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Constructing a Composite Disaster Resilience Index towards Natural Disasters in Mauritius

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 1 - 14, 30.09.2023

Henna Helvina Neerunjun

https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.1152822

Öz

Mauritius is a Small Island Developing State (SIDS) which faces regular environmental hazards due to its geographical location. Building disaster-resilient communities has become the goal of many disaster risk reduction (DRR) frameworks. This study aimed at quantifying the resilience of the population of Mauritius towards natural disasters using statistics drawn from secondary sources of data. A Composite Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI), which ranged from 0 to 100, was established. Four indicators and sixteen sub-indicators which reflected domains of resilience in terms of community capacity, economic, built-up environment and social, were used to develop the CDRI. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to map the CDRI across 144 administrative areas, which included 124 Village Council Areas (VCAs) and 20 Municipal Council Wards (MCWs), for a visual representation. Resilience indices were classified into least and most resilient. Results showed a spatial variation in resilience levels towards natural disasters across the administrative areas. Nearly fifty percent of the eleven most resilient communities were found in urban areas (MCWs). Twelve administrative areas were the least resilient towards natural disasters and emerged from rural (VCAs) and marginalised areas only. Coastal villages of Grand Sable, Quatre-Soeurs, Bambous-Virieux, Le Morne and Case Noyale formed a cluster of least resilient communities along the East coast. A t-test analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in resilience levels between urban and rural regions at p < 0.05. Results suggested that infrastructure and the social capacity building were likely to be less developed in rural areas than in urban areas. Findings also demonstrated that most VCAs and MCWs performed less well in community resilience when compared to the rest of the dimensions of resilience. Results provided evidence with potential to help decision-makers in the allocation of resources to improve resilience in Mauritius.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Natural Disasters Administrative Regions Coastal Communities Composite Disaster Resilience Index GIS Mauritius.

Teşekkür

Thanking you for your time and consideration.

