Determination of Mechanical Performance of Glass Fiber Reinforced, Glass Bead and EPDM filled PA-6 Hybrid Composites
Öz
In this study, polyamide 6 (PA6) polymer, which is in the engineering polymers class, was used as the main matrix material. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanical properties of pure polyamide 6 polymer and 5wt.% glass bead filled polyamide 6, 15wt.% glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 and 5wt.% glass beads/15wt.% glass fiber and 4wt.% Ethylene-Propylene-Diene-Monomer filled polyamide 6 hybrid composites. Polyamide-6-based polymer composites were first produced in granular form in a twin screw extruder, and then the test samples were produced by injection molding methods. Tensile, impact and bending specimens were produced by injection molding method in accordance with ASTM standards. As a result of the study, 5wt.% glass bead added to PA6 polymer increased the tensile strength by 2%, but did not affect the modulus of elasticity much. 15wt.% glass fiber added to PA6 polymer increased the tensile strength by 51.5% and the modulus of elasticity by 85.8%. The EPDM elastomer added to the PA6-5CB-15CE composite increased the impact strength by 14.2% and the elongation at break by 56.2%. Microstructure studies were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Alghamdi, M. (2019). Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)/Mica composites: preparation and characterization. Minia Journal of Engineering & Technology (MJET), 38(1), 244-255.
- Altay, L., Sarikanat, M., Saglam, M., Uysalman, T., and Seki, Y. (2021). The effect of various mineral fillers on thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of polypropylene. The journal of Research on Engineering Structures and Materials (RESM), 7(3), 361-373.
- Deshmukh, S.P., Rao, A.C., and Gava, V.R. (2011). Mica-filled PVC composites: Effect of particle size, filler concentration, and surface treatment of the filler, on mechanical and electrical properties of the composites. Journal of Thermoplastic Composıte Materials, 24, 583-599.
- Gupta, A. K., Srinivasan, K. R., and Krishna Kumar, P. (1991). Glass fiber reinforced Polypropylene/ EPDM blends: II. Mechanical properties and morphology. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 43, 451-462.
- Han, K., Zheng-Jun, L., and Mu-Huo, Y. (2005). Preparation and mechanical properties of long glass fiber reinforced PA6 composites prepared by a novel process. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 290, 688–694.
- Hashemi, S. (2008). Effect of temperature on tensile properties of injection moulded short glass fibre and glass bead filled ABS hybrids. eXPRESS Polymer Letters, 2(7), 474–484.
- Huang, L., Yuan, Q., Jiang, W., An, L., Jiang, S., and Li, R. K. Y. (2004). Mechanical and thermal properties of glass bead–filled nylon-6. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 94, 1885-1890.
- Kovacs, J.G., and Solymossy, B. (2009). Effect of glass bead content and diameter on shrinkage and warpage of ınjection-molded PA6. Polymer Engineering and Science, 49(11), 2218-2224.
- Kristiina, O., and Craig, C. (1998). Mechanical properties polypropylene-wood and morphology of impact modified flour composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 67, 1503-1513.
- Kuram, E. (2021). Synergistic effect of glass bead and glass fiber on the crystalline structure, thermal stability, and mechanical, rheological, and morphological properties of polyamide 6 composites. Journal of Composite Materials, 1-13.
- Liang, J.Z. (2005). Tensile and flexural properties of hollow glass bead-filled ABS composites. Journal of Elastomers and Plastıcs, 37, 361-370.
- Liang, J.Z., and Li, R.K.Y. (1998). Mechanical properties and morphology of glass bead-filled polypropylene composites. Polymer Composıtes, 19(6), 698-703.
- Liang, J., Yuqiang, X., Zhiyong, W., Ping, S., Guangyi, C., and Wanxi, Z. (2014). Mechanical properties, crystallization and melting behaviors of carbon fiber-reinforced PA6 composites. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 115, 209-218.
- Mareri, P., Bastide, S., Binda, N., and Crespy, A. (1998). Mechanical behaviour of polypropylene composites containing fine mineral filler: effect of filler surface treatment. Composites Science and Technology, 58, 747-752.
