Araştırma Makalesi
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Determination of color properties of mahogany, mulberry and alder woods after exposure to various harmful organisms growing in the soil

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 345 - 351, 30.09.2023

Göksel Ulay Ümit Ayata

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1273990

Öz

Since each tree species has different structural properties, it exhibits a different resistance property against various harmful organisms that exist in the same active soil environment and develops in this environment. In this study, test specimens of mulberry, mahogany, and alder woods were placed in an active soil medium and exposed for 12 weeks. After this period was completed, the test samples were removed from the soil. It was then washed with water and dried in an oven. Then, measurements of the colour parameters were made on the experimental samples. According to the results obtained, analysis of variance results for b*, L*, C*, a*, and ho parameters were obtained as significant. In total colour difference values, the lowest ∆E*: 11.54 was obtained in alder wood, ∆E*: 18.11 in mahogany wood, and ∆E*: 19.07 in mulberry wood. It was observed that L*, a*, b* and C* values decreased after exposure to active soil for all three tree species. In the ho value, increases were observed in mahogany and alder woods, while decreases were obtained in mulberry wood. It has been observed that the soil test made caused changes in the structural properties of wood materials and their natural colour.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Wood material Colour parameters Active soil test Harmful Organisms

Kaynakça

  • Acker, J., Stevens, M., Carey, J., Siera-Alvarez, R., Militz, H., Bayon, I., Kleist, G. & Peek, R. (2003). Biological durability of wood in relation to end-use. Holz als Roh-Und Werkstoff, 61, 35- 45. DOI: 10.1007/s00107-002-0351-8
  • Arumugam, S., Thandavarayan, R.A., Veeraveedu, P.T., Ma, M., Giridharan, V.V., Arozal, W., Sari, F.R., Sukumaran, V., Lakshmanan, A., Soetikno, V., Suzuki, K., Kodama, M. & Watanabe, K. (2012). Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis by mulberry leaf diet in experimental autoimmune myocarditis rats. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 50(2), 139-144. DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-44
  • ASTM D 2244-3. (2007). Standard practice for calculation or color tolerances and color, differences from instrumentally measured color coordinates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
  • Ayata, Ü., Çavuş, V., Bal, B.C. & Efe, F.T. (2018). Dut, doğu çınarı, kızılçam ve sedir ağaç türlerinde janka sertlik değerinin belirlenmesi, 2. Uluslararası Bilimsel Çalışmalarda Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Sempozyumu, 30 Kasım - 2 Aralık, Samsun, Türkiye, 1490-1494.
  • Ayata, Ü. & Bal, B.C. (2019). Mikrobiyolojik olarak aktif olan toprağa maruz kalmış Toros sediri (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) odununda ısıl işlemin etkisi, Avrasya 4. Uluslararası Uygulamalı Bilimler Kongresi, 27-29 Eylül, Kiev, Ukrayna, 13-18.
  • Ayata, Ü. & Can, A. (2023). Karakavak, wenge ve manolya odunlarında renk özellikleri üzerine aktif toprakta oluşan zararlı organizmalara karşı maruz kalmanın etkileri, Afrika 1. Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Kongresi, 12-15 Ocak 2023, Kahire, 50-60.
  • Bal, B.C., Ayata, Ü., Çavuş, V. & Efe, F.T. (2018). Ceviz, maun, kestane ve ıhlamur odunlarında vida tutma kapasitesinin belirlenmesi, 5. Uluslararası Multidisipliner Çalışmaları Kongresi, 02-03 Kasım, Antalya, Türkiye, 1(1), 383-396.
