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Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 49 - 57, 31.12.2023

Enver Demir İlker Örs

https://doi.org/10.31593/ijeat.1334243

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Wang, J., Jiang, J., Li, D. Meng, X., Zhan, G., Wang, Y., Zhang, A., Sun, Y., Ruan, R. and Ragauskas, A.J. 2022. Creating values from wastes: Producing biofuels from waste cooking oil via a tandem vapor-phase hydrotreating process. Applied Energy, 323(119629), 1-9.
  • Lam, S.S., Liew, R.K., Jusoh, A., Chong, C.T., Ani, F.N. and Chase, H.A. 2016. Progress in waste oil to sustainable energy, with emphasis on pyrolysis techniques. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 53,741–53.
  • Wan Mahari, W. A., Awang, S., Zahariman, N.A.Z., Peng, W., Man, M., Park, Y.K., et al. 2022. Microwave co-pyrolysis for simultaneous disposal of environmentally hazardous hospital plastic waste, lignocellulosic, and triglyceride biowaste. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 423(127096), 1-11.
  • Sarikoc, S., Ünalan, S. and Örs, İ. 2019. Experimental Study of Hydrogen Addition on Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel-Diesel-Butanol Fuel Blends in a DI Diesel Engine. BioEnergy Research, 12, 443-456.
  • Zhang, W., Ji, H., Song, Y., Ma, S., Xiong, W., Chen, C., et al. 202. Green preparation of branched biolubricant by chemically modifying waste cooking oil with lipase and ionic liquid. Journal of Cleaner Production, 274(122918=, 1-11.
  • Lam, S.S., Wan Mahari, W.A., Ok, Y.S., Peng, W., Chong, C.T., Ma, N.L., et al. 2019. Microwave vacuum pyrolysis of waste plastic and used cooking oil for simultaneous waste reduction and sustainable energy conversion: Recovery of cleaner liquid fuel and techno-economic analysis. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 115(109359), 1-13.
  • Cong. W.J., Wang, Y.T., Li, H., Fang, Z., Sun, J., Liu, H.T., et al. 2020. Direct production of biodiesel from waste oils with a strong solid base from alkalized industrial clay ash. Applied Energy, 264(114735), 1-15.
  • Attia, A.M.A. and Hassaneen, A.E. 2016. Influence of diesel fuel blended with biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil on diesel engine performance. Fuel, 167, 316-328.
  • El-Mashada, H.M., Zhanga, R., Roberto, J. and Bustillos, A.A.2008. Two-step process for biodiesel production from salmon oil. Biosystems Engineering, 99, 220–227.
  • Uzun, B.B., Kılıç, M., Özbay, N., Pütün, A.E. and Pütün, E. 2012. Biodiesel production from waste frying oils: optimization of reaction parameters and determination of fuel properties. Energy, 44, 347–351.
  • Mathiyazhagan, M. and Ganapathi, A. 2011. Factors affecting biodiesel production. Research in Plant Biology, 2011;1(2), 1–5.
  • Lapuerta, M., Herreros, J.M., Lyons, L.L., García-Contreras, G. and Briceño Y. 2008. Effect of the alcohol type used in the production of waste cooking oil biodiesel on diesel performance and emissions. Fuel, 87, 3161–3169.
  • Solmaz, H., Calam, A., Yılmaz, E., Şahin, F., Ardebili, S.M.S. and Aksoy, F. 2023. Evaluation of MWCNT as fuel additive to diesel-biodiesel blend in a direct injection diesel engine. Biofuels, 14(2), 147-156.
  • Aksoy, F., Uyumaz, A., Boz, F. and Yılmaz, E. 2017. Experimental Investigation of Neutralized Waste Cooking Oil Bio-diesel/Diesel Mixture and Diesel Fuel in a Diesel Engine at Different Engine Loads. International Journal of Automotive Science and Technology, 1(1), 7-15.
  • Uyaroğlu, A. and Çelikten, İ. 2017. Impacts of biodiesel blends with organic-based manganese additive on performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 6(4), 157-163.
  • Karagöz, M., Uysal, C., Ağbulut, Ü. And Sarıdemir, S. 2021. Exergetic and exergoeconomic analyses of a CI engine fueled with diesel-biodiesel blends containing various metal-oxide nanoparticles. Energy, 214(118830), 1-12.
  • Ors, I. 2020. Experimental investigation of the cetane improver and bioethanol addition for the use of waste cooking oil biodiesel as an alternative fuel in diesel engines. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 42(177), 1-14.
  • Erdoğan, S., Balki, M.K., Aydın, S. Sayın, C. 2019. The best fuel selection with hybrid multiple-criteria decision making approaches in a CI engine fueled with their blends and pure biodiesels produced from different sources. Renewable Energy, 134, 653-668.
  • Pali, H.S., Sharma, A., Kumar, M., Annakodi, V.A., et al. Enhancement of combustion characteristics of waste cooking oil biodiesel using TiO2 nanofluid blends through RSM. Fuel, 331(125681), 1-16.
  • Wei, L., Cheung, C.S. and Ning, Z. 2017. Influence of waste cooking oil biodiesel on combustion, unregulated gaseous emissions and particulate emissions of a direct-injection diesel engine. Fuel, 127, 175-185.
  • Rajesha, A., Gopala, K., Victorb, D.P.M., Kumarc, B.R., Sathiyagnanamd, A.P. and Damodharan, D. 2020. Effect of anisole addition to waste cooking oil methyl ester on combustion, emission and performance characteristics of a DI diesel engine without any modifications. Fuel, 278(118315), 1-10.
