Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 93 - 97, 30.09.2021
Öz
Kaynakça
- Lievens, C., Ci, D., Bai, Y., Ma, L., Zhang, R., Chen, J.Y., and Gai, Q. 2013. A study of slow pyrolysis of one low rank coal via pyrolysis-GC/MS. Fuel Processing Technology, 116, 85-93.
- Xu, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, G., and Chen, L. 2013. Gas evolution characteristics of lignite during low-temperature pyrolysis. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 104, 625-631.
- Meng, F., Yu, J., Tahmasebi, A., Han, Y., Zhao, H., Lucas, J., and Wall, T. 2013. Characteristics of chars from low-temperature pyrolysis of lignite. Energy Fuels, 28, 275-284.
- He, Q., Wan, K., Hoadley, A., Yeasmin, H., and Miao, Z. 2015. TG-GC-MS study of volatile products from Shengli lignite pyrolysis. Fuel, 156, 121-128.
- Li, X., Xue, Y., Feng, J., Yi, Q., Li, W., Guo, X., and Liu, K. 2015. Co-pyrolysis of lignite and Shendong coal direct liquefaction residue. Fuel, 144, 342-348.
- Kanca, A., Dodd, M., Reimer, J.A., and Uner, D. 2016. Following the structure and reactivity of Tunçbilek lignite during pyrolysis and hydrogenation. Fuel Processing Technology, 152, 266-273.
- Rahman, M., Adesanwo, T., Gupta, R., and Klerk, A. 2015. Effect of direct coal liquefaction conditions on coal liquid quality. Energy and Fuels, 29, 3649-3657.
- Kural, O. Coal Resources, Properties, Utilization, Pollution, Istanbul: Ozgun Press, Turkey, 1994, 85-96.
- Ekinci, E., Yardim, F., Razvigorova, M., Minkova, V., Goranova, M., Petrov, N. and Budinova, T. 2002. Characterization of liquid products from pyrolysis of subbituminous coals. Fuel Processing Technology, 77-78, 309-315.
- Karaca, H., and Koyunuoğlu, C. 2010b. The co-liquefaction of Elbistan lignite and biomass Part II: The characterization of liquefaction products. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, 32, 1167-1175.
- Gözmen, B., Artok, L., Erbatur, G., and Erbatur, O. 2002. Direct liquefaction of high-sufur coals: effects of the catalyst, the solvent and the mineral matter. Energy and Fuels, 16, 1040-1047.
- Hesenov, A., Gül, Ö., Gafarova, P., Erbatur, O., and Schobert, H.H. 2004. Distribution of main product fractions in co-liquefaction of high-sulfur lignites blended with petroleum heavy bottoms. Prepr.Pap.-Am.Chem.Soc., Div.Fuel Chem., 49, 500-502.
- Gül, Ö., Gafarova, P., Hesenov, A., Schobert, H.H., and Erbatur, O. 2004. Catalytic direct liquefaction of high sülfür lignites: temperature and solvent effect on product distributions. Prepr.Pap.-Am.Chem.Soc., Div.Fuel Chem., 49, 559-561.
- Speight, J.G. The Chemistry and Technology of Coal (2nd Edition), New York: Marcel Dekker Inc., USA, 1994, 156-178.
- Methakhup, S., Ngamprasertsith, S., and Prasassarakich, P. 2007. Improvement of oil yield and its distribution from coal extraction using sulfide catalysts. Fuel, 86, 2485-2490.
- Karaca, H., and Koyunuoğlu, C. 2010a. Co-liquefaction of Elbistan lignite and biomass Part I: The effect of the process parameters on the conversion of liquefaction products. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, 32, 495-511.
- Wang, Z., Shui, H., Pan, C., Li, L., Ren, S., Lei, Z., Kang, S., Wei, C., and Hu, J. 2014. Structural characterization of the thermal extracts of lignite. Fuel Processing Technology, 120, 8-15.