  • Barański, J., Klement, I., Vilkovská, T. & Konopka, A. (2017). High temperature drying process of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) with different zones of sapwood and red false heartwood. BioResources, 12(1), 1861-1870. DOI: 10.15376/biores.12.1.1861-1870
  • Blom, A. & Bergström, M. (2005). Mycologg: a new accelerated test method for wood durability above ground. Wood Science and Technology, 39, 663- 673. DOI: 10.1007/s00226-005-0003-3
  • Brischke, C., Behnen, C.J., Lenz, M.T., Brandt, K. & Melcher, E. (2012). Durability of oak timber bridges - Impact of inherent wood resistance and environmental conditions. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 75, 115-123. DO: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2012.09.010
  • Brischke, C., Meyer, L. & Olberding, S. (2014). Durability of wood exposed in ground – Comparative field trials with different soil substrates. International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation, 86, Part B, 108-114. DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.06.022
  • Brischke, C., Welzbacher, C.R., Rapp, A.O., Augusta, U. & Brandt, K. (2009). Comparative studies on the in-ground and above-ground durability of European oak heartwood (Quercus petraea Liebl. and Quercus robur L.). European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 67, 329-338. DOI: 10.1007/s00107-009-0329-x
  • Calonego, F., Severo, E. & Furtado, E. (2010). Decay resistance of thermally modified eucaliptus grandis wood at 140°C, 160°C, 200°C and 220°C. Bioresource Technology, 101(23), 9391-9394. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.119
  • Candelier, K., Hannouz, S., Thévenon, M.F., Guibal, D., Gérardin, P., Pétrissans, M. & Collet, R. (2017). Resistance of thermally modified ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) wood under steam pressure against rot fungi, soil-inhabiting microorganisms and termites. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 75, 249-262. DOI: 10.1007/s00107-016-1126-y
  • Cavus, V., Sahin, S., Esteves, B. & Ayata, U. (2019). Determination of thermal conductivity properties in some wood species obtained from Turkey. Bioresources, 14(3), 6709-6715. DOI: 10.15376/biores.14.3.6709-6715
  • Fu, Z., Zhou, Y., Gao, X., Liu, H., & Zhou, F. (2019). Changes of water related properties in radiata pine wood due to heat treatment. Construction and Building Materials, 227, 116692. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116692
  • Gennari, E., Picchio, R. & Lo Monaco, A. (2021). Industrial heat treatment of wood: study of induced effects on ayous wood (Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum). Forests, 12(6), 730. DOI: 10.3390/f12060730
  • Gürleyen, L., Ulay, G. & Ayata, Ü. (2023). Toprak testine maruz kalmış bazı ahşap türlerinde renk parametrelerinin tespit edilmesi. Ziraat & Orman, Su Ürünlerinde Güncel Araştırmalar (53-64s), Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı.
  • Jalas, J. & Suominen, J. (1976). Atlas Florae Europaeae; 3: Salicaceae to Balanosphoraceae, Helsinki, Finlandpg, 59.
  • Kajba, D. & Gracan, J. (2003). EUFORGEN Technical Guidelines for genetic conservation and use for black alder (Alnus glutinosa), Rome, Italy International Plant Genetic Resources Institutepg. 6.
  • Li, T., Cheng, D., Avramidis, S., Wålinder, M.E.P. & Zhou, D. (2017). Response of hygroscopicity to heat treatment and its relation to durability of thermally modified wood. Construction and Building Materials, 144, 671-676. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.218.
  • Machek, L., Edlund, M.L., Sierra-Alvarez, R. & Militz, H. (2004). A non-destructive approach for assessing decay in preservative treated wood. Wood Science and Technology, 37, 411-417. DOI: 10.1007/s00226-002-0161-5
