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Paylaşım Ekonomisinin Kırsalda Yükselişi: Kırsal Turizm İçin Fırsatlar ve Riskler

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 163 - 178, 30.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.30625/ijctr.781514

Öz

Günümüz dünyasında bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin turizmle ilişkisi, seyahat öncesinden başlayarak seyahat sonrasına kadar uzanan tüm süreçte giderek yoğunlaşmakta, kullanım pratikleri çeşitlenmekte ve artmaktadır. Önceleri etkisini daha çok kentsel destinasyonlarda gösteren bu olgu, bir taraftan paylaşım ekonomisi platformlarının başarılı uygulamaları, diğer taraftan ise yerel ekonominin çıkmazlarına reçete arayışlarında ve değişen turist profili sonucunda kırsal alanlarda da kendine yer edinmeye başlamıştır. Kırlara giren her yenilik gibi paylaşım ekonomisinin de beraberinde fırsatlar ve riskler getirme olasılığı, bu çalışmanın konu ve amacını; paylaşım ekonomisinin turizmle simbiyotik ilişkisine ve kırsal alanlar-kırsal turizm özelinde kuramsal değerlendirmelere dayandırmıştır. Nitel içerikli bu makale, bir tematik derleme ve ilişkisel analiz üzerine tasarlanmış bir eylem araştırmasıdır. Alanyazından elde edilen veriler, genelden özele ve kuramdan örneklere doğru bir akış içinde bütünleştirilmiştir. Bulgulara göre; paylaşım ekonomisinin kırsalda büyümesi çeşitli boyutlarıyla katlanarak devam edecektir. Bu durum kırsal turizm için çok sayıda sosyal ve ekonomik fırsat (atıl durumdaki yapıların yeni işlevlere kavuşması, iş ve gelir sağlaması, yerel mirasın sahiplenilmesi, dezavantajlı bölgelerde yaşayanların sosyalleşmesi vb.) yaratabileceği gibi birtakım riskleri de (yasal sorunlar, haksız rekabet, ayrımcılık vb.) getirebilecektir. Kırsal turizm, paylaşım ekonomisiyle barışık ve holistik yapıda, hizmet ve aktiviteler, örgütlenme, tanıtım ve pazarlama konularında gelenekselin dışına çıkarak yeni bir yapılanma sürecini yaşamak zorunda kalacaktır.