  • Özer, S., Akçay, M. and Vural, E. 2021. Effect of toluene addition to waste cooking oil on combustion characteristics of a CI engine. Fuel, 303(121284), 1-9.
  • Can, Ö. 2014. Combustion characteristics, performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fueled with a waste cooking oil biodiesel mixture. Energy Conversion and Management, 87, 676-686.
  • Krishania, N., Rajak, U., Chaurasiya, P.K., Singh, T.S., Birru, A.K. and Verma, T.N. 2020. Investigations of spirulina, waste cooking and animal fats blended biodiesel fuel on auto-ignition diesel engine performance, emission characteristics. Fuel, 276(118123), 1-42.
  • Hirkude, J.B. and Padalkar, A.S. 2012, Performance and emission analysis of a compression ignition engine operated on waste fried oil methyl esters. Applied Energy, 90, 68-72.
  • Gaur, R.K. and Goyal, R. 2022. A review: Effect on performance and emission characteristics of waste cooking oil Biodiesel- diesel blends on IC engine. Materials Today: Proceedings, 63, 643-646.
  • Niyas, M.M. and Shaija, A., 2022. Performance evaluation of diesel engine using biodiesels from waste coconut, sunflower, and palm cooking oils, and their hybrids. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 53(102681), 1-16.
  • De Paulo, A.A., Da Costa, R.S., Rahde, S.B. Vecchia, F.D., Seferin, M. and Dos Santos, C.A. 2016. Performance and emission evaluations in a power generator fueled with Brazilian diesel and additions of waste frying oil biodiesel. Applied Thermal Engineering, 98, 288-297.
  • Effendy, M., Surono, A., Saputra, E. and Nugraha, N.A. 2021. Performance and smoke opacity of compression-ignition engine using used-waste oil. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 26(101063), 1-7.
  • Muralidharan, K. and Vasudevan, D. 2011. Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a variable compression ratio engine using methyl esters of waste cooking oil and diesel blends. Applied Energy, 88, 3959-3968.
  • Hirkude, H. and Padalkar, A.S. 2014. Experimental investigation of the effect of compression ratio on performance and emissions of CI engine operated with waste fried oil methyl ester blend. Fuel Processing Technology, 128, 367-375.
  • Kataria, J., Mohapatra, S.K. and Kundu, K. 2019. Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using heterogeneous catalysts and its operational characteristics on variable compression ratio CI engine. Journal of the Energy Institute, 92, 275-287.
  • Pugazhvadivua, M. and Jeyachandran, K. 2005. Investigations on the performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine using preheated waste frying oil as fuel. Renewable Energy, 30, 2189-2202.
  • Hirkude, J., Belokar, V. and Randhir, J. 2018. Effect of compression ratio, injection pressure and injection timing on performance and smoke emissions of CI engine fuelled with waste fried oil methyl esters - diesel blend. Materials Today: Proceedings, 5. 1563-1570.
  • Örs, İ., Ciniviz, M., Sayın Kul, B. and Kahraman, A. 2021. The experimental investigation of effects on performance and emission parameters of diesel fuel-biofuel blends at different injection pressures in a DI diesel engine. Journal of Engineering Research, 9(4A), 39-58.
  • Di, Y., Cheung, C.S. and Huang, Z. 2009. Experimental investigation on regulated and unregulated emissions of a diesel engine fueled with ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel blended with biodiesel from waste cooking oil. Science of The Total Environment, 407(2), 835-846.
  • Gao, Y., Chen, Y., Gu, J., Xin, Z. and Sun, S. 2019. Butyl-biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: Kinetics, fuel properties and emission performance. Fuel, 236, 1489-1495.
  • Yang, H., Li, X., Mu, M., Kou, G. and Li, L. 2017. Performance and emissions analysis of a diesel engine directly fuelled with waste cooking oil biodiesel. International Journal of Ambient Energy, 38(4), 428-434.
  • Raju, P., Kumar, Masimalaia, S.K. and Ganesan, N. 2021. Extracting methyl-ester from waste cooking oil for fueling a light duty diesel engine – a dual fuel approach. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 43(12), 1429-1443.
  • Kumari, A.A., Sivaji, G., Arifa, S., Mahesh, O.S., Rao, T.R., Kalyan, S.V., Raju, V.D., Bhargava, K. and Reddy, K.L. 2022. Experimental assessment of performance, combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with lemon peel oil. International Journal of Ambient Energy, 43(1), 3857-3867.
  • Dhanasekaran, R., Ganesan, S., Kumad, B.R. and Saravanan, S. 2019. Utilization of waste cooking oil in a light-duty DI diesel engine for cleaner emissions using bio-derived propanol. Fuel, 235, 832-837.
  • Ulusoy, Y., Arslan, R., Tekin, Y., Sürmen, A., Bolat, A. and Şahin, R. 2018. Investigation of performance and emission characteristics of waste cooking oil as biodiesel in a diesel engine. Petroleum Science, 15, 396-404.
  • Srivastava, A. and Prasad, R. 2000. Triglycerides-based diesel fuels. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 4, 111-133.