  • Marais, B.N., Brischke, C. & Militz, H. (2022). Wood durability in terrestrial and aquatic environments - A review of biotic and abiotic influence factors. Wood Material Science & Engineering, 17(2), 82- 105. DOI: 10.1080/17480272.2020.1779810
  • Medeiros Neto, P.N., Paes, J.B., Oliveira, J.T.S., Silva, J.G.M., Coelho, J.C.F. & Ribeiro, L.S. (2020). Durability of Eucalypts wood in soil bed and field decay tests. Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, 22(4), 447-456. DOI: 10.4067/S0718- 221X2020005000403
  • Meusel, H., Jager, E. & Weinert, E. (1965). Vergleichende Chorologie der Zentraleuropaïschen Flora, Jean, Gustav Fisher Verlag, 120 pp.
  • Mohebby, B. & Saei, A.M. (2015). Effects of geographical directions and climatological parameters on natural weathering of fir wood. Construction and Building Materials, 94, 684- 690. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.049
  • Mulholland, D.A., Parel, B. & Coombes, P.H. (2000). The chemistry of the Meliaceae and Ptaeroxylaceae of southern and eastern africa and madagascar. Current Organic Chemistry, 4(10), 1011-1054. DOI: 10.2174/1385272003375941
  • Papadopoulos, A.N., Militz, H. & Pfeffer, A. (2010). The biological behaviours of pine wood modified with linear chain carboxylic acid anhydrides against soft rot fungi. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 64(5), 409-412. DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2010.04.002
  • Rayner, A.D.M. & Boddy, L. (1988) Fungal Decomposition of Wood: Its Biology and Ecology. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, USA. Schwarze, F.W.M.R. (2007). Wood decay under the microscope. Fungal Biology Reviews, 21(4), 133- 170. DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2007.09.001 Srivastava, S., Kapoor, R., Thathola, A. & Srivastava, R.P. (2003). Mulberry (Morus alba) leaves as human food: a new dimension of sericulture. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 54(6), 411-416. DOI: 10.1080/09637480310001622288
  • Stephan, I., Göller, S. & Rudolph, D. (2000). Improvements of monitoring the effects of soil organisms on wood in ground contact. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, 58, 115-119.
  • Talaei, A., Karimi, A.N. & Thévenon, M.F. (2013). Influence of heat treatment medium on fungal resistance of beech wood. Document No. IRG/WP 13-40643. The International Research Group on Wood Protection, Stockholm, Sweden
  • TS ENV 807. (2006). Ahşap koruyucular - yumuşak çürüklük yapan mikro mantarlara ve toprakta gelişen diğer zararlı mikro organizmalara karşı etkinliğinin tayini, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • TS ISO 3129. (2021). Odun - küçük kusursuz odun numunelerinin mekanik ve fiziksel muayenesi için genel gerekler ve numune alma yöntemleri, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Türk, M. & Ayata, Ü. (2021). Türkiye’de yetişen bazı ağaç türlerine ait odunlarda shore D sertlik değerleri üzerine ısıl işlemin etkisi. Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(2), 166- 173. DOI: 10.33725/mamad.1005127
  • Ulay, G. (2020). The Problems of Furniture Sector and Suggestions for Solutions (A Case Study of Van). J. Anatolian Env. and Anim. Sciences, 5(5), 849- 857.
  • Vivian, M.A., Grosskopf, É.J., Nunes, G.C., Itako, A.T. & Modes, K.S. (2020). Qualidade e eficiência de produtos naturais no tratamento preservativo das madeiras de Araucaria angustifolia, Eucalyptus viminalis e Pinus taeda. Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias, 19(1), 35-47. DOI: 10.5965/223811711912020035
  • Wang, Q.A., Zhou, B. & Shan, Y. (2004). Progress on antioxidant activation and extracting technology of flavonoids. Chemical Products and Technology, 11, 29-33.