Kaynakça

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  • Airbnb (2015). Summer Travel Report: 2015. Ulaşılabilir: https://blog.atairbnb.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Airbnb-Summer-Travel-Report-1.pdf ErişimTarihi, 09.08.2020
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  • Airbnb (2017b). Beyond cities: How Airbnb supports rural revitalization. Ulaşılabilir: https://news.airbnb.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/06/Beyond-Cities_Global-Report.pdf Erişim tarihi, 12.08.2020.
  • Andriotisa, K., & Agiomirgianakis, G. (2013). Market escape through exchange home swap as a form of non-commercial hospitality. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(7), 576-579. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2013.837868
  • Aytüre, S. (2013). Avrupa Birliği’nde kırsal turizm politikası ve Aksaray’da uygulanabilirliği. Aksaray Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 7-23.
  • Bardhi, F., & Eckhardt, G. M. (2012). Access-based consumption: The case of car sharing. Journal of Consumer Research, 39(4), 881-898. doi: 10.1086/666376
  • Battino, S., & Lampreu, S. (2019). The role of the sharing economy for a sustainable and innovative development of rural areas: A case study in Sardinia (Italy). Sustainability, 11(11), 3004. doi: 10.3390/su11113004
  • Baykal, F. (2018). Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma ve Türkiye. İçinde, Arslan, F., Karadağ, A. (Eds.), Kırsal kalkınmada sürdürülebilir yaklaşımlar ve Türkiye için öneriler, (pp. 233-264), Gazi Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Baykal, F., & Ataberk, E. (2020). Kozbeyli’de (Foça/İzmir) kırsal turizmin geliştirilmesi hakkında yerel halkın görüşleri. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 29(1), 1-17.
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  • Belk, R. (2014b). You are what you can access: Sharing and collaborative consumption online. Journal of Business Research, 67(8), 1595-1600. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.10.001
  • Belotti, S. (2019). “Sharing” tourism as an opportunity for territorial regeneration: The case of Iseo Lake, Italy. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin, 68(1), 79-91. doi: 10.15201/hungeobull.68.1.6
  • Bialski, P. (2011). Technologies of hospitality: How planned encounters develop between strangers. Hospitality & Society, 1(3), 245-260. doi: 10.1386/hosp.1.3.245_1
  • Botsman, R., & Rogers, R. (2010). What’s mine is yours: The rise of collaborative consumption. HarperBusiness, New York.
  • Čavalić, A. (2017). Sharing economy in Western Balkans: Potential for rural development. 10.14706/icesos171%29
  • Cheng, M. (2016). Sharing economy: A review and agenda for future research. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 57, 60-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2016.06.003
  • Codagnone, C., Biagi, F., & Abadie, F. (2016). The passions and the interests: Unpacking the ‘sharing economy’. JRC Science for Policy Report, Publications Office of the European Union Studies, Luxembourg. doi: 10.2791/474555
  • Demir, E. (2017). Kentsel Kültürel Turizmde Ağ Toplumu ve Paylaşım Kültürünün Turizm Coğrafyası Yaklaşımıyla Değerlendirilmesi: İzmir Örneği. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, 330 pp.
  • Demir, E., & Emekli, G. (2019a). Geographical distribution of modern and postmodern accommodation supply: A case study of İzmir (Turkey). Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 28(1), 35-50.
  • Demir, E., & Emekli, G. (2019b). Tesisten konuta, turistten misafire: CouchSurfing İzmir örneği. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 28(1), 51-66.
  • Dogru, T., Mody, M., Suess, C., Line, N., & Bonn, M. (2020). Airbnb 2.0: Is it a sharing economy platform or a lodging corporation? Tourism Management, 78, 104049. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104049
  • Dolnicar, S. (2018). Peer-to-peer accommodation networks: Pushing the boundaries. Goodfellow Publishers, Oxford. doi: 10.23912/9781911396512-3454
  • Dornier, R., & Selmi, N. (2018). Peer-to-peer accommodation and sustainability in mountain areas. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 10(2), 259-266. doi: 10.1108/WHATT-01-2018-0001
  • Dredge, D., & Gyimóthy, S. (2015). The collaborative economy and tourism: Critical perspectives, questionable claims and silenced voices. Tourism Recreation Research, 40(3), 286-302. doi: 10.1080/02508281.2015.1086076
  • Duan, X., Lı, Q., Chen, T., & Cheng, C. (2019). Research on the internet marketing of rural homestay: A case study of Lichuan city of Hubei Province. Proceedings of the International Conference on Informatics, Control and Robotics, (pp. 504-510). June, 16-17, Shanghai. doi: 10.12783/DTETR%2FICICR2019%2F30620
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The Rise of Sharing Economy in the Rural Areas: Opportunities and Risks for Rural Tourism

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 163 - 178, 30.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.30625/ijctr.781514

Öz

The relationship of information and communication technologies with tourism has been become intense in the entire process from pre-travel to post-travel. This phenomenon, which previously showed its effect mostly in urban destinations, has begun to gain a place in rural areas as a result of the successful applications of sharing economy platforms, the search for solutions for the stalemates of the local economy and the changing tourist profile. The subject and purpose of this study is based on the symbiotic relationship of the sharing economy with tourism and on theoretical evaluations in rural areas-rural tourism. In this context, the opportunities and risks that the sharing economy may bring in the countryside are emphasized. This qualitative article is an action research designed on a thematic review and relational analysis. The data obtained from the literature are integrated in a flow from general to specific and from theory to examples. According to the findings, the growth of the sharing economy in rural areas will continue with its various dimensions. This situation may create numerous social and economic opportunities for rural tourism (bringing new functions to idle structures, providing jobs, income and awareness of local heritage conservation, socializing those living in disadvantaged areas, etc.) as well as some risks (legal problems, unfair competition, discrimination, etc.). Rural tourism, together with the sharing economy in a holistic structure, will have to go beyond traditional in terms of services and activities, organization, promotion and marketing and go through a new structuring process.