Yıl 2021,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 93 - 97, 30.09.2021
Öz
In recent years, converting and using coal into the most suitable product according to its properties has emerged as a modern approach. Among the main processes applied to coal are low and high-temperature carbonization, gasification and liquefaction. In coal liquefaction, coal is broken down into free radicals using hydrogen donor solvent and catalyst under high temperature and pressure conditions. Later, these radicals can be used in the production of both liquid fuel and chemical raw materials by being saturated with hydrogen. This study aims to improve the yields of Sivas-Kangal lignite liquefaction products (char, preasphaltene, asphaltene, oil-gas). For this purpose, firstly raw coal, then spiral enriched clean coal liquefaction experiments were carried out. The chemical characterizations of the obtained products were determined by proximate and ultimate analysis. The composition of the oil was identified by GC-MS. As a result of the enrichment, the char yield decreased by 16.5% whereas the oil+gas yield increased by 14.64%. Total conversion increased from 31.74% to 48.24%. It has been concluded that the enrichment process has a positive effect on the liquefaction yields.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Lievens, C., Ci, D., Bai, Y., Ma, L., Zhang, R., Chen, J.Y., and Gai, Q. 2013. A study of slow pyrolysis of one low rank coal via pyrolysis-GC/MS. Fuel Processing Technology, 116, 85-93.
- Xu, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, G., and Chen, L. 2013. Gas evolution characteristics of lignite during low-temperature pyrolysis. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 104, 625-631.
- Meng, F., Yu, J., Tahmasebi, A., Han, Y., Zhao, H., Lucas, J., and Wall, T. 2013. Characteristics of chars from low-temperature pyrolysis of lignite. Energy Fuels, 28, 275-284.
- He, Q., Wan, K., Hoadley, A., Yeasmin, H., and Miao, Z. 2015. TG-GC-MS study of volatile products from Shengli lignite pyrolysis. Fuel, 156, 121-128.
- Li, X., Xue, Y., Feng, J., Yi, Q., Li, W., Guo, X., and Liu, K. 2015. Co-pyrolysis of lignite and Shendong coal direct liquefaction residue. Fuel, 144, 342-348.
- Kanca, A., Dodd, M., Reimer, J.A., and Uner, D. 2016. Following the structure and reactivity of Tunçbilek lignite during pyrolysis and hydrogenation. Fuel Processing Technology, 152, 266-273.
- Rahman, M., Adesanwo, T., Gupta, R., and Klerk, A. 2015. Effect of direct coal liquefaction conditions on coal liquid quality. Energy and Fuels, 29, 3649-3657.
- Kural, O. Coal Resources, Properties, Utilization, Pollution, Istanbul: Ozgun Press, Turkey, 1994, 85-96.
- Ekinci, E., Yardim, F., Razvigorova, M., Minkova, V., Goranova, M., Petrov, N. and Budinova, T. 2002. Characterization of liquid products from pyrolysis of subbituminous coals. Fuel Processing Technology, 77-78, 309-315.
- Karaca, H., and Koyunuoğlu, C. 2010b. The co-liquefaction of Elbistan lignite and biomass Part II: The characterization of liquefaction products. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, 32, 1167-1175.
- Gözmen, B., Artok, L., Erbatur, G., and Erbatur, O. 2002. Direct liquefaction of high-sufur coals: effects of the catalyst, the solvent and the mineral matter. Energy and Fuels, 16, 1040-1047.
- Hesenov, A., Gül, Ö., Gafarova, P., Erbatur, O., and Schobert, H.H. 2004. Distribution of main product fractions in co-liquefaction of high-sulfur lignites blended with petroleum heavy bottoms. Prepr.Pap.-Am.Chem.Soc., Div.Fuel Chem., 49, 500-502.
- Gül, Ö., Gafarova, P., Hesenov, A., Schobert, H.H., and Erbatur, O. 2004. Catalytic direct liquefaction of high sülfür lignites: temperature and solvent effect on product distributions. Prepr.Pap.-Am.Chem.Soc., Div.Fuel Chem., 49, 559-561.
- Speight, J.G. The Chemistry and Technology of Coal (2nd Edition), New York: Marcel Dekker Inc., USA, 1994, 156-178.
- Methakhup, S., Ngamprasertsith, S., and Prasassarakich, P. 2007. Improvement of oil yield and its distribution from coal extraction using sulfide catalysts. Fuel, 86, 2485-2490.
- Karaca, H., and Koyunuoğlu, C. 2010a. Co-liquefaction of Elbistan lignite and biomass Part I: The effect of the process parameters on the conversion of liquefaction products. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, 32, 495-511.
- Wang, Z., Shui, H., Pan, C., Li, L., Ren, S., Lei, Z., Kang, S., Wei, C., and Hu, J. 2014. Structural characterization of the thermal extracts of lignite. Fuel Processing Technology, 120, 8-15.
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Research Article |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Eylül 2021 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 12 Mayıs 2021 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 7 Eylül 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3 |