Maun, dut ve kızılağaç odunlarının toprakta gelişen çeşitli zararlı organizmalara karşı maruz kalması sonrasında meydana gelen renk özelliklerinin belirlenmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 345 - 351, 30.09.2023

Göksel Ulay Ümit Ayata

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1273990

Öz

Her ağaç türü farklı yapısal özelliklere sahip olduğundan dolayı, aynı aktif toprak ortamında bulunan ve bu ortamda gelişen çeşitli zararlı organizmalara karşı farklı bir direnç özelliği sergilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, dut, maun ve kızılağaç odunlarına ait olan deney örnekleri aktif olarak bulunan bir toprak ortamına yerleştirilmiş olunup, 12 hafta süreyle toprağa maruz bırakılmıştır. Belirtilen bu süre tamamlandıktan sonra, deney örnekler topraktan çıkarılmıştır. Daha sonra numuneler suyla yıkanmış olunup, devamında bir fırında kurutma işlemine tabi tutulmuştur. Daha sonra deney örnekleri üzerinde renk parametrelerine ait olan ölçümler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, b*, L*, C*, a* ve ho parametreleri için varyans analizi sonuçları anlamlı olarak elde edilmiştir. Toplam renk farkı değerlerinde ise en düşük kızılağaçta ∆E*: 11.54 olarak elde edilirken, maun odununda ∆E*: 18.11 ve dut ahşabında ∆E*: 19.07 olarak bulunmuştur. Her üç ağaç türü için aktif toprağa maruz kalması sonrasında L*, a*, b* ve C* değerlerinin azaldığı görülmüştür. h açısı değerinde ise maun ve kızılağaç odunlarında artışlar görülmüş, dut odununda ise azalmalar elde edilmiştir. Yapılan toprak testinin ahşap malzemelerin yapısal özellikleri ile sahip oldukları doğal renginde değişikliklere sebep olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ahşap malzeme Renk parametreleri Aktif toprak testi Zararlı Organizmalar