Kaynakça

  • Adamiak, C. (2019). Current state and development of Airbnb accommodation offer in 167 countries. Current Issues in Tourism. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2019.1696758
  • Airbnb (2015). Summer Travel Report: 2015. Ulaşılabilir: https://blog.atairbnb.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Airbnb-Summer-Travel-Report-1.pdf ErişimTarihi, 09.08.2020
  • Airbnb (2017a). Beyond cities: How Airbnb supports rural American revitalization. Ulaşılabilir: https://news.airbnb.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2017/06/Beyond-Cities_United-States-National-Report.pdf Erişim tarihi, 12.08.2020.
  • Airbnb (2017b). Beyond cities: How Airbnb supports rural revitalization. Ulaşılabilir: https://news.airbnb.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/06/Beyond-Cities_Global-Report.pdf Erişim tarihi, 12.08.2020.
  • Andriotisa, K., & Agiomirgianakis, G. (2013). Market escape through exchange home swap as a form of non-commercial hospitality. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(7), 576-579. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2013.837868
  • Aytüre, S. (2013). Avrupa Birliği’nde kırsal turizm politikası ve Aksaray’da uygulanabilirliği. Aksaray Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 7-23.
  • Bardhi, F., & Eckhardt, G. M. (2012). Access-based consumption: The case of car sharing. Journal of Consumer Research, 39(4), 881-898. doi: 10.1086/666376
  • Battino, S., & Lampreu, S. (2019). The role of the sharing economy for a sustainable and innovative development of rural areas: A case study in Sardinia (Italy). Sustainability, 11(11), 3004. doi: 10.3390/su11113004
  • Baykal, F. (2018). Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma ve Türkiye. İçinde, Arslan, F., Karadağ, A. (Eds.), Kırsal kalkınmada sürdürülebilir yaklaşımlar ve Türkiye için öneriler, (pp. 233-264), Gazi Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Baykal, F., & Ataberk, E. (2020). Kozbeyli’de (Foça/İzmir) kırsal turizmin geliştirilmesi hakkında yerel halkın görüşleri. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 29(1), 1-17.
  • Belk, R. (2014a). Sharing versus pseudo-sharing in Web 2.0. The Anthropologist, 18(1), 7-23. doi: 10.1080/09720073.2014.11891518
  • Belk, R. (2014b). You are what you can access: Sharing and collaborative consumption online. Journal of Business Research, 67(8), 1595-1600. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.10.001
  • Belotti, S. (2019). “Sharing” tourism as an opportunity for territorial regeneration: The case of Iseo Lake, Italy. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin, 68(1), 79-91. doi: 10.15201/hungeobull.68.1.6
  • Bialski, P. (2011). Technologies of hospitality: How planned encounters develop between strangers. Hospitality & Society, 1(3), 245-260. doi: 10.1386/hosp.1.3.245_1
  • Botsman, R., & Rogers, R. (2010). What’s mine is yours: The rise of collaborative consumption. HarperBusiness, New York.
  • Čavalić, A. (2017). Sharing economy in Western Balkans: Potential for rural development. 10.14706/icesos171%29
  • Cheng, M. (2016). Sharing economy: A review and agenda for future research. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 57, 60-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2016.06.003
  • Codagnone, C., Biagi, F., & Abadie, F. (2016). The passions and the interests: Unpacking the ‘sharing economy’. JRC Science for Policy Report, Publications Office of the European Union Studies, Luxembourg. doi: 10.2791/474555
  • Demir, E. (2017). Kentsel Kültürel Turizmde Ağ Toplumu ve Paylaşım Kültürünün Turizm Coğrafyası Yaklaşımıyla Değerlendirilmesi: İzmir Örneği. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, 330 pp.
  • Demir, E., & Emekli, G. (2019a). Geographical distribution of modern and postmodern accommodation supply: A case study of İzmir (Turkey). Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 28(1), 35-50.