Comparison of fuel properties of biodiesels produced from different waste cooking oils

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 49 - 57, 31.12.2023

Enver Demir İlker Örs

https://doi.org/10.31593/ijeat.1334243

Öz

In this study, it was investigated that the fuel properties of waste cooking oils by converting them to biodiesel and their suitability as diesel fuel according to these properties were investigated. However, differences in the separation or mixing of waste edible oils during collection are also presented. Waste cooking oils were obtained from cafeterias and dining hall kitchens in different regions of universities and serving different food product groups. Transesterification method was applied as a method of converting waste oils to biodiesel. Density, kinematic viscosity, flash point, cetane index, water content, calorific value and cold filter plugging point fuel properties of produced biodiesels were investigated. According to the results obtained, it has been revealed that the produced biodiesels comply with the standards, and because the fuel properties of the biodiesel produced from blended oils are within the standards, the waste cooking oils can be mixed during collection. Although the flow and cold flow properties and lower heating value of biodiesel produced with waste oil mixtures are disadvantageous compared to diesel fuel, the cetane index affecting combustion and the flash point value that emphasizes its safety are its important advantages. In addition, the fact that the water content of the produced fuels complies with the standards shows that the biodiesel production is successful and the results obtained can be used safely.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biodiesel Diesel engine Fuel properties Transesterification Waste cooking oil

Kaynakça

  • Wang, J., Jiang, J., Li, D. Meng, X., Zhan, G., Wang, Y., Zhang, A., Sun, Y., Ruan, R. and Ragauskas, A.J. 2022. Creating values from wastes: Producing biofuels from waste cooking oil via a tandem vapor-phase hydrotreating process. Applied Energy, 323(119629), 1-9.
  • Lam, S.S., Liew, R.K., Jusoh, A., Chong, C.T., Ani, F.N. and Chase, H.A. 2016. Progress in waste oil to sustainable energy, with emphasis on pyrolysis techniques. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 53,741–53.
  • Wan Mahari, W. A., Awang, S., Zahariman, N.A.Z., Peng, W., Man, M., Park, Y.K., et al. 2022. Microwave co-pyrolysis for simultaneous disposal of environmentally hazardous hospital plastic waste, lignocellulosic, and triglyceride biowaste. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 423(127096), 1-11.
  • Sarikoc, S., Ünalan, S. and Örs, İ. 2019. Experimental Study of Hydrogen Addition on Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel-Diesel-Butanol Fuel Blends in a DI Diesel Engine. BioEnergy Research, 12, 443-456.
  • Zhang, W., Ji, H., Song, Y., Ma, S., Xiong, W., Chen, C., et al. 202. Green preparation of branched biolubricant by chemically modifying waste cooking oil with lipase and ionic liquid. Journal of Cleaner Production, 274(122918=, 1-11.
  • Lam, S.S., Wan Mahari, W.A., Ok, Y.S., Peng, W., Chong, C.T., Ma, N.L., et al. 2019. Microwave vacuum pyrolysis of waste plastic and used cooking oil for simultaneous waste reduction and sustainable energy conversion: Recovery of cleaner liquid fuel and techno-economic analysis. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 115(109359), 1-13.
  • Cong. W.J., Wang, Y.T., Li, H., Fang, Z., Sun, J., Liu, H.T., et al. 2020. Direct production of biodiesel from waste oils with a strong solid base from alkalized industrial clay ash. Applied Energy, 264(114735), 1-15.
  • Attia, A.M.A. and Hassaneen, A.E. 2016. Influence of diesel fuel blended with biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil on diesel engine performance. Fuel, 167, 316-328.
  • El-Mashada, H.M., Zhanga, R., Roberto, J. and Bustillos, A.A.2008. Two-step process for biodiesel production from salmon oil. Biosystems Engineering, 99, 220–227.
  • Uzun, B.B., Kılıç, M., Özbay, N., Pütün, A.E. and Pütün, E. 2012. Biodiesel production from waste frying oils: optimization of reaction parameters and determination of fuel properties. Energy, 44, 347–351.
  • Mathiyazhagan, M. and Ganapathi, A. 2011. Factors affecting biodiesel production. Research in Plant Biology, 2011;1(2), 1–5.
  • Lapuerta, M., Herreros, J.M., Lyons, L.L., García-Contreras, G. and Briceño Y. 2008. Effect of the alcohol type used in the production of waste cooking oil biodiesel on diesel performance and emissions. Fuel, 87, 3161–3169.
  • Solmaz, H., Calam, A., Yılmaz, E., Şahin, F., Ardebili, S.M.S. and Aksoy, F. 2023. Evaluation of MWCNT as fuel additive to diesel-biodiesel blend in a direct injection diesel engine. Biofuels, 14(2), 147-156.
  • Aksoy, F., Uyumaz, A., Boz, F. and Yılmaz, E. 2017. Experimental Investigation of Neutralized Waste Cooking Oil Bio-diesel/Diesel Mixture and Diesel Fuel in a Diesel Engine at Different Engine Loads. International Journal of Automotive Science and Technology, 1(1), 7-15.
  • Uyaroğlu, A. and Çelikten, İ. 2017. Impacts of biodiesel blends with organic-based manganese additive on performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 6(4), 157-163.
  • Karagöz, M., Uysal, C., Ağbulut, Ü. And Sarıdemir, S. 2021. Exergetic and exergoeconomic analyses of a CI engine fueled with diesel-biodiesel blends containing various metal-oxide nanoparticles. Energy, 214(118830), 1-12.
  • Ors, I. 2020. Experimental investigation of the cetane improver and bioethanol addition for the use of waste cooking oil biodiesel as an alternative fuel in diesel engines. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 42(177), 1-14.
  • Erdoğan, S., Balki, M.K., Aydın, S. Sayın, C. 2019. The best fuel selection with hybrid multiple-criteria decision making approaches in a CI engine fueled with their blends and pure biodiesels produced from different sources. Renewable Energy, 134, 653-668.
  • Pali, H.S., Sharma, A., Kumar, M., Annakodi, V.A., et al. Enhancement of combustion characteristics of waste cooking oil biodiesel using TiO2 nanofluid blends through RSM. Fuel, 331(125681), 1-16.
  • Wei, L., Cheung, C.S. and Ning, Z. 2017. Influence of waste cooking oil biodiesel on combustion, unregulated gaseous emissions and particulate emissions of a direct-injection diesel engine. Fuel, 127, 175-185.
  • Rajesha, A., Gopala, K., Victorb, D.P.M., Kumarc, B.R., Sathiyagnanamd, A.P. and Damodharan, D. 2020. Effect of anisole addition to waste cooking oil methyl ester on combustion, emission and performance characteristics of a DI diesel engine without any modifications. Fuel, 278(118315), 1-10.
  • Özer, S., Akçay, M. and Vural, E. 2021. Effect of toluene addition to waste cooking oil on combustion characteristics of a CI engine. Fuel, 303(121284), 1-9.