Kaynakça

  • Acker, J., Stevens, M., Carey, J., Siera-Alvarez, R., Militz, H., Bayon, I., Kleist, G. & Peek, R. (2003). Biological durability of wood in relation to end-use. Holz als Roh-Und Werkstoff, 61, 35- 45. DOI: 10.1007/s00107-002-0351-8
  • Arumugam, S., Thandavarayan, R.A., Veeraveedu, P.T., Ma, M., Giridharan, V.V., Arozal, W., Sari, F.R., Sukumaran, V., Lakshmanan, A., Soetikno, V., Suzuki, K., Kodama, M. & Watanabe, K. (2012). Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis by mulberry leaf diet in experimental autoimmune myocarditis rats. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 50(2), 139-144. DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-44
  • ASTM D 2244-3. (2007). Standard practice for calculation or color tolerances and color, differences from instrumentally measured color coordinates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
  • Ayata, Ü., Çavuş, V., Bal, B.C. & Efe, F.T. (2018). Dut, doğu çınarı, kızılçam ve sedir ağaç türlerinde janka sertlik değerinin belirlenmesi, 2. Uluslararası Bilimsel Çalışmalarda Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Sempozyumu, 30 Kasım - 2 Aralık, Samsun, Türkiye, 1490-1494.
  • Ayata, Ü. & Bal, B.C. (2019). Mikrobiyolojik olarak aktif olan toprağa maruz kalmış Toros sediri (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) odununda ısıl işlemin etkisi, Avrasya 4. Uluslararası Uygulamalı Bilimler Kongresi, 27-29 Eylül, Kiev, Ukrayna, 13-18.
  • Ayata, Ü. & Can, A. (2023). Karakavak, wenge ve manolya odunlarında renk özellikleri üzerine aktif toprakta oluşan zararlı organizmalara karşı maruz kalmanın etkileri, Afrika 1. Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Kongresi, 12-15 Ocak 2023, Kahire, 50-60.
  • Bal, B.C., Ayata, Ü., Çavuş, V. & Efe, F.T. (2018). Ceviz, maun, kestane ve ıhlamur odunlarında vida tutma kapasitesinin belirlenmesi, 5. Uluslararası Multidisipliner Çalışmaları Kongresi, 02-03 Kasım, Antalya, Türkiye, 1(1), 383-396.
  • Barański, J., Klement, I., Vilkovská, T. & Konopka, A. (2017). High temperature drying process of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) with different zones of sapwood and red false heartwood. BioResources, 12(1), 1861-1870. DOI: 10.15376/biores.12.1.1861-1870
  • Blom, A. & Bergström, M. (2005). Mycologg: a new accelerated test method for wood durability above ground. Wood Science and Technology, 39, 663- 673. DOI: 10.1007/s00226-005-0003-3
  • Brischke, C., Behnen, C.J., Lenz, M.T., Brandt, K. & Melcher, E. (2012). Durability of oak timber bridges - Impact of inherent wood resistance and environmental conditions. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 75, 115-123. DO: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2012.09.010
  • Brischke, C., Meyer, L. & Olberding, S. (2014). Durability of wood exposed in ground – Comparative field trials with different soil substrates. International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation, 86, Part B, 108-114. DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.06.022
  • Brischke, C., Welzbacher, C.R., Rapp, A.O., Augusta, U. & Brandt, K. (2009). Comparative studies on the in-ground and above-ground durability of European oak heartwood (Quercus petraea Liebl. and Quercus robur L.). European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 67, 329-338. DOI: 10.1007/s00107-009-0329-x
  • Calonego, F., Severo, E. & Furtado, E. (2010). Decay resistance of thermally modified eucaliptus grandis wood at 140°C, 160°C, 200°C and 220°C. Bioresource Technology, 101(23), 9391-9394. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.119
  • Candelier, K., Hannouz, S., Thévenon, M.F., Guibal, D., Gérardin, P., Pétrissans, M. & Collet, R. (2017). Resistance of thermally modified ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) wood under steam pressure against rot fungi, soil-inhabiting microorganisms and termites. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 75, 249-262. DOI: 10.1007/s00107-016-1126-y
  • Cavus, V., Sahin, S., Esteves, B. & Ayata, U. (2019). Determination of thermal conductivity properties in some wood species obtained from Turkey. Bioresources, 14(3), 6709-6715. DOI: 10.15376/biores.14.3.6709-6715
  • Fu, Z., Zhou, Y., Gao, X., Liu, H., & Zhou, F. (2019). Changes of water related properties in radiata pine wood due to heat treatment. Construction and Building Materials, 227, 116692. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.116692
  • Gennari, E., Picchio, R. & Lo Monaco, A. (2021). Industrial heat treatment of wood: study of induced effects on ayous wood (Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum). Forests, 12(6), 730. DOI: 10.3390/f12060730
  • Gürleyen, L., Ulay, G. & Ayata, Ü. (2023). Toprak testine maruz kalmış bazı ahşap türlerinde renk parametrelerinin tespit edilmesi. Ziraat & Orman, Su Ürünlerinde Güncel Araştırmalar (53-64s), Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı.
  • Jalas, J. & Suominen, J. (1976). Atlas Florae Europaeae; 3: Salicaceae to Balanosphoraceae, Helsinki, Finlandpg, 59.