  • Demir, E., & Emekli, G. (2019b). Tesisten konuta, turistten misafire: CouchSurfing İzmir örneği. Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, 28(1), 51-66.
  • Dogru, T., Mody, M., Suess, C., Line, N., & Bonn, M. (2020). Airbnb 2.0: Is it a sharing economy platform or a lodging corporation? Tourism Management, 78, 104049. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104049
  • Dolnicar, S. (2018). Peer-to-peer accommodation networks: Pushing the boundaries. Goodfellow Publishers, Oxford. doi: 10.23912/9781911396512-3454
  • Dornier, R., & Selmi, N. (2018). Peer-to-peer accommodation and sustainability in mountain areas. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 10(2), 259-266. doi: 10.1108/WHATT-01-2018-0001
  • Dredge, D., & Gyimóthy, S. (2015). The collaborative economy and tourism: Critical perspectives, questionable claims and silenced voices. Tourism Recreation Research, 40(3), 286-302. doi: 10.1080/02508281.2015.1086076
  • Duan, X., Lı, Q., Chen, T., & Cheng, C. (2019). Research on the internet marketing of rural homestay: A case study of Lichuan city of Hubei Province. Proceedings of the International Conference on Informatics, Control and Robotics, (pp. 504-510). June, 16-17, Shanghai. doi: 10.12783/DTETR%2FICICR2019%2F30620
  • Ekin, Y., Akbulut, O., & Bahar, M. (2019). Kırsal turizmde uluslararası pazarlama yapılanmalarına örnek: Eurogites Web Sitesi. Uluslararası Kırsal Turizm ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 3(1), 07-10.
  • Falk, M., Larpin, B., & Scaglione, M. (2019). The role of specific attributes in determining prices of Airbnb listings in rural and urban locations. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 83, 132-140. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.04.023
  • Fitzmaurice, C. J., Ladegaard, I., Attwood-Charles, W., Cansoy, M., Carfagna, L. B., Schor, J. B., & Wengronowitz, R. (2018), Domesticating the market: Moral exchange and the sharing economy. Socio-Economic Review, 18(1), 81-102. doi: 10.1093/ser/mwy003
  • Frenken, K., & Schor, J. B. (2017). Putting the sharing economy into perspective. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 23, 3-10. doi: 10.1016/j.eist.2017.01.003
  • Gansky, L. (2010). The Mesh: Why the Future of Business is Sharing. Penguin Books, New York.
  • Germann Molz, J. (2013). Social networking technologies and the moral economy of alternative tourism: The case of couchsurfing.org. Annals of Tourism Research, 43, 210-230. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2013.08.001
  • Germann Molz, J. (2011). CouchSurfing and network hospitality: It’s not just about furnutire. Hospitality & Society, 1(3), 215-235. doi: 10.1386/hosp.1.3.215_2
  • Gibson-Graham, J. K. (2008). Diverse economies: Performative practices for ‘other worlds’. Progress in Human Geography, 32(5), 613-632. doi: 10.1177/0309132508090821
  • Gobble, M. M. (2017). Defining the sharing economy. Research Technology Management, 60(2), 59-63. doi: 10.1080/08956308.2017.1276393
  • Gössling, S., & Lane, B. (2015). Rural tourism and the development of internet-based accommodation booking platforms: A study in the advantages, dangers and implications of innovation. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(8-9), 1386-1403. doi: 10.1080/09669582.2014.909448
  • Goudin, P. (2016). The cost of Non-Europe in the sharing economy: Economic, social and legal challenges and opportunities. European Parliamentary Research Service, Brussels. doi: 10.2861/26238
  • Heo, C. Y. (2016). Sharing economy and prospects in tourism research. Annals of Tourism Research, 58(C), 166-170. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2016.02.002
  • Ivanova, M., Ivanov, S., & Yanev, H. (2015). Distribution channels of eco and rural guest houses – from fiction to reality. Proceedings of the “Eco and Rural Tourism - Challenges and Perspectives” Conference, (pp. 162-174), June 18-19, Bourgas.
