Investigation of The Effect of Micronized Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer (EDPM) Powder Wastes on Physical and Mechanical Properties in EPDM Mixtures
Öz
In this study, micronized-ethylene-propylene-diene monomer powders (m-EPDM) by the physical crushing method were added to EPDM rubber, and their effects on physical and mechanical properties were examined. Micronized EPDM powders were added at rates of 10-20-30%. EPDM rubber was pulped with micronized EPDM powder using a 1.5-liter laboratory type mini banbury. The obtained paste was vulcanized in the press at 180 °C for 20 min., and test plates were acquired. Rheological and fluidity properties of EPDM rubber with m-EPDM powder added were examined by pre-press rheometer (Moving Die Rheometer_MDR) and Mooney viscosity tests. Tensile and permanent deformation tests were performed to determine mechanical properties density, Shore A hardness tests were performed to determine physical properties and dispersion analysis was performed to distribute the additives in EPDM rubber. As a result of the study, minimum torque (ML) values increased while maximum torque (MH) values decreased depending on the amount of m-EPDM. Mooney viscosity of EPDM/30m-EPDM rubber increased by 40.9%. It was observed that cure rate index (CRI) did not change depending on the amount of m-EPDM. With the addition of 30% m-EPDM, breaking strength decreased by 39.2%, and elongation at break was reduced by 9.87%.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Micronized EPDM powder Rheological properties Physical properties EPDM rubber
Kaynakça
- 1. B. Karaağaç, H.O. Turan, D.D. Oral, Use of ground EPDM wastes in EPDM-based rubber compounds: With and without compatibilization, Journal of Elastomers & Plastics. 47(2):117-135, 2015.
- 2. C. Jacob, A. K. Bhowmick, P.P. De, S.K. De, Recycling of EPDM waste. I. Effect of ground EPDM vulcanizate on properties of EPDM rubber, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 82(13):3293-3303, 2001.
- 3. P. Sutanto, F.L. Laksmana, F. Picchioni, L.P.B.M. Janssen, Modeling on the kinetics of an EPDM devulcanization in an internal batch mixer using an amine as the devulcanizing agent, Chemical Engineering Science, 61(19):6442-6453, 2006.
- 4. H. Demirer, Y. Tezcan, K. Büyükkaya, İ. Kartal, Effect of addition of recycled EPDM size on the bending properties of Polypropylene, European Journal of Science and Technology, 15:381-386, 2019.
- 5. A. Güngör, İ.K. Akbay, T. Özdemir, Accumulation of recycled waste tyre within different rubbers: A kinetic study, Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 37(4):1169-1179, 2019.
- 6. J. Yun, V.V. Yashin, A.I. Isayev, Ultrasonic devulcanization of carbon black-filled ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 91(3):1646-1656, 2004.
- 7. D.Z. Pirityi, K. Pölöskei, Thermomechanical devulcanisation of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber and its subsequent reintegration into virgin Rubber, Polymers, 13(7):1116, 2021.
- 8. M. Sabzekar, G. Zohuri, M.P. Chenar, S.M. Mortazavi, M. Kariminejad, S. Asadi, A new approach for reclaiming of waste automotive EPDM rubber using waste oil, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 129:56-62, 2016.
- 9. A. Fazli, D. Rodrigue, Waste rubber recycling: A review on the evolution and properties of thermoplastic elastomers, Materials, 13(3):782, 2020.
- 10. M. Forrest, Overview of the world rubber recycling market. In Recycling and Reuse of Waste Rubber, 1st ed.; Potter, D., (EdS.) Smithers Rapra: Shawbury, UK, 1:17-30, 2014.
- 11. K. Ünlü, EPDM Atıklarının Otomotiv Endüstrisinde Degerlendirilmesi Üzerine Bir inceleme, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2007.
- 12. İ. K. Akbay, A. Güngör, T. Özdemir, Optimization of the vulcanization parameters for ethylene–propylene–diene termonomer (EPDM)/ground waste tyre composite using response surface methodology, Polymer Bulletin, 74:5095-5109, 2017.
- 13. C. Jacob, A.K. Bhowmick, P.P. De, S.K. De, Utilization of powdered EPDM scrap in EPDM compound, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 76(1): 36, 2003.
- 14. A.M. Lepadatu, S. Asaftei, N. Vennemann, Recycling of EPDM rubber waste powder by activation with liquid polymers, Rohstoffe Und Anwendungen Raw Materials and Applications, 41-47:2014.
- 15. A.B. Habieb, F. Milani, G. Milani, R. Cerchiaro, Rubber compounds made of reactivated EPDM for fiber‑reinforced elastomeric isolators: an experimental study, Iranian Polymer Journal, 29:1031-1043, 2020.
- 16. H. Ismail, M. Awang, M. Hazizan, Effect of waste tire dust (WTD) size on the mechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene/waste tire dust (PP/WTD) blends, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 45:463-468, 2006.