Kaynakça

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  • Alshehri, S. A., Rezgui, Y., & Li, H. (2013). Public perception of the risk of disasters in a developing economy: the case of Saudi Arabia. Natural hazards, 65(3), 1813-1830. DOI: 10.1007/s11069-012-0445-5.
  • Bazrafshan, J., & Toulabi Nejad, M. (2018). Spatial analysis of differences in urban and rural areas in terms resilience against spontaneous phenomena (Case study: city Poldokhtar). Journal of Rural Research, 9(1), 116-135. DOI: 10.22059/JRUR.2018.229325.1080.
  • Becker, P., & Van Niekerk, D. (2015). Developing sustainable capacity for disaster risk reduction in southern africa. In Hazards, Risks, and Disasters in Society (pp. 63-78), Academic Press. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-396451-9.00005-6.
  • Boyd, L. A., Hayward, K. S., Ward, N. S., Stinear, C. M., Rosso, C., Fisher, R. J., & Cramer, S. C. (2017). Biomarkers of stroke recovery: consensus-based core recommendations from the stroke recovery and rehabilitation roundtable. International Journal of Stroke, 12(5), 480-493. DOI: 10.1177/1747493017714176.
  • Bruneau, M., Chang, S. E., Eguchi, R. T., Lee, G. C., O'Rourke, T. D., Reinhorn, A. M., & Von Winterfeldt, D. (2003). A framework to quantitatively assess and enhance the seismic resilience of communities. Earthquake spectra, 19(4), 733-752. DOI: 10.1193/1.1623497.
  • Burton, C.G. (2015). A validation of metrics for community resilience to natural hazards and disasters using the recovery from Hurricane Katrina as a case study. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 150(1), 67–86. DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2014.960039.
  • CADRI (Capacity for Disaster Reduction Initiative) (2020). Mauritius: Disaster Risk Management: A capacity diagnosis, 170p. Retrieved 01 July 2022 from https://www.cadri.net/system/files/2021-06/Mauritius%20Capacity%20Diagnosis%20Report%20-%202020%20-%20Final.pdf.
  • Chacowry, A. (2014). Community recovery and resilience building in the aftermath of flood hazards in the small island developing state of Mauritius (PhD thesis). University of Gloucestershire.
  • Chacowry, A., McEwen, L. J., & Lynch, K. (2018). Recovery and resilience of communities in flood risk zones in a small island developing state: A case study from a suburban settlement of Port Louis, Mauritius. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 28, 826-838. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.03.019.
  • Cutter, S.L., L. Barnes, M. Berry, C.G. Burton, E. Evans, E.C. Tate, and Webb, J. (2008). A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters. Global Environmental Change 18(4): 598–606.
  • Cutter, S. L., Burton, C. G., & Emrich, C. T. (2010). Disaster resilience indicators for benchmarking baseline conditions. Journal of homeland security and emergency management, 7(1), 1-22. DOI: 10.2202/1547-7355.1732.
  • Cutter, S. L., Ash, K. D., & Emrich, C. T. (2016). Urban–rural differences in disaster resilience. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 106(6), 1236-1252. DOI: 10.1080/24694452.2016.1194740.
  • Dodman, D., Leck, H., Rusca, M., & Colenbrander, S. (2017). African urbanisation and urbanism: Implications for risk accumulation and reduction. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 26, 7-15. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.06.029.
  • Folke, C. (2006). Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social–ecological systems analyses. Global environmental change, 16(3), 253-267. DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.04.002.
  • Fothergill, A., & Peek, L. A. (2004). Poverty and disasters in the United States: A review of recent sociological findings. Natural hazards, 32(1), 89-110. DOI: 10.1023/B: NHAZ.0000026792. 76181.d9.
  • Gray, M., & Lalljee, B. (2012). Climate change adaptation in Mauritius: considering the role of Institutions. Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, 11(1), 99-111.
  • Gunputh, R. P. (2008). Alarm bell around the cat’s neck: The Mauritius and Indian Tsunami Case Study. University of Mauritius Research Journal, 14(1), 129-140.
  • Holling, C., (1973). Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4(1), 1-23. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.000245.
  • Jang, L. J., & Wang, J. J. (2009). Disaster resilience in a Hakka community in Taiwan. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 3(2), 55-65. DOI: 10.1375/PRP.3.2.55.
  • Kafle, S. K. (2012). Measuring disaster-resilient communities: a case study of coastal communities in Indonesia. Journal of business continuity & emergency planning, 5(4), 316-326.
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  • Koliou, M., van de Lindt, J., Ellingwood, B., Dillard, M. K., Cutler, H., & McAllister, T. P. (2018). A Critical Appraisal of Community Resilience Studies: Progress and Challenges. Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure, 2378-9697. DOI: 10.1080/23789689.2017.1418547.
  • Kusumastuti, R. D., Husodo, Z. A., Suardi, L., & Danarsari, D. N. (2014). Developing a resilience index towards natural disasters in Indonesia. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 10, 327-340. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.10.007.
  • Lewis, J., & Kelman, I. (2010). Places, people and perpetuity: Community capacities in ecologies of catastrophe. ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies, 9(2), 191-220, Retrieved on 04 June 2022 from https://acme-journal.org/index.php/acme/article/view/866/722.
  • Maini, R., Clarke, L., Blanchard, K., & Murray, V. (2017). The Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction and its indicators—where does health fit in? International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 8(2), 150-155. DOI: 10.1007/s13753-017-0120-2.
  • Manyena, S. B. (2006). Rural local authorities and disaster resilience in Zimbabwe. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 15(5), 810-820. DOI: 10.1108/09653560610712757.
  • Marzi, S., Mysiak, J., Essenfelder, A. H., Amadio, M., Giove, S., & Fekete, A. (2019). Constructing a comprehensive disaster resilience index: The case of Italy. PloS one, 14(9). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221585.
  • Mavhura, E., Manyangadze, T., & Aryal, K. R. (2021). A composite inherent resilience index for Zimbabwe: An adaptation of the disaster resilience of place model. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 57. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102152.
  • Meher, M., Patra, H., & Sethy, K. (2011). Creating an empirically derived community resilience index for disaster prone area: A case study from Orissa. In Disaster, Risk and Vulnerability Conference, Mahatma Gandhi University. Meghalaya, India.
  • MENDU Report (2005). Mauritius: Staking Out the Future, A Report by Ministry of Environment and National Development Unit, Mauritius. 244p. Retrieved on 15 June 2022 from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.508.2503&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
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  • Ogugua, A. C. (2022). Community Resilience and Adaptive Capacity: An Integrative Perspective. International Journal of Community Resilience Short Communication, 2(2022). DOI: 10.51595/11111162.
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  • Pantin, D. (1994). The Economics of Sustainable Development in Small Carribbean Islands. University of the West Indies Press, Trinidad and Tobago.
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  • Rosenfeld, J. V., Fitzgerald, M., Kossmann, T., Tan, G., Gardner, M., Pearce, A., & Shapira, S. (2005). Is the Australian hospital system adequately prepared for terrorism? The Medical journal of Australia, 183(11), 567-570. DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377. 2005.tb00036. x.
  • Ruchama, E., & Ansaram, K. (2020). Assessment of Disaster Risk Reduction Practices in Mauritius. Handbook of Climate Change Management: Research, Leadership, Transformation, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22759-3_318-1.
  • Scolobig, A., Prior, T., Schröter, D., Jörin, J., & Patt, A. (2015). Towards people-centred approaches for effective disaster risk management: Balancing rhetoric with reality. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 12, 202-212. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2015.01.006.
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Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 1 - 14, 30.09.2023

Henna Helvina Neerunjun

https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.1152822

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Aksha, S. K., & Emrich, C. T. (2020). Benchmarking community disaster resilience in Nepal. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(6), 1985. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061985.
  • Aleksandrova, M. (2021). World Risk Report 2021. Retrieved on 02 June 2022 from http://repo.floodalliance.net/jspui/handle/44111/4463.
  • Alexander, D.E. (2013). Resilience and disaster risk reduction: An etymological journey. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13(11): 2707–2716. DOI: 10.5194/nhess-13-2707-2013.
  • Alshehri, S. A., Rezgui, Y., & Li, H. (2013). Public perception of the risk of disasters in a developing economy: the case of Saudi Arabia. Natural hazards, 65(3), 1813-1830. DOI: 10.1007/s11069-012-0445-5.
  • Bazrafshan, J., & Toulabi Nejad, M. (2018). Spatial analysis of differences in urban and rural areas in terms resilience against spontaneous phenomena (Case study: city Poldokhtar). Journal of Rural Research, 9(1), 116-135. DOI: 10.22059/JRUR.2018.229325.1080.
  • Becker, P., & Van Niekerk, D. (2015). Developing sustainable capacity for disaster risk reduction in southern africa. In Hazards, Risks, and Disasters in Society (pp. 63-78), Academic Press. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-396451-9.00005-6.
  • Boyd, L. A., Hayward, K. S., Ward, N. S., Stinear, C. M., Rosso, C., Fisher, R. J., & Cramer, S. C. (2017). Biomarkers of stroke recovery: consensus-based core recommendations from the stroke recovery and rehabilitation roundtable. International Journal of Stroke, 12(5), 480-493. DOI: 10.1177/1747493017714176.
  • Bruneau, M., Chang, S. E., Eguchi, R. T., Lee, G. C., O'Rourke, T. D., Reinhorn, A. M., & Von Winterfeldt, D. (2003). A framework to quantitatively assess and enhance the seismic resilience of communities. Earthquake spectra, 19(4), 733-752. DOI: 10.1193/1.1623497.
  • Burton, C.G. (2015). A validation of metrics for community resilience to natural hazards and disasters using the recovery from Hurricane Katrina as a case study. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 150(1), 67–86. DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2014.960039.
  • CADRI (Capacity for Disaster Reduction Initiative) (2020). Mauritius: Disaster Risk Management: A capacity diagnosis, 170p. Retrieved 01 July 2022 from https://www.cadri.net/system/files/2021-06/Mauritius%20Capacity%20Diagnosis%20Report%20-%202020%20-%20Final.pdf.
  • Chacowry, A. (2014). Community recovery and resilience building in the aftermath of flood hazards in the small island developing state of Mauritius (PhD thesis). University of Gloucestershire.
  • Chacowry, A., McEwen, L. J., & Lynch, K. (2018). Recovery and resilience of communities in flood risk zones in a small island developing state: A case study from a suburban settlement of Port Louis, Mauritius. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 28, 826-838. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.03.019.
  • Cutter, S.L., L. Barnes, M. Berry, C.G. Burton, E. Evans, E.C. Tate, and Webb, J. (2008). A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural disasters. Global Environmental Change 18(4): 598–606.
  • Cutter, S. L., Burton, C. G., & Emrich, C. T. (2010). Disaster resilience indicators for benchmarking baseline conditions. Journal of homeland security and emergency management, 7(1), 1-22. DOI: 10.2202/1547-7355.1732.
  • Cutter, S. L., Ash, K. D., & Emrich, C. T. (2016). Urban–rural differences in disaster resilience. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 106(6), 1236-1252. DOI: 10.1080/24694452.2016.1194740.
  • Dodman, D., Leck, H., Rusca, M., & Colenbrander, S. (2017). African urbanisation and urbanism: Implications for risk accumulation and reduction. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 26, 7-15. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.06.029.
  • Folke, C. (2006). Resilience: The emergence of a perspective for social–ecological systems analyses. Global environmental change, 16(3), 253-267. DOI: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.04.002.
  • Fothergill, A., & Peek, L. A. (2004). Poverty and disasters in the United States: A review of recent sociological findings. Natural hazards, 32(1), 89-110. DOI: 10.1023/B: NHAZ.0000026792. 76181.d9.
  • Gray, M., & Lalljee, B. (2012). Climate change adaptation in Mauritius: considering the role of Institutions. Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, 11(1), 99-111.
  • Gunputh, R. P. (2008). Alarm bell around the cat’s neck: The Mauritius and Indian Tsunami Case Study. University of Mauritius Research Journal, 14(1), 129-140.
  • Holling, C., (1973). Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4(1), 1-23. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.000245.