  • Kajba, D. & Gracan, J. (2003). EUFORGEN Technical Guidelines for genetic conservation and use for black alder (Alnus glutinosa), Rome, Italy International Plant Genetic Resources Institutepg. 6.
  • Li, T., Cheng, D., Avramidis, S., Wålinder, M.E.P. & Zhou, D. (2017). Response of hygroscopicity to heat treatment and its relation to durability of thermally modified wood. Construction and Building Materials, 144, 671-676. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.218.
  • Machek, L., Edlund, M.L., Sierra-Alvarez, R. & Militz, H. (2004). A non-destructive approach for assessing decay in preservative treated wood. Wood Science and Technology, 37, 411-417. DOI: 10.1007/s00226-002-0161-5
  • Marais, B.N., Brischke, C. & Militz, H. (2022). Wood durability in terrestrial and aquatic environments - A review of biotic and abiotic influence factors. Wood Material Science & Engineering, 17(2), 82- 105. DOI: 10.1080/17480272.2020.1779810
  • Medeiros Neto, P.N., Paes, J.B., Oliveira, J.T.S., Silva, J.G.M., Coelho, J.C.F. & Ribeiro, L.S. (2020). Durability of Eucalypts wood in soil bed and field decay tests. Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, 22(4), 447-456. DOI: 10.4067/S0718- 221X2020005000403
  • Meusel, H., Jager, E. & Weinert, E. (1965). Vergleichende Chorologie der Zentraleuropaïschen Flora, Jean, Gustav Fisher Verlag, 120 pp.
  • Mohebby, B. & Saei, A.M. (2015). Effects of geographical directions and climatological parameters on natural weathering of fir wood. Construction and Building Materials, 94, 684- 690. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.049
  • Mulholland, D.A., Parel, B. & Coombes, P.H. (2000). The chemistry of the Meliaceae and Ptaeroxylaceae of southern and eastern africa and madagascar. Current Organic Chemistry, 4(10), 1011-1054. DOI: 10.2174/1385272003375941
  • Papadopoulos, A.N., Militz, H. & Pfeffer, A. (2010). The biological behaviours of pine wood modified with linear chain carboxylic acid anhydrides against soft rot fungi. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 64(5), 409-412. DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2010.04.002
  • Rayner, A.D.M. & Boddy, L. (1988) Fungal Decomposition of Wood: Its Biology and Ecology. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, USA. Schwarze, F.W.M.R. (2007). Wood decay under the microscope. Fungal Biology Reviews, 21(4), 133- 170. DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2007.09.001 Srivastava, S., Kapoor, R., Thathola, A. & Srivastava, R.P. (2003). Mulberry (Morus alba) leaves as human food: a new dimension of sericulture. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 54(6), 411-416. DOI: 10.1080/09637480310001622288
  • Stephan, I., Göller, S. & Rudolph, D. (2000). Improvements of monitoring the effects of soil organisms on wood in ground contact. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, 58, 115-119.
  • Talaei, A., Karimi, A.N. & Thévenon, M.F. (2013). Influence of heat treatment medium on fungal resistance of beech wood. Document No. IRG/WP 13-40643. The International Research Group on Wood Protection, Stockholm, Sweden
  • TS ENV 807. (2006). Ahşap koruyucular - yumuşak çürüklük yapan mikro mantarlara ve toprakta gelişen diğer zararlı mikro organizmalara karşı etkinliğinin tayini, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • TS ISO 3129. (2021). Odun - küçük kusursuz odun numunelerinin mekanik ve fiziksel muayenesi için genel gerekler ve numune alma yöntemleri, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Türk, M. & Ayata, Ü. (2021). Türkiye’de yetişen bazı ağaç türlerine ait odunlarda shore D sertlik değerleri üzerine ısıl işlemin etkisi. Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(2), 166- 173. DOI: 10.33725/mamad.1005127
  • Ulay, G. (2020). The Problems of Furniture Sector and Suggestions for Solutions (A Case Study of Van). J. Anatolian Env. and Anim. Sciences, 5(5), 849- 857.
  • Vivian, M.A., Grosskopf, É.J., Nunes, G.C., Itako, A.T. & Modes, K.S. (2020). Qualidade e eficiência de produtos naturais no tratamento preservativo das madeiras de Araucaria angustifolia, Eucalyptus viminalis e Pinus taeda. Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias, 19(1), 35-47. DOI: 10.5965/223811711912020035
  • Wang, Q.A., Zhou, B. & Shan, Y. (2004). Progress on antioxidant activation and extracting technology of flavonoids. Chemical Products and Technology, 11, 29-33.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Odun Koruma Teknolojisi, Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Göksel Ulay 0000-0003-4080-8816

Ümit Ayata 0000-0002-6787-7822

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 15 Eylül 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 31 Mart 2023
Kabul Tarihi 21 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Ulay, G., & Ayata, Ü. (2023). Maun, dut ve kızılağaç odunlarının toprakta gelişen çeşitli zararlı organizmalara karşı maruz kalması sonrasında meydana gelen renk özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 8(3), 345-351. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1273990
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