- 17. R. Sonnier, E. Leroy, L. Clerc, A. Bergeret, J. Lopez-Cuesta, Polyethylene/ground tyre rubber blends: Influence of particle morphology and oxidation on mechanical properties, Polymer Testing, 26:274–281, 2007.
- 18. C. Jacob, A.K. Bhattacharya, A.K. Bhowmick, P.P. De, S.K. De, Recycling of eyhylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) waste. III. Processability of EPDM rubber compound containing ground EPDM vulcanizates, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 87:2204, 2003.
- 19. O. Munirah, M.S. Mustafa, Z. Ahmad, N.M.A. Wahab, Performance evaluation of natural rubber filled cured ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) waste reinforcement, Solid State Science and Technology, 26(1):186-193, 2018.
Mikronize Etilen-Propilen-Dien Monomer (EDPM) Atıklarının EPDM Karışımlarındaki Fiziksel ve Mekanik Özelliklere Etkisinin Araştırılması
Öz
Bu çalışmada fiziksel kırma yöntemiyle mikronize edilmiş EPDM (m-EPDM) tozları farklı oranlarda EPDM kauçuğuna ilave edilerek fiziksel ve mekanik özelliklere etkisi incelenmiştir. Mikronize EPDM tozları %10-20-30 oranlarında ilave edilmiştir. 1.5 lt’lik laboratuvar tipi mini banbury kullanılarak mikronize-EPDM tozu ile EPDM kauçuğu hamur haline getirilmiştir. Elde edilen hamur preste 180 oC ve 20 dakika boyunca vulkanize edilerek test plakaları elde edilmiştir. Pres öncesi reometri (MDR) ve Mooney viskozite testleri ile m-EPDM tozu ilaveli EPDM kauçuğun reolojik ve akışkanlık özellikleri incelenmiştir. Mekanik özelliklerin belirlenmesi için çekme testi ve kalıcı deformasyon testi, fiziksel özelliklerin belirlenmesi için yoğunluk ve Shore A sertlik testleri, EPDM kauçuğunda mevcut olan katkıların dağılımı için ise dispersiyon analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, m-EPDM miktarına bağlı olarak minimum tork (ML) değerleri artarken maksimum tork (MH) değerleri azalmıştır. EPDM/30m-EPDM kauçuğun mooney viskozitesi %40,9 oranında artmıştır. CRI oranlarının, m-EPDM miktarına bağlı olarak değişmediği gözlenmiştir. %30 m-EPDM ilavesi ile kopma mukavemeti %39.2, kopma uzaması ise %9.87 oranlarında azalmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Mikronize EPDM tozu Reolojik özellikler Fiziksel özellikler EPDM kauçuğu
Kaynakça
- 1. B. Karaağaç, H.O. Turan, D.D. Oral, Use of ground EPDM wastes in EPDM-based rubber compounds: With and without compatibilization, Journal of Elastomers & Plastics. 47(2):117-135, 2015.
- 2. C. Jacob, A. K. Bhowmick, P.P. De, S.K. De, Recycling of EPDM waste. I. Effect of ground EPDM vulcanizate on properties of EPDM rubber, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 82(13):3293-3303, 2001.
- 3. P. Sutanto, F.L. Laksmana, F. Picchioni, L.P.B.M. Janssen, Modeling on the kinetics of an EPDM devulcanization in an internal batch mixer using an amine as the devulcanizing agent, Chemical Engineering Science, 61(19):6442-6453, 2006.
- 4. H. Demirer, Y. Tezcan, K. Büyükkaya, İ. Kartal, Effect of addition of recycled EPDM size on the bending properties of Polypropylene, European Journal of Science and Technology, 15:381-386, 2019.
- 5. A. Güngör, İ.K. Akbay, T. Özdemir, Accumulation of recycled waste tyre within different rubbers: A kinetic study, Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 37(4):1169-1179, 2019.
- 6. J. Yun, V.V. Yashin, A.I. Isayev, Ultrasonic devulcanization of carbon black-filled ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 91(3):1646-1656, 2004.
- 7. D.Z. Pirityi, K. Pölöskei, Thermomechanical devulcanisation of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber and its subsequent reintegration into virgin Rubber, Polymers, 13(7):1116, 2021.
- 8. M. Sabzekar, G. Zohuri, M.P. Chenar, S.M. Mortazavi, M. Kariminejad, S. Asadi, A new approach for reclaiming of waste automotive EPDM rubber using waste oil, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 129:56-62, 2016.
- 9. A. Fazli, D. Rodrigue, Waste rubber recycling: A review on the evolution and properties of thermoplastic elastomers, Materials, 13(3):782, 2020.
- 10. M. Forrest, Overview of the world rubber recycling market. In Recycling and Reuse of Waste Rubber, 1st ed.; Potter, D., (EdS.) Smithers Rapra: Shawbury, UK, 1:17-30, 2014.
- 11. K. Ünlü, EPDM Atıklarının Otomotiv Endüstrisinde Degerlendirilmesi Üzerine Bir inceleme, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2007.
- 12. İ. K. Akbay, A. Güngör, T. Özdemir, Optimization of the vulcanization parameