Öz
Rail systems are accepted as promising solutions to transportation problems in metropolitan cities. However, trams, one of the most common vehicles availed of, have a power consumption that can not be underestimated. In addition, since the power consumption of these vehicles varies due to various factors such as the number of trams and the number of passengers, it may not be very easy to ensure the economical operation of the rail system and to operate the power system in a reliable manner. In this context, this study presents an optimum energy management model of a tram, which is integrated with a photovoltaic (PV) system on its roof and also integrated with a hydrogen energy system consisting of an electrolyzer, hydrogen tank, compressor, and fuel cell. In the study, energy is assumed to be purchased from the power grid with a dynamic pricing scheme for the tram and hydrogen energy system. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, the power profile obtained by considering an operated tram line is used in various case studies carried out. According to the results obtained from the case studies, the proposed structure can significantly reduce the total electricity purchase cost. It is seen that, in order, the dynamic pricing scheme, PV system, and hydrogen energy system are effective in reducing costs. While the dynamic pricing scheme provides an improvement of approximately 13% in the cost of purchasing electricity, the total cost can be reduced by approximately 3% with the PV system placed on the tram.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Fuel Cell Hydrogen Energy System Optimal Energy Management Railway Systems
Destekleyen Kurum
Science Foundation Ireland
Proje Numarası
12/RC/2302_P2
Kaynakça
- Arévalo, P., Cano, A., Jurado, F. (2020). Comparative study of two new energy control systems based on PEMFC for a hybrid tramway in Ecuador. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45(46), 25357-25377.
- Cano, A., Arévalo, P., Benavides, D., Jurado, F. (2021). Sustainable tramway, techno-economic analysis and environmental effects in an urban public transport. A comparative study, Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, 26, 100462, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2021.100462.
- Ciccarelli, F., Iannuzzi, D., Kondo, K., & Fratelli, L. (2015). Line-voltage control based on wayside energy storage systems for tramway networks. IEEE Transactions on power electronics, 31(1), 884-899.
- Di Noia, L. P., Genduso, F., Miceli, R., & Rizzo, R. (2018). Optimal integration of hybrid supercapacitor and IPT system for a free-catenary tramway. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 55(1), 794-801.
- Eren, Y. (2022). Uncertainty-aware non-supplied load minimization oriented demand response program for PV/FC power system with electrolyzer back-up. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 47(19), 10715-10735.
- Garcia, P., Fernandez, L. M., Garcia, C. A., & Jurado, F. (2009). Energy management system of fuel-cell-battery hybrid tramway. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 57(12), 4013-4023.
- Han, Y., Cao, N., Hong, Z., Li Q., Chen, W. (2016). Experimental Study on Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell Hybrid Tramway, 2016 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), 17-20 October 2016, Hangzhou, China, doi: 10.1109/VPPC.2016.7791686.
- Han, Y., Li, Q., Wang, T., Chen, W., & Ma, L. (2018). Multisource coordination energy management strategy based on SOC consensus for a PEMFC–battery–supercapacitor hybrid tramway. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 67(1), 296-305.
- Herrera, V. I., Gaztañaga, H., Milo, A., Saez-de-Ibarra, A., Etxeberria-Otadui, I., & Nieva, T. (2016). Optimal energy management and sizing of a battery--supercapacitor-based light rail vehicle with a multiobjective approach. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 52(4), 3367-3377.
- Khayyam, S., Ponci, F., Goikoetxea, J., Recagno, V., Bagliano, V., & Monti, A. (2016). Railway energy management system: Centralized–decentralized automation architecture. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 7(2), 1164-1175.
- Li, Q., Wang, T., Dai, C., Chen, W., & Ma, L. (2018). Power management strategy based on adaptive droop control for a fuel cell-battery-supercapacitor hybrid tramway. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 67(7), 5658-5670.
- Loy-Benitez, J., Safder, U., Nguyen, H. T., Li, Q., Woo, T., & Yoo, C. (2021). Techno-economic assessment and smart management of an integrated fuel cell-based energy system with absorption chiller for power, hydrogen, heating, and cooling in an electrified railway network. Energy, 233, 121099.
- Torreglosa, J. P., Garcia, P., Fernández, L. M., & Jurado, F. (2013). Predictive control for the energy management of a fuel-cell–battery–supercapacitor tramway. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 10(1), 276-285.
- Yang, H., Zhang, G., Wang, T., Li Q., Chen, W. (2016). Coordination Control for a PEMFC-Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Tramway," 2016 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), 17-20 October 2016, Hangzhou, China, doi: 10.1109/VPPC.2016.7791640.
- Zhang, G., Li, Q., Chen, W., & Meng, X. (2020). Synthetic strategy combining speed self-adjusting operation control and adaptive power allocation for fuel cell hybrid tramway. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 68(2), 1454-1465.
- Zhang, G., Li, Q., Chen, W., Meng, X., Deng, H. (2019). A coupled power-voltage equilibrium strategy based on droop control for fuel cell/battery/supercapacitor hybrid tramway, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 44(35), 19370-19383, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.09.070.
- Zhang, W., Li, J., Xu, L., Ouyang, M., Liu, Y., Han, Q., Li, K. (2016). Comparison study on life-cycle costs of different trams powered by fuel cell systems and others, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41(38), 16577-16591, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.03.032.