- Nuruzzaman, D.M., Iqbal Asif, A.K.M., Oumer, A.N., Ismail, N.M., and Basri, S. (2016). Experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced nylon. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 114, 012118.
- O’Connor, H. J., and Dowling, D. P. (2020). Comparison between the properties of polyamide 12 and glass bead filled polyamide 12 using the multi jet fusion printing process. Additive Manufacturing, 31, 100961.
- Qiu M., Xuming S., Patricia C.T., Xınmın L., and Zhongqın L. (2010). Mechanical properties of thermoplastic olefin composites: Effect of fillers content, strain rate and temperature. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 49, 121-127.
- Ranganathan, S., Rangasamy Suguna Thangaraj, H.N., Vasudevan, A.K., and Shanmugan, D.K. (2019). Analogy of thermal properties of polyamide 6 reinforced with glass fiber and glass beads through FDM Process. SAE Technical Paper, 2019-28-0137.
- Tomar, N., and Maiti, S.N. (2010). Mechanical properties of mica-filled PBT/ABS composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 117, 672-681.
- Unal, H. (2004). Morphology and mechanical properties of composites based on polyamide 6 and mineral additives. Materials and Design, 25, 483-487.
- Zaldua, N., Jon, M., Amaia de la, C., Sonia, G.A., Cristina, E., Isabel, H., Agnieszka T., and Alejandro, J.M. (2019). Nucleation and Crystallization of PA6 Composites Prepared by T-RTM: Effects of Carbon and Glass Fiber Loading. Polymers, 11, 1680.
Cam Elyaf, Cam Bilya ve EPDM katkılı Poliamit-6 Hibrit Kompozitlerin Mekanik Performanslarının Belirlenmesi
Öz
Otomotiv, beyaz eşya, savunma sanayi, uçak ve uzay sanayinde kullanılan bazı parçaların yüksek mukavemetli olmasının yanında aynı zamanda tok ve darbe dayanımlı olması da istenir. Bu çalışmada, ana matris malzeme olarak mühendislik polimerleri sınıfında yer alan poliamit 6 (PA6) polimeri kullanılmıştır. Katkısız PA6 polimeri ile ağırlık olarak %5 oranında cam bilya (CB) katkılı poliamit 6 (PA6-5CB), %15 oranında cam elyaf (CE) takviyeli poliamit 6 (PA6-15CE) ve %5CB/%15CE/%4 Etilen-Propilen-Dien-Monomer (EPDM) katkılı poliamit 6 (PA6-5CB-15CE-4EPDM) hibrit kompozitlerin mekanik performansları araştırılmıştır. Poliamit-6 esaslı polimer kompozitler önce ikiz vidalı ekstrüderde granül formda üretilmiş sonrasında ise enjeksiyon kalıplama yöntemi ile test numuneleri üretilmiştir. Enjeksiyon kalıplama yöntemi ile ASTM standartlarına uygun olarak çekme, darbe ve eğme numuneleri üretilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, PA6 polimerine ilave edilen %5 oranında cam bilya çekme mukavemetini %2 oranında artırırken elastiklik modülünü etkilememiştir. PA6 polimerine ilave edilen %15 oranındaki cam elyaf ise çekme mukavemetini %51.5 oranında, elastiklik modülünü ise %85.8 oranında artırmıştır. PA6-5CB-15CE kompozitine ilave edilen EPDM elastomeri darbe mukavemetini %14.2 oranında, kopmadaki % uzama miktarını ise %56.2 oranında artırmıştır. Mikroyapı incelemeleri ise taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) kullanılarak incelenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Alghamdi, M. (2019). Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)/Mica composites: preparation and characterization. Minia Journal of Engineering & Technology (MJET), 38(1), 244-255.
- Altay, L., Sarikanat, M., Saglam, M., Uysalman, T., and Seki, Y. (2021). The effect of various mineral fillers on thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of polypropylene. The journal of Research on Engineering Structures and Materials (RESM), 7(3), 361-373.
- Deshmukh, S.P., Rao, A.C., and Gava, V.R. (2011). Mica-filled PVC composites: Effect of particle size, filler concentration, and surface treatment of the filler, on mechanical and electrical properties of the composites. Journal of Thermoplastic Composıte Materials, 24, 583-599.
- Gupta, A. K., Srinivasan, K. R., and Krishna Kumar, P. (1991). Glass fiber reinforced Polypropylene/ EPDM blends: II. Mechanical properties and morphology. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 43, 451-462.
- Han, K., Zheng-Jun, L., and Mu-Huo, Y. (2005). Preparation and mechanical properties of long glass fiber reinforced PA6 composites prepared by a novel process. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 290, 688–694.
- Hashemi, S. (2008). Effect of temperature on tensile properties of injection moulded short glass fibre and glass bead filled ABS hybrids. eXPRESS Polymer Letters, 2(7), 474–484.
- Huang, L., Yuan, Q., Jiang, W., An, L., Jiang, S., and Li, R. K. Y. (2004). Mechanical and thermal properties of glass bead–filled nylon-6. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 94, 1885-1890.
- Kovacs, J.G., and Solymossy, B. (2009). Effect of glass bead content and diameter on shrinkage and warpage of ınjection-molded PA6. Polymer Engineering and Science, 49(11), 2218-2224.
- Kristiina, O., and Craig, C. (1998). Mechanical properties polypropylene-wood and morphology of impact modified flour composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 67, 1503-1513.
- Kuram, E. (2021). Synergistic effect of glass bead and glass fiber on the crystalline structure, thermal stability, and mechanical, rheological, and morphological properties of polyamide 6 composites. Journal of Composite Materials, 1-13.
- Liang, J.Z. (2005). Tensile and flexural properties of hollow glass bead-filled ABS composites. Journal of Elastomers and Plastıcs, 37, 361-370.
- Liang, J.Z., and Li, R.K.Y. (1998). Mechanical properties and morphology of glass bead-filled polypropylene composites. Polymer Composıtes, 19(6), 698-703.
- Liang, J., Yuqiang, X., Zhiyong, W., Ping, S., Guangyi, C., and Wanxi, Z. (2014). Mechanical properties, crystallization and melting behaviors of carbon fiber-reinforced PA6 composites. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 115, 209-218.
- Mareri, P., Bastide, S., Binda, N., and Crespy, A. (1998). Mechanical behaviour of polypropylene composites containing fine mineral filler: effect of filler surface treatment. Composites Science and Technology, 58, 747-752.
- Nuruzzaman, D.M., Iqbal Asif, A.K.M., Oumer, A.N., Ismail, N.M., and Basri, S. (2016). Experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced nylon. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 114, 012118.
- O’Connor, H. J., and Dowling, D. P. (2020). Comparison between the properties of polyamide 12 and glass bead filled polyamide 12 using the multi jet fusion printing process. Additive Manufacturing, 31, 100961.
- Qiu M., Xuming S., Patricia C.T., Xınmın L., and Zhongqın L. (2010). Mechanical properties of thermoplastic olefin composites: Effect of fillers content, strain rate and temperature. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 49, 121-127.
- Ranganathan, S., Rangasamy Suguna Thangaraj, H.N., Vasudevan, A.K., and Shanmugan, D.K. (2019). Analogy of thermal properties of polyamide 6 reinforced with glass fiber and glass beads through FDM Process. SAE Technical Paper, 2019-28-0137.
- Tomar, N., and Maiti, S.N. (2010). Mechanical properties of mica-filled PBT/ABS composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 117, 672-681.
- Unal, H. (2004). Morphology and mechanical properties of composites based on polyamide 6 and mineral additives. Materials and Design, 25, 483-487.
- Zaldua, N., Jon, M., Amaia de la, C., Sonia, G.A., Cristina, E., Isabel, H., Agnieszka T., and Alejandro, J.M. (2019). Nucleation and Crystallization of PA6 Composites Prepared by T-RTM: Effects of Carbon and Glass Fiber Loading. Polymers, 11, 1680.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mühendislik |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 15 Haziran 2022 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 15 Haziran 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1 |
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