Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 58 Sayı: 2, 87 - 94, 01.06.2019
Öz
Phosphate ore is one of the most critical raw materials for all living things (plant, animal, and human),
according to the European Commission report which explains the importance of economical and
supply risk of raw materials. Therefore, the evaluation of low-grade phosphate ore is of vital
importance. In this study, the selective removal of carbonate minerals (calcite and aragonite) from
phosphate ore was investigated by using calcination-sucrose leaching processes. The sample
used in this study was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Termogravimetric (TG), and
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, respectively. The effect of calcination temperature (750,
850 and 900 ˚C) and calcination duration time (15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min) were examined.
Leaching tests were performed with various sucrose concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 1.50, 2
M) at different stirring speed (0, 150, 300, 450 rpm) during several times (15, 30, 60, 120, 180
and 240 min). As a result, the selective removal of carbonate minerals from phosphate rock was
provided although unwanted CaSiO3 mineral was formed during the calcination process due to
its high quartz content.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Phosphate Apatite Calcination Sucrose leaching Calcite Aragonite
Kaynakça
- Abouzeid, A. Z., Negm, A. T., Elgillani, D. A., 2009. Upgrading of Calcareous Phosphate Ores by Flotation: Effect of Ore Characteristics. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 90 (1-4), 81-89.
- Al-Fariss, T. F., Arafat, Y., El-Aleem, F. A., El-Midany, A. A., 2014. Investigating Sodium Sulphate as a Phosphate Depressant in Acidic Media. Separation and Purification Technology, 124, 163-169.
- Ashraf, M., Zafar, Z. I., Ansari, T. M., 2005. Selective Leaching Kinetics and Upgrading of Low-grade Calcareous Phosphate Rock in Succinic Acid. Hydrometallurgy, 80 (4), 286-292.
- Ashraf, M., Zafar, Z. I., Ansari, T. M., Fiaz, A., 2005. Selective Leaching Kinetics of Calcareous Phosphate Rock in Phosphoric Acid. J. Appl. Sci, 5, 1722-1727.
- Avrupa Birliği Komisyonu, 2017. Study on the Review of the List of Critical Raw Materials Written by Deloitte Sustainability British Geological Survey Bureau de Re- Cherches Géologiques et Minières Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research.
- Bakry, A. R., Abdelfattah, N. A., Farag, A. B., Elwy, A. M., 2015. Upgrading of Abu-Tartur Calcareous Phosphate via Selective Leaching by Organic Acids. International Journal of Scientific Engineering Research, 6 (10), 57-65.
- Bulatovic, S. M., 2015. Flotation of Phosphate Ore in Handbook of Flotation Reagents: Chemistry, Theory and Practice Flotation of Industrial Minerals. ed. By S.M. Bulatovic (Elsevier, Amsterdam), Chapter 26, 1–19.
- Fang, G., Jun, L., 2011. Selective Separation of Silica from a Siliceous–calcareous Phosphate Rock. Mining Science and Technology (China), 21 (1), 135-139.
- Gharabaghi, M., Noaparast, M., Irannajad, M., 2009. Selective Leaching Kinetics of Low-grade Calcareous Phosphate Ore in Acetic Acid. Hydrometallurgy, 95 (3- 4), 341-345.
- Hanumantha K., Forssberg K. S. E., 1993. Pulp Chemistry in Apatite – Sodium Oleate – Sodium Silicate Flotation System: Beneficiation of Phosphate Theory and Practice. Society for Minerals, Metallurgy and Exploration Inc., Littleton, Co.
- Heydarpour, T., Rezai, B., Gharabaghi, M., 2011. A Kinetics Study of the Leaching of a Calcareous Phosphate Rock by Lactic Acid. Chemical engineering research and design, 89 (10), 2153-2158.
- Jian-rui, W., Jie, Z., 2016. Study on the Selective Leaching of Low-Grade Phosphate Ore for Beneficiation of Phosphorus and Rare Earths using Citric Acid as Leaching Agent. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 89 (7), 1196-1205.
- Liang W., Zhang Y. W., 1983. A New Process for Beneficiation and Concentration of Sedimentary Phosphate in Southwest China. In: Processing of IFA/CNCCC Technical Seminar on Phos-phate, 17–36.
- Mantilaka, M., Rajapakse, R., Karunaratne, D., Pitawala, H. 2014. Preparation of Amorphous Calcium 94
- Carbonate Nanoparticles from Impure Dolomitic Marble with the Aid of Poly (acrylic acid) as a Stabilizer, Advanced Powder Technology, 25, 591-598.
- Mohammadkhani, M., Noaparast, M., Shafaei, S. Z., Amini, A., Amini, E., Abdollahi, H., 2011. Double Reverse Flotation of a Very Low Grade Sedimentary Phosphate Rock, Rich in Carbonate and Silicate. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 100 (3-4), 157-165.
- Rule A. R., Larson D. A., Dallenbach C. B., 1982. Application of Calcite – Silica Flotation Techniques to Western Phosphate Minerals. U.S. Bureau of Mines, R.I. No. 8728.
- Seil, G. E., 1943. Study of Literature on Separation of Magnesia from Lime in Dolomite and Similar Materials. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 26 (7), 218-236.
- Smani, S.M., Blazy, P., Cases, J.M., 1975. Beneficiation of Sedimentary Moroccan Phosphate Ores. Trans SME-AIME, 258 (2):168–182.
- Soussi-Baatout, A., Ibrahim, K., Khattech, I., Jemal, M., 2016. Attack of Tunisian Phosphate Ore by Phosphoric Acid. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 124 (3), 1671-1678.
- Şengül, H., Özer, A. K., Gulaboglu, M. S., 2006. Beneficiation of Mardin-Mazıdaği (Turkey) Calcareous Phosphate Rock Using Dilute Acetic Acid Solutions. Chemical Engineering Journal, 122 (3), 135-140.
- Zafar, Z. I., Ashraf, M., 2007. Selective Leaching Kinetics of Calcareous Phosphate Rock in Lactic Acid. Chemical Engineering Journal, 131 (1-3), 41-48.
FOSFAT CEVHERİNDEN KARBONATLI MİNERALLERİN SELEKTİF OLARAK KALSİNASYON-SAKKAROZ LİÇİ YÖNTEMİ İLE UZAKLAŞTIRILMASI
Öz
Fosfat cevheri, kritik öneme sahip hammaddelerin ekonomik önemini ve tedarik riskini vurgulayan
Avrupa Komisyonu raporuna göre, tüm canlılar (bitkiler, hayvanlar ve insanlar) için en kritik
hammaddelerden biridir. Bu sebeple; düşük tenörlü fosfat cevherinin değerlendirilmesi önem arz
etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, fosfat cevherinin içerdiği karbonatlı minerallerin (kalsit ve aragonit)
selektif olarak uzaklaştırılması kalsinasyon-sakkaroz liçi yöntemleri uygulanarak araştırılmıştır.
Çalışmada kullanılan cevherin karakterizasyonu X-ışını difraksiyon (XRD), termogravimetrik
(TG) ve X-ışını flüoresans (XRF) spektroskopisi ile belirlenmiştir. Kalsinasyon sıcaklığı (750, 850
ve 900 ˚C) ve süresinin etkisi (15, 30, 60, 90 ve 120 dk) incelenmiştir. Sakkaroz ile yapılan liç
işlemlerinde ise karıştırma hızı (0, 150, 300, 450 dev/dk, sakkaroz konsantrasyonu (0, 0,25, 0,50,
1, 1,50 ve 2 M) ve liç süresinin (15, 30, 60, 120, 180 ve 240 dk) etkileri ortaya konmuştur. Sonuç
olarak; kuvars içeriğinin yüksek olması, kalsinasyon işlemi sırasında istenmeyen CaSiO3 minerali
oluşmuş olsa da karbonatlı minerallerin selektif olarak cevherden uzaklaştırılması sağlanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Abouzeid, A. Z., Negm, A. T., Elgillani, D. A., 2009. Upgrading of Calcareous Phosphate Ores by Flotation: Effect of Ore Characteristics. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 90 (1-4), 81-89.
- Al-Fariss, T. F., Arafat, Y., El-Aleem, F. A., El-Midany, A. A., 2014. Investigating Sodium Sulphate as a Phosphate Depressant in Acidic Media. Separation and Purification Technology, 124, 163-169.
- Ashraf, M., Zafar, Z. I., Ansari, T. M., 2005. Selective Leaching Kinetics and Upgrading of Low-grade Calcareous Phosphate Rock in Succinic Acid. Hydrometallurgy, 80 (4), 286-292.
- Ashraf, M., Zafar, Z. I., Ansari, T. M., Fiaz, A., 2005. Selective Leaching Kinetics of Calcareous Phosphate Rock in Phosphoric Acid. J. Appl. Sci, 5, 1722-1727.
- Avrupa Birliği Komisyonu, 2017. Study on the Review of the List of Critical Raw Materials Written by Deloitte Sustainability British Geological Survey Bureau de Re- Cherches Géologiques et Minières Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research.
- Bakry, A. R., Abdelfattah, N. A., Farag, A. B., Elwy, A. M., 2015. Upgrading of Abu-Tartur Calcareous Phosphate via Selective Leaching by Organic Acids. International Journal of Scientific Engineering Research, 6 (10), 57-65.
- Bulatovic, S. M., 2015. Flotation of Phosphate Ore in Handbook of Flotation Reagents: Chemistry, Theory and Practice Flotation of Industrial Minerals. ed. By S.M. Bulatovic (Elsevier, Amsterdam), Chapter 26, 1–19.
- Fang, G., Jun, L., 2011. Selective Separation of Silica from a Siliceous–calcareous Phosphate Rock. Mining Science and Technology (China), 21 (1), 135-139.
- Gharabaghi, M., Noaparast, M., Irannajad, M., 2009. Selective Leaching Kinetics of Low-grade Calcareous Phosphate Ore in Acetic Acid. Hydrometallurgy, 95 (3- 4), 341-345.
- Hanumantha K., Forssberg K. S. E., 1993. Pulp Chemistry in Apatite – Sodium Oleate – Sodium Silicate Flotation System: Beneficiation of Phosphate Theory and Practice. Society for Minerals, Metallurgy and Exploration Inc., Littleton, Co.
- Heydarpour, T., Rezai, B., Gharabaghi, M., 2011. A Kinetics Study of the Leaching of a Calcareous Phosphate Rock by Lactic Acid. Chemical engineering research and design, 89 (10), 2153-2158.
- Jian-rui, W., Jie, Z., 2016. Study on the Selective Leaching of Low-Grade Phosphate Ore for Beneficiation of Phosphorus and Rare Earths using Citric Acid as Leaching Agent. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 89 (7), 1196-1205.
- Liang W., Zhang Y. W., 1983. A New Process for Beneficiation and Concentration of Sedimentary Phosphate in Southwest China. In: Processing of IFA/CNCCC Technical Seminar on Phos-phate, 17–36.
- Mantilaka, M., Rajapakse, R., Karunaratne, D., Pitawala, H. 2014. Preparation of Amorphous Calcium 94
- Carbonate Nanoparticles from Impure Dolomitic Marble with the Aid of Poly (acrylic acid) as a Stabilizer, Advanced Powder Technology, 25, 591-598.
- Mohammadkhani, M., Noaparast, M., Shafaei, S. Z., Amini, A., Amini, E., Abdollahi, H., 2011. Double Reverse Flotation of a Very Low Grade Sedimentary Phosphate Rock, Rich in Carbonate and Silicate. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 100 (3-4), 157-165.
- Rule A. R., Larson D. A., Dallenbach C. B., 1982. Application of Calcite – Silica Flotation Techniques to Western Phosphate Minerals. U.S. Bureau of Mines, R.I. No. 8728.
- Seil, G. E., 1943. Study of Literature on Separation of Magnesia from Lime in Dolomite and Similar Materials. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 26 (7), 218-236.
- Smani, S.M., Blazy, P., Cases, J.M., 1975. Beneficiation of Sedimentary Moroccan Phosphate Ores. Trans SME-AIME, 258 (2):168–182.
- Soussi-Baatout, A., Ibrahim, K., Khattech, I., Jemal, M., 2016. Attack of Tunisian Phosphate Ore by Phosphoric Acid. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 124 (3), 1671-1678.
- Şengül, H., Özer, A. K., Gulaboglu, M. S., 2006. Beneficiation of Mardin-Mazıdaği (Turkey) Calcareous Phosphate Rock Using Dilute Acetic Acid Solutions. Chemical Engineering Journal, 122 (3), 135-140.
- Zafar, Z. I., Ashraf, M., 2007. Selective Leaching Kinetics of Calcareous Phosphate Rock in Lactic Acid. Chemical Engineering Journal, 131 (1-3), 41-48.
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Haziran 2019 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 17 Aralık 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 58 Sayı: 2 |