  • Juul, M. (2015). The sharing economy and tourism: Tourist Accommodation. European Parliamentary Research Service, Brussels.
  • Kara, T. (2013). Sosyal medya endüstrisi: İnsan, toplum, ekonomi. Beta Basım, İstanbul.
  • Köksal, O. (2011). Organizasyonel etkinliği sağlamanın yeni yolu: Simbiyotik liderlik. C.Ü. İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 12(1), 55-72.
  • Lane, B. (2005). Sustainable rural tourism strategies: A tool for development and conservation, Interamerican Journal of Environment and Tourism, 1(1), 12-18.
  • Leick, B., Aldogan Eklund, M., & Karlsen Kivedal, B. (2020). Digital entrepreneurs in the sharing economy: A case study on Airbnb and regional economic development in Norway. İçinde, Strømmen-Bahktiar, A., Vinogradov, E. (Eds.), The Impact of the sharing economy on businesses and society: From gig economy to financial services. (pp. 69-88), Routledge, Abingdon.
  • Mahadevan, R. (2020). Is there an urban-rural divide in the demand for peer-to-peer accommodation sharing? Current Issues in Tourism, 1-8. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2020.1715356
  • Martin, C. J. (2016). The sharing economy: A pathway to sustainability or a nightmarish form of neoliberal capitalism? Ecological Economics, 121, 149-159. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.11.027
  • Mihailovic, B., & Moric, I. (2012). The role of marketing philosophy in rural tourism developments. Tourism and Hospitality Management, 18(2), 267-279.
  • Moeller, S., & Wittkowski, K. (2010). The burdens of ownership: Reasons for preferring renting. Managing Service Quality, 20(2), 176-191. doi: 10.1108/09604521011027598
  • Möhlmann, M. (2015). Collaborative consumption: Determinants of satisfaction and the likelihood of using a sharing economy option again. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 14, 193-207. doi: 10.1002/cb.1512
  • Nicholas, A. J. (2014). The social logics of sharing. The Communication Review, 16(3), 113-131. doi: 10.1080/10714421.2013.807119
  • Nielsen, (2014). Global consumers embrace the share economy. Ulaşılabilir: https://www.nielsen.com/apac/en/press-releases/2014/global-consumers-embrace-the-share-economy/ Erişim tarihi, 09.08.2020.
  • Nieto, J., Hernandez-Maestro, R., & Munoz-Gallego, P. (2014). Marketing decisions, customer reviews, and business performance: The use of the top rural website by Spanish rural lodging establishments. Tourism Management, 45, 115-123. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2014.03.009
  • OECD, (2016). Policies for the tourism sharing economy. İçinde, OECD Tourism Trends and Policies 2016, (pp. 89-120). OECD Publishing, Paris. doi: 10.1787/tour-2016-en
  • Ozanne, L. K., & Ballantine, P. W. (2010). Sharing as a form of anti-consumption? An examination of toy library users. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 9(6), 485-498. doi: 10.1002/cb.334
  • Parente, R. C., Geleilate, J-M, G., & Rong, K. (2018). The sharing economy globalization phenomenon: A research agenda. Journal of International Management, 24, 52-64. doi: 10.1016/j.intman.2017.10.001
  • Pawlicz, A., & Kubicki, R. (2017). Sharing economy development paths in non-urban areas. The case of hospitality product in Polish national parks. Ekonomia i Środowisko, 4(63), 166-176.
  • Pegasus (2019). Pegasus BolBol & Airbnb iş birliği. Ulaşılabilir: https://www.flypgs.com/kampanyali-ucak-biletleri/pegasus-bolbol-airbnb-is-birligi Erişim tarihi, 09.08.2020
  • PwC, (2015). The Sharing Economy-Sizing the Revenue Opportunity, Ulaşılabilir: http://www.pwc.co.uk/issues/megatrends/collisions/sharingeconomy/the-sharing-economy-sizing-the-revenue-opportunity.html. Erişim tarihi, 07.08.2020.
  • Quattrone, G., Proserpio, D., Quercia, D., Capra, L., & Musolesi, M. (2016). Who benefits from the “sharing” economy of Airbnb?. İçince, Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on World Wide Web, (pp. 1385-1394). Geneva, Switzerland. doi: 10.1145/2872427.2874815
