Araştırma Makalesi
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Orman Yangınlarının Toprak kaybı üzerindeki etkisinin RUSLE ve Yeni Bir Yaklaşım Kullanılarak Belirlenmesi: Çınarpınar Orman İşletme Şefliği Örneği/Türkiye

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 435 - 448, 30.09.2023

Hurem Dutal

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1300671

Öz

Su erozyonu dünya genelinde çevresel, ekonomik ve sosyolojik bir sorundur. Günümüzde orman yangınları, özellikle Akdeniz havzasında, su erozyonunun daha fazla oluşmasını tetiklemektedir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma Türkiye'de Çınarpınar Orman İşletmesi'nde orman yangınlarının toprak kaybı duyarlılığı üzerindeki etkisini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Toprak kaybını belirlemek için RUSLE modeli kullanılmıştır. Mevcut durum (ana senaryo) ve orman yangını senaryosu için iki toprak kaybı haritası oluşturulmuştur. Orman yangını senaryosu için, RUSLE modelindeki R, K ve LS faktörleri yangın şiddet indeksine bağlı olarak değiştirilmiştir. Son olarak, ana ve orman yangını senaryolarını temsil eden iki harita karşılaştırılmıştır. Çınarpınar Orman İşletmesi'nde mevcut ortalama toprak kaybı 5,34 t ha-1 yıl-1 olarak bulunurken, orman yangını senaryosu için ortalama toprak kaybı 12,44 t ha-1 yıl-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma alanında orman yangınlarının toprak kaybını 2 kattan fazla artırabileceği tespit edilmiştir. Orman yangınlarına karşı çok düşük toprak kaybı duyarlılığına sahip alanlar verimli ormanların %41,97'sini oluştururken, çok yüksek, yüksek, orta ve düşük toprak kaybı duyarlılığına sahip alanlar verimli ormanların sırasıyla %3,64, %9,28, %27,50 ve %17,61'ini oluşturmaktadır. Doğal koşullar altında yangın şiddeti ile toprak kaybı duyarlılığı arasında her zaman doğrusal bir ilişki olmadığı da ortaya konulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmanın hem orman yangını hem de toprak kaybı risklerini azaltmayı amaçlayan çok amaçlı yaklaşımın uygulanmasında karar vericilere yardımcı olacağı ümit edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akdeniz havzası Orman yangını şiddeti RUSLE Toprak erozyonu

Kaynakça

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Determining the Effect of Forest Fires on Soil Loss Using RUSLE and a New Approach: The Case of Çınarpınar Forestry Enterprise/Türkiye

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 435 - 448, 30.09.2023

Hurem Dutal

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1300671

Öz

Soil erosion by water (WSE) is an environmental, economic, and sociological problem in the world. Nowadays, forest fires have triggered more WSE, especially in the Mediterranean basin. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the effect of forest fires on soil loss susceptibility in the Çınarpınar Forestry Enterprise, Turkey. The RUSLE model was used to determine soil loss. Two soil loss maps were generated for the actual situation (base scenario) and forest fire scenario. For the forest fire scenario, R, K, and LS factors in the RUSLE model were modified based on the forest fire severity index. Finally, two maps representing base and forest fire scenarios were compared. The actual mean soil loss was found as 5.34 t ha-1 year-1 in the Çınarpınar Forestry Enterprise while the mean soil loss was determined as 12.44 t ha-1 year-1 for the forest fire scenario. It was found that forest fires would increase soil loss by more than 2 times in the study area. Areas with very low soil loss susceptibility to forest fires constitute 41.97% of productive forests, while areas with very high, high, medium, and low soil loss susceptibility constitute 3.64%, 9.28%, 27.50%, and 17.61% of productive forests, respectively. It was also revealed that there is not always a linear relationship between fire severity and soil loss susceptibility under natural conditions. Consequently, it is hoped that this study will help decision-makers in the implementation of the multi-purpose approach, which aims to reduce the risk of both forest fire and soil loss.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Forest fire severity Mediterranean basin RUSLE Soil erosion