  • Jang, L. J., & Wang, J. J. (2009). Disaster resilience in a Hakka community in Taiwan. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 3(2), 55-65. DOI: 10.1375/PRP.3.2.55.
  • Kafle, S. K. (2012). Measuring disaster-resilient communities: a case study of coastal communities in Indonesia. Journal of business continuity & emergency planning, 5(4), 316-326.
  • Kelman and Weichselgartner (2014). Geographies of Resilience: Challenges and Opportunities of a Descriptive Concept Progress in Human Geography 39(3) 249-267. DOI: 10.1177/0309132513518834.
  • Koliou, M., van de Lindt, J., Ellingwood, B., Dillard, M. K., Cutler, H., & McAllister, T. P. (2018). A Critical Appraisal of Community Resilience Studies: Progress and Challenges. Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure, 2378-9697. DOI: 10.1080/23789689.2017.1418547.
  • Kusumastuti, R. D., Husodo, Z. A., Suardi, L., & Danarsari, D. N. (2014). Developing a resilience index towards natural disasters in Indonesia. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 10, 327-340. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2014.10.007.
  • Lewis, J., & Kelman, I. (2010). Places, people and perpetuity: Community capacities in ecologies of catastrophe. ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies, 9(2), 191-220, Retrieved on 04 June 2022 from https://acme-journal.org/index.php/acme/article/view/866/722.
  • Maini, R., Clarke, L., Blanchard, K., & Murray, V. (2017). The Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction and its indicators—where does health fit in? International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 8(2), 150-155. DOI: 10.1007/s13753-017-0120-2.
  • Manyena, S. B. (2006). Rural local authorities and disaster resilience in Zimbabwe. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 15(5), 810-820. DOI: 10.1108/09653560610712757.
  • Marzi, S., Mysiak, J., Essenfelder, A. H., Amadio, M., Giove, S., & Fekete, A. (2019). Constructing a comprehensive disaster resilience index: The case of Italy. PloS one, 14(9). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221585.
  • Mavhura, E., Manyangadze, T., & Aryal, K. R. (2021). A composite inherent resilience index for Zimbabwe: An adaptation of the disaster resilience of place model. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 57. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102152.
  • Meher, M., Patra, H., & Sethy, K. (2011). Creating an empirically derived community resilience index for disaster prone area: A case study from Orissa. In Disaster, Risk and Vulnerability Conference, Mahatma Gandhi University. Meghalaya, India.
  • MENDU Report (2005). Mauritius: Staking Out the Future, A Report by Ministry of Environment and National Development Unit, Mauritius. 244p. Retrieved on 15 June 2022 from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.508.2503&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
  • Mongush, C., Frocol, A., & Mombei-ool, S. (2020). Resilience Indicators of the Tuva Residents Living in Rural and Urban Areas. In International Scientific and Practical Conference on Education, Health and Human Wellbeing (ICEDER 2019,) (pp. 303-306). Atlantis Press. DOI: 10.2991/iceder-19.2020.64.
  • Norris, F. H., Stevens, S. P., Pfefferbaum, B., Wyche, K. F., & Pfefferbaum, R. L. (2008). Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness. American journal of community psychology, 41(1), 127-150. DOI: 10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6.
  • Ogugua, A. C. (2022). Community Resilience and Adaptive Capacity: An Integrative Perspective. International Journal of Community Resilience Short Communication, 2(2022). DOI: 10.51595/11111162.
  • Panray, K. B., Noyensing, G., & Reddi, K. M. (2017). Vulnerability assessment as a tool to build resilience among the coastal community of Mauritius. Evaluating Climate Change and Development, (pp.361-378), Routledge.
  • Pantin, D. (1994). The Economics of Sustainable Development in Small Carribbean Islands. University of the West Indies Press, Trinidad and Tobago.
  • Parsons, M., Reeve, I., McGregor, J., Hastings, P., Marshall, G. R., McNeill, J., & Glavac, S. (2021). Disaster resilience in Australia: A geographic assessment using an index of coping and adaptive capacity. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 62 (2021). DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102422.
  • Perfrement, T., & Lloyd, T. (2015). Identifying and visualising resilience to flooding via a composite flooding disaster resilience index. In Proceedings of the 56th Floodplain Management Australia National Conference, Nowra, Australia (pp. 17-20).
  • Proag, V. (2006). Water resources management in Mauritius. European Water, 15(16), 45-57.
  • Proag, V. (2016). Building resilience in the water supply network of Mauritius. Water Utility Journal, 12, 39-48.