  • Richardson, L. (2015). Performing the sharing economy. Geoforum, 67, 121-129. doi: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.11.004 Rifkin, J. (2000). The age of access: The new culture of hypercapitalism, where all of life is a paid-for experience. Putam, New York.
  • Ritzer, G. (2015). Hospitality and prosumption. Journal Research in Hospitality Management, 5(1), 9-17. doi: 10.1080/22243534.2015.11828323.
  • Sans, A. A., & Domínguez, A. Q. (2016). Unravelling Airbnb: Urban Perspectives from Barcelona. İçinde, Russo, A.,P., Richards, G. (Eds.), Reinventing the Local in Tourism: Producing, Consuming and Negotiating Place, Channel View Publications, New York.
  • Schor, J. B. (2016). Debating the sharing economy. Journal of Self-Governance & Management Economics, 4(3), 7-22. doi: 10.22381/jsme4320161
  • Schor, J. B., & Attwood-Charles, W. (2017). The “sharing” economy: Labor, inequality, and social connection on for-profit platforms. Sociology Compass, 11(8), 1-16. doi: 10.1111/soc4.12493
  • Schor, J. B., & Fitzmaurice, C. J. (2015). Collaborating and connecting: The emergence of the sharing economy. İçinde, Reisch, L. A., Thogersen, J. (Eds.), Handbook on research on sustainable consumption, (pp. 410-425), Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
  • Shaheen, S. A., Mallery, M.A., & Kingsley, K. J. (2012). Personal vehicle sharing services in North America. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 3, 71-81. doi: 10.1016/j.rtbm.2012.04.005
  • Sigala, M. (2017). Collaborative commerce in tourism: Implications for research and industry. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(4), 346-355. doi: 10.1080/13683500.2014.982522
  • Soykan, F. (1999). Doğal çevre ve kırsal kültürle bütünleşen bir turizm türü: Kırsal turizm. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(1), 67-75.
  • Srnicek, N. (2017). Platform capitalism. Polity Press, Cambridge.
  • Stors, N., & Kagermeier, A. (2015). Share economy in metropolitan tourism. The role of authenticity-seeking. İçinde, Zátori, A. (Ed.), Metropolitan tourism experience development: Diversion and connectivity, (pp. 30-44), Proceedings of the RSA-Tourism Research Network Workshop, January 28-30, Budapest.
  • Sundararajan, A. (2016). The sharing economy: The end of employment and the rise of crowd-based capitalism. The MIT Press, Cambridge.
  • Taş, İ., Eylemer, S., & Şemşit, S. (2016). Kırsal turizme bütünleşik yaklaşım: Avrupa Birliği örneği. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(2), 877-904.
  • Tussyadiah, I. P., & Pesonen, J. (2015). Impacts of peer-to-peer accommodation use on travel patterns. Journal of Travel Research, 55(8), 1022-1040. doi: 10.1177/0047287515608505
  • Van der Borg, J., Camatti, N., Bertocchi, D., & Albarea, A. (2017). The rise of the sharing economy in tourism: Exploring Airbnb attributes for the Veneto Region. The Working Paper Series, Ulaşılabilir: https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/venwpaper/2017_3a05.htm Erişim tarihi, 11.08.2020.
  • Yrigoy, I. (2019). Rent gap reloaded: Airbnb and the shift from residential to touristic rental housing in the Palma Old Quarter in Mallorca, Spain. Urban Studies, 56(13), 2709-2726. doi: 10.1177/0042098018803261
  • Zwick, A. (2018). Welcome to gig economy: Neoliberal industrial relations and the case of Uber. Geojournal, 83, 619-691. doi: 10.1007/s10708-017-9793-8 7
Toplam 76 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Ersin Demir 0000-0003-3772-8567

Füsun Baykal 0000-0002-4599-4235

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Ağustos 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Demir, E., & Baykal, F. (2020). Paylaşım Ekonomisinin Kırsalda Yükselişi: Kırsal Turizm İçin Fırsatlar ve Riskler. International Journal of Contemporary Tourism Research, 4(2), 163-178. https://doi.org/10.30625/ijctr.781514