Kaynakça

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  • Stoof, C.R., Wesseling, J.G. & Ritsema, C.J. (2010). Effects of fire and ash on soil water retention. Geoderma, 159, 276-285.
  • Sugihara, N.S., van Wagtendonk, J.W., Shaffer, K.E., Fites-Kaufman, J. & Thode, A.E. (2006). Fire in California’s ecosystems. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, USA.
  • Šúri, M., Cebecauer, T., Hofierka, J. & Fulajtár, E. (2002). Soil erosion assessment of Slovakia at a regional scale using GIS. Ekológia (Bratislava), 21, 404-422.
  • Swarnkar, S., Malini, A., Tripathi, S. & Sinha, R. (2018). Assessment of uncertainties in soil erosion and sediment yield estimates at ungauged basins: an application to the Garra River basin, India. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2471-2485, DOI: 10.5194/hess22-2471-2018
  • Tanyaş, H., Kolat, C. & Süzen, M.L. (2015). A new approach to estimate cover-management factor of RUSLE and validation of RUSLE model in the watershed of Kartalkaya Dam. J. Hydro., 528, 584- 598.
  • Terranova, O., Antronico, L., Coscarelli, R. & Iaquinta, P. (2009). Soil erosion risk scenarios in the Mediterranean environment using RUSLE and GIS: an application model for Calabria (southern Italy). Geomorphology, 112, 228-245. DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.06.009
  • Thapa, P. (2020). Spatial estimation of soil erosion using RUSLE modeling: a case study of Dolakha district, Nepal. Environ. Syst. Res., 9, 15. DOI: 10.1186/s40068-020-00177-2
  • TRGM. (2021). Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Tarım Reformu Genel Müdürlüğü. https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TRGM
  • Tselka, I., Krassakis, P., Rentzelos, A., Koukouzas, N. & Parcharidis, I. (2021). Assessing Post-Fire Effects on Soil Loss Combining Burn Severity and Advanced Erosion Modeling in Malesina, Central Greece. Remote Sens., 13, 5160. DOI: 10.3390/rs13245160
  • Tüfekçioğlu, M. & Yavuz, M. (2016). Yusufeli mikro havzasında (Artvin) yüzey erozyonu toprak kaybının tahmin edilmesi ve erozyon risk haritasının oluşturulması. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(2), 188-199. DOI: 10.17474/acuofd.47342
  • Valkanou, K., Karymbalis, E., Bathrellos, G., Skilodimou, H., Tsanakas, K., Papanastassiou, D. & Gaki-Papanastassiou, K. (2022). Soil Loss Potential Assessment for Natural and Post-Fire Conditions in Evia Island, Greece. Geosciences, 12, 367. DOI: 10.3390/geosciences12100367
  • Vijith, H., Seling, L.W. & Dodge-Wan, D. (2018). Estimation of soil loss and identification of erosion risk zones in a forested region in Sarawak, Malaysia, Northern Borneo. Environ. Dev. Sustain., 20, 1365-1384. DOI: 10.1007/s10668-017-9946-4
  • Weninger, T., Filipović, V., Mešić, M., Clothier, B. & Filipović, L. (2019). Estimating the extent of fire induced soil water repellency in Mediterranean environment. Geoderma, 338, 187-196. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.12.008
  • Wischmeier, W.H. & Smith, D.D. (1978). Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses, a Guide to Conservation Planning; Agriculture Handbook No. 537; US Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration: Washington, DC, USA.
  • Wittenberg, L., van der Wal, H., Keesstra, S. & Tessler, N. (2020). Post-fire management treatment effects on soil properties and burned are restoration in a wildland-urban interface, Haifa fire case study. Science of the Total Environment, 716, 135190. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135190
  • Yazıcı, N., Babalık, A.A. & Dursun, İ. (2018). Bazı tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerin erozyon kontrolünde kullanımı. V. Uluslararası Multidisipliner Çalışmaları Kongresi, Kasım 2-3, Antalya, 417- 424.
  • Yuksek, F. & Yuksek, T. (2015). Growth performance of Sainfoin and its effects on the runoff, soil loss and sediment concentration in a semi-arid region of Türkiye. Catena, 133, 309-317. DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2015.05.018
  • Yuksel, A., Gundogan, R. & Akay, A.E. (2008). Using the Remote Sensing and GIS Technology for Erosion Risk Mapping of Kartalkaya Dam Watershed in Kahramanmaras, Türkiye. Sensors, 8, 4851-4865. DOI: 10.3390/s8084851
  • Yüksek, T., Özçelik, A.E. & Verep, B. (2020). Determination of Some Basin Characteristics and Distribution of Lands According to Physiographic Features of Fırtına River Basin Using Geographical Information Systems. J. Anatolian Env. and Anim. Sciences, 5(3), 439-449.
  • Yüksek, T. (2009). Effects of land use management on surface soil properties, erosion indices and green tea yield in humid Blacksea region. Fresenius Envir. Bull., 18(5b), 848-857.
  • Zald, H.S.J. & Dunn, C.J. (2018). Severe fire weather and intensive forest management increase fire severity in a multi-ownership landscape. Ecol Appl., Jun; 28(4), 1068-1080. DOI: 10.1002/eap.1710. Epub 2018 Apr 26. PMID: 29698575.
Toplam 104 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hurem Dutal 0000-0002-0944-6872

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 15 Eylül 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Mayıs 2023
Kabul Tarihi 6 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Dutal, H. (2023). Determining the Effect of Forest Fires on Soil Loss Using RUSLE and a New Approach: The Case of Çınarpınar Forestry Enterprise/Türkiye. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 8(3), 435-448. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1300671
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