  • Rosenfeld, J. V., Fitzgerald, M., Kossmann, T., Tan, G., Gardner, M., Pearce, A., & Shapira, S. (2005). Is the Australian hospital system adequately prepared for terrorism? The Medical journal of Australia, 183(11), 567-570. DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377. 2005.tb00036. x.
  • Ruchama, E., & Ansaram, K. (2020). Assessment of Disaster Risk Reduction Practices in Mauritius. Handbook of Climate Change Management: Research, Leadership, Transformation, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22759-3_318-1.
  • Scolobig, A., Prior, T., Schröter, D., Jörin, J., & Patt, A. (2015). Towards people-centred approaches for effective disaster risk management: Balancing rhetoric with reality. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 12, 202-212. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2015.01.006.
  • Shim, J. H., & Kim, C. I. (2015). Measuring resilience to natural hazards: towards sustainable hazard mitigation. Sustainability, 7(10), 14153-14185. DOI: 10.3390/su71014153.
  • Siebeneck, L., Arlikatti, S., & Andrew, S. A. (2015). Using provincial baseline indicators to model geographic variations of disaster resilience in Thailand. Natural Hazards, 79(2), 955-975. DOI: 10.1007/s11069-015-1886-4.
  • Statistics Mauritius (2011). Housing and Population Census, Republic of Mauritius.
  • Su, Q., Chang, H. S., & Pai, S. E. (2022). A Comparative Study of the Resilience of Urban and Rural Areas under Climate Change. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 8911. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19158911.
  • Suárez, M., Gómez-Baggethun, E., Benayas, J., & Tilbury, D. (2016). Towards an urban resilience index: a case study in 50 Spanish cities. Sustainability, 8(8), 774. DOI: 10.3390/su8080774.
  • Sung, C. H., & Liaw, S. C. (2020). A GIS-based approach for assessing social vulnerability to flood and debris flow hazards. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 46, 101531. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101531.
  • Sung, C. H., & Liaw, S. C. (2021). Using spatial pattern analysis to explore the relationship between vulnerability and resilience to natural hazards. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public health, 18(11), 5634. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115634.
  • Sungkur, R. K., & Kissoonah, A. (2019). ICT for Disaster Management and Emergency Telecoms–Preparation, Migration and Recovery for the Island of Mauritius. Strengthening Disaster Resilience in Small States: Commonwealth Perspectives, (pp. 67-85).
  • Tozier de la Poterie, A., & Baudoin, M. A. (2015). From Yokohama to Sendai: Approaches to participation in international disaster risk reduction frameworks. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 6(2), 128-139. DOI: 10.1007/s13753-015-0053-6.
  • Triyanto, D., A.D. Agustinova & Syamsi, K. (2021). Strengthening disaster literacy as an effort to reduce the risk of disaster in DI Yogyakarta Society. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 884 (1). DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/884/1/012032.
  • UN Habitat (2012b). Mauritius National Urban Profile. Nairobi, UN Habitat, Retrieved on 10 June 2022 from https://unhabitat.org/mauritius-national-urban-profile.
  • UNISDR (2012). Terminology, Retrieved on 15 June 2022 from http://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/terminology.
  • United Nations (2005). Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters, Geneva. Retrieved on 08 June 2022 from https://www.unisdr.org/files/18197_midterm.pdf.
  • Viverita, V., Kusumastuti, R. D., Husodo, Z. A., Suardi, L., & Danarsari, D. N. (2014). Households perceptions on factors affecting resilience towards natural disasters in Indonesia. The South East Asian Journal of Management, 8(1). DOI: 10.21002/seam.v8i1.3099.
  • Walshe, R. A., Adamson, G. C., & Kelman, I. (2020). Helices of disaster memory: how forgetting and remembering influence tropical cyclone response in Mauritius. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 50, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101901.
  • World Bank Annual Report (2016). Year in review. DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0852-4.
  • Zhao, L., Li, H., Sun, Y., Huang, R., Hu, Q., Wang, J., & Gao, F. (2017). Planning emergency shelters for urban disaster resilience: An integrated location-allocation modeling approach. Sustainability, 9(11), 2098. DOI: 10.3390/su9112098.
Toplam 62 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Fotogrametri ve Uzaktan Algılama
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Henna Helvina Neerunjun 0000-0001-8928-9469

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 6 Eylül 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Neerunjun, H. H. (2023). Constructing a Composite Disaster Resilience Index towards Natural Disasters in Mauritius. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 10(3), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.1152822

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