Öz
Raylı sistemler büyük nüfusa sahip şehirlerde ulaşım sorununun çözülmesi için önemli bir çözüm aracı olarak görülmektedir. Fakat bu sistemlerde kullanılan tramvaylar küçümsenmeyecek kadar büyük güç tüketimine sahiptirler. Ayrıca bu araçların güç tüketimleri tramvay sayısı ve yolcu sayısı gibi çeşitli etmenlerden dolayı değişkenlik gösterdiği için raylı sistemin ekonomik işletiminin sağlanması ve güç sisteminin güvenilir bir şekilde idare edilmesi çok kolay olmayabilir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmada çatısına fotovoltaik (PV) sistem dahil edilen ve ayrıca elektrolizör, hidrojen tankı, kompresör ve yakıt hücresinden oluşan hidrojen enerji sistemi ile entegre edilen bir tramvayın optimum enerji yönetim modeli açıklanmaktadır. Çalışmada tramvay ve hidrojen enerji sistemi için elektrik şebekesinden dinamik elektrik fiyatları ile enerji satın alınmaktadır. Önerilen modelin etkinliğini göstermek amacıyla gerçekleştirilen çeşitli durum çalışmalarında İstanbul’da bir tramvay hattının gerçek işletimi dikkate alınarak elde edilen güç profili kullanılmaktadır. Durum çalışmalarından elde edilen sonuçlara göre önerilen yapı toplam elektrik satın alma maliyetini önemli miktarda düşürebilmektedir. Maliyetleri düşürmede sırasıyla dinamik elektrik fiyatları, PV sistem ve hidrojen enerji sisteminin etkin olduğu görülmektedir. Dinamik elektrik fiyatları elektrik satın alma maliyetinde yaklaşık olarak %13’lük iyileşme sağlarken, tramvay üzerine yerleştirilen PV sistem ile toplam maliyet yaklaşık olarak %3 oranında azaltılabilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Yakıt Hücresi Hidrojen Enerji Sistemi Optimum Enerji Yöntemi Raylı Sistemler
Proje Numarası
12/RC/2302_P2
Kaynakça
- Arévalo, P., Cano, A., Jurado, F. (2020). Comparative study of two new energy control systems based on PEMFC for a hybrid tramway in Ecuador. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45(46), 25357-25377.
- Cano, A., Arévalo, P., Benavides, D., Jurado, F. (2021). Sustainable tramway, techno-economic analysis and environmental effects in an urban public transport. A comparative study, Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, 26, 100462, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2021.100462.
- Ciccarelli, F., Iannuzzi, D., Kondo, K., & Fratelli, L. (2015). Line-voltage control based on wayside energy storage systems for tramway networks. IEEE Transactions on power electronics, 31(1), 884-899.
- Di Noia, L. P., Genduso, F., Miceli, R., & Rizzo, R. (2018). Optimal integration of hybrid supercapacitor and IPT system for a free-catenary tramway. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 55(1), 794-801.
- Eren, Y. (2022). Uncertainty-aware non-supplied load minimization oriented demand response program for PV/FC power system with electrolyzer back-up. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 47(19), 10715-10735.
- Garcia, P., Fernandez, L. M., Garcia, C. A., & Jurado, F. (2009). Energy management system of fuel-cell-battery hybrid tramway. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 57(12), 4013-4023.
- Han, Y., Cao, N., Hong, Z., Li Q., Chen, W. (2016). Experimental Study on Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell Hybrid Tramway, 2016 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), 17-20 October 2016, Hangzhou, China, doi: 10.1109/VPPC.2016.7791686.
- Han, Y., Li, Q., Wang, T., Chen, W., & Ma, L. (2018). Multisource coordination energy management strategy based on SOC consensus for a PEMFC–battery–supercapacitor hybrid tramway. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 67(1), 296-305.
- Herrera, V. I., Gaztañaga, H., Milo, A., Saez-de-Ibarra, A., Etxeberria-Otadui, I., & Nieva, T. (2016). Optimal energy management and sizing of a battery--supercapacitor-based light rail vehicle with a multiobjective approach. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 52(4), 3367-3377.
- Khayyam, S., Ponci, F., Goikoetxea, J., Recagno, V., Bagliano, V., & Monti, A. (2016). Railway energy management system: Centralized–decentralized automation architecture. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 7(2), 1164-1175.
- Li, Q., Wang, T., Dai, C., Chen, W., & Ma, L. (2018). Power management strategy based on adaptive droop control for a fuel cell-battery-supercapacitor hybrid tramway. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 67(7), 5658-5670.
- Loy-Benitez, J., Safder, U., Nguyen, H. T., Li, Q., Woo, T., & Yoo, C. (2021). Techno-economic assessment and smart management of an integrated fuel cell-based energy system with absorption chiller for power, hydrogen, heating, and cooling in an electrified railway network. Energy, 233, 121099.
- Torreglosa, J. P., Garcia, P., Fernández, L. M., & Jurado, F. (2013). Predictive control for the energy management of a fuel-cell–battery–supercapacitor tramway. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 10(1), 276-285.
- Yang, H., Zhang, G., Wang, T., Li Q., Chen, W. (2016). Coordination Control for a PEMFC-Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Tramway," 2016 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), 17-20 October 2016, Hangzhou, China, doi: 10.1109/VPPC.2016.7791640.
- Zhang, G., Li, Q., Chen, W., & Meng, X. (2020). Synthetic strategy combining speed self-adjusting operation control and adaptive power allocation for fuel cell hybrid tramway. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 68(2), 1454-1465.
- Zhang, G., Li, Q., Chen, W., Meng, X., Deng, H. (2019). A coupled power-voltage equilibrium strategy based on droop control for fuel cell/battery/supercapacitor hybrid tramway, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 44(35), 19370-19383, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.09.070.
- Zhang, W., Li, J., Xu, L., Ouyang, M., Liu, Y., Han, Q., Li, K. (2016). Comparison study on life-cycle costs of different trams powered by fuel cell systems and others, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41(38), 16577-16591, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.03.032.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Elektrik Mühendisliği |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri \ Research Articles |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | 12/RC/2302_P2 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Aralık 2022 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 23 Mayıs 2022 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 1 Ağustos 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 4 |