  • Can, Ö. 2014. Combustion characteristics, performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fueled with a waste cooking oil biodiesel mixture. Energy Conversion and Management, 87, 676-686.
  • Krishania, N., Rajak, U., Chaurasiya, P.K., Singh, T.S., Birru, A.K. and Verma, T.N. 2020. Investigations of spirulina, waste cooking and animal fats blended biodiesel fuel on auto-ignition diesel engine performance, emission characteristics. Fuel, 276(118123), 1-42.
  • Hirkude, J.B. and Padalkar, A.S. 2012, Performance and emission analysis of a compression ignition engine operated on waste fried oil methyl esters. Applied Energy, 90, 68-72.
  • Gaur, R.K. and Goyal, R. 2022. A review: Effect on performance and emission characteristics of waste cooking oil Biodiesel- diesel blends on IC engine. Materials Today: Proceedings, 63, 643-646.
  • Niyas, M.M. and Shaija, A., 2022. Performance evaluation of diesel engine using biodiesels from waste coconut, sunflower, and palm cooking oils, and their hybrids. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 53(102681), 1-16.
  • De Paulo, A.A., Da Costa, R.S., Rahde, S.B. Vecchia, F.D., Seferin, M. and Dos Santos, C.A. 2016. Performance and emission evaluations in a power generator fueled with Brazilian diesel and additions of waste frying oil biodiesel. Applied Thermal Engineering, 98, 288-297.
  • Effendy, M., Surono, A., Saputra, E. and Nugraha, N.A. 2021. Performance and smoke opacity of compression-ignition engine using used-waste oil. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 26(101063), 1-7.
  • Muralidharan, K. and Vasudevan, D. 2011. Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a variable compression ratio engine using methyl esters of waste cooking oil and diesel blends. Applied Energy, 88, 3959-3968.
  • Hirkude, H. and Padalkar, A.S. 2014. Experimental investigation of the effect of compression ratio on performance and emissions of CI engine operated with waste fried oil methyl ester blend. Fuel Processing Technology, 128, 367-375.
  • Kataria, J., Mohapatra, S.K. and Kundu, K. 2019. Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using heterogeneous catalysts and its operational characteristics on variable compression ratio CI engine. Journal of the Energy Institute, 92, 275-287.
  • Pugazhvadivua, M. and Jeyachandran, K. 2005. Investigations on the performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine using preheated waste frying oil as fuel. Renewable Energy, 30, 2189-2202.
  • Hirkude, J., Belokar, V. and Randhir, J. 2018. Effect of compression ratio, injection pressure and injection timing on performance and smoke emissions of CI engine fuelled with waste fried oil methyl esters - diesel blend. Materials Today: Proceedings, 5. 1563-1570.
  • Örs, İ., Ciniviz, M., Sayın Kul, B. and Kahraman, A. 2021. The experimental investigation of effects on performance and emission parameters of diesel fuel-biofuel blends at different injection pressures in a DI diesel engine. Journal of Engineering Research, 9(4A), 39-58.
  • Di, Y., Cheung, C.S. and Huang, Z. 2009. Experimental investigation on regulated and unregulated emissions of a diesel engine fueled with ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel blended with biodiesel from waste cooking oil. Science of The Total Environment, 407(2), 835-846.
  • Gao, Y., Chen, Y., Gu, J., Xin, Z. and Sun, S. 2019. Butyl-biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: Kinetics, fuel properties and emission performance. Fuel, 236, 1489-1495.
  • Yang, H., Li, X., Mu, M., Kou, G. and Li, L. 2017. Performance and emissions analysis of a diesel engine directly fuelled with waste cooking oil biodiesel. International Journal of Ambient Energy, 38(4), 428-434.
  • Raju, P., Kumar, Masimalaia, S.K. and Ganesan, N. 2021. Extracting methyl-ester from waste cooking oil for fueling a light duty diesel engine – a dual fuel approach. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 43(12), 1429-1443.
  • Kumari, A.A., Sivaji, G., Arifa, S., Mahesh, O.S., Rao, T.R., Kalyan, S.V., Raju, V.D., Bhargava, K. and Reddy, K.L. 2022. Experimental assessment of performance, combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with lemon peel oil. International Journal of Ambient Energy, 43(1), 3857-3867.
  • Dhanasekaran, R., Ganesan, S., Kumad, B.R. and Saravanan, S. 2019. Utilization of waste cooking oil in a light-duty DI diesel engine for cleaner emissions using bio-derived propanol. Fuel, 235, 832-837.
  • Ulusoy, Y., Arslan, R., Tekin, Y., Sürmen, A., Bolat, A. and Şahin, R. 2018. Investigation of performance and emission characteristics of waste cooking oil as biodiesel in a diesel engine. Petroleum Science, 15, 396-404.
  • Srivastava, A. and Prasad, R. 2000. Triglycerides-based diesel fuels. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 4, 111-133.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Biyokütle Enerji Sistemleri, Enerji
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Enver Demir 0009-0006-4842-6379

