4(3), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci4030032
  • Nomad List. (2022). Nomad list. 26 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://nomadlist.com/%0A adresinden erişildi.
  • Rimol, M. (2022). Gartner predicts 25% of people will spend at least one hour per day in the metaverse by 2026. 07 Şubat 2022 tarihinde https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2022-02-07-gartner-predicts-25-percent-of-people-will-spend-at-least-one-hour-per-day-in-the-metaverse-by-2026 adresinden erişildi.
  • Riva, G. ve Wiederhold, B. K. (2022). What the metaverse is (really) and why we need to know about it. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 25(6), 355—359. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2022.0124
  • Second Life. (2022). Second life main grid stats. 27 Nisam 2022 tarihinde https://agni.secondlife.softhyena.com//stats adresinden erişildi.
  • Slack. (2022). Bring your team together. 26 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://slack.com/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Statista Research Department. (2021). Global market capitalization of metaverse, facebook and gaming 2021. 26 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.statista.com/statistics/1280565/global-market-cap-metaverse-facebook-gaming/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Ulubaş Hamurcu, A. (2018). Urban nomadism and pop-up residences: an alternative for living or not? 2nd International Urban Environment Health Congress, 78–87.
  • Ulubaş Hamurcu, A. (2021). Modeling socio-spatial change: impact of socio-technological factors on future urban space configuration. Istanbul Technical University.
  • Ulubaş Hamurcu, A. (2022). The metaverse, online communities and (real) urban space. Urbani Izziv, 33(2), 73-81. https://doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2022-33-02-01
  • Ulubaş Hamurcu, A. ve Terzi, F. (2022). Socio-technological factors and changing urban spaces. Space and Culture, 25(4), 553-564. https://doi.org/10.1177/1206331220910675
  • United Nations. (2020). Policy brief: covid-19 in an urban world. 29 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/sg_policy_brief_covid_urban_world_july_2020.pdf adresinden erişildi.
  • Wise, J. (2022). Metaverse statistics, facts & market size data for 2022. 07 Şubat 2022 tarihinde https://earthweb.com/metaverse-statistics/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Woolf, M. (2022). 50+ digital nomad statistics, facts, and trends 2022. 14 Aralık 2022 tarihinde https://passport-photo.online/blog/digital-nomad-statistics-and-trends/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Zook, M., Dodge, M., Aoyama, Y. ve Townsend, A. (2004). New digital technologies: information, communication, and place. S.D. Brunn, S. L. Cutter ve J. W. Harrington, Jr. (Der), Geography and technology içinde (ss. 155-176). Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Zoom. (2022). In this together. keeping you connected wherever you are. 26 Nisan 2022 tarihinde https://zoom.us/ adresinden erişildi.
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Aslı Ulubaş Hamurcu 0000-0003-3043-5091

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 14 Sayı: Özel Sayı

Kaynak Göster

APA Ulubaş Hamurcu, A. (2022). Dijitalleşen Dünyada Yeni Çalışma Koşulları: Metaverse ve Çevrimiçi Mobil Çalışma. İDEALKENT, 14(Özel Sayı), 26-45. https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1147706