İlker Örs 0000-0001-8385-9846

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Temmuz 2023
Kabul Tarihi 8 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Demir, E., & Örs, İ. (2023). Comparison of fuel properties of biodiesels produced from different waste cooking oils. International Journal of Energy Applications and Technologies, 10(2), 49-57. https://doi.org/10.31593/ijeat.1334243
AMA Demir E, Örs İ. Comparison of fuel properties of biodiesels produced from different waste cooking oils. IJEAT. Aralık 2023;10(2):49-57. doi:10.31593/ijeat.1334243
Chicago Demir, Enver, ve İlker Örs. “Comparison of Fuel Properties of Biodiesels Produced from Different Waste Cooking Oils”. International Journal of Energy Applications and Technologies 10, sy. 2 (Aralık 2023): 49-57. https://doi.org/10.31593/ijeat.1334243.
EndNote Demir E, Örs İ (01 Aralık 2023) Comparison of fuel properties of biodiesels produced from different waste cooking oils. International Journal of Energy Applications and Technologies 10 2 49–57.
IEEE E. Demir ve İ. Örs, “Comparison of fuel properties of biodiesels produced from different waste cooking oils”, IJEAT, c. 10, sy. 2, ss. 49–57, 2023, doi: 10.31593/ijeat.1334243.
ISNAD Demir, Enver - Örs, İlker. “Comparison of Fuel Properties of Biodiesels Produced from Different Waste Cooking Oils”. International Journal of Energy Applications and Technologies 10/2 (Aralık 2023), 49-57. https://doi.org/10.31593/ijeat.1334243.
JAMA Demir E, Örs İ. Comparison of fuel properties of biodiesels produced from different waste cooking oils. IJEAT. 2023;10:49–57.
MLA Demir, Enver ve İlker Örs. “Comparison of Fuel Properties of Biodiesels Produced from Different Waste Cooking Oils”. International Journal of Energy Applications and Technologies, c. 10, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 49-57, doi:10.31593/ijeat.1334243.
Vancouver Demir E, Örs İ. Comparison of fuel properties of biodiesels produced from different waste cooking oils. IJEAT. 2023;10(2):49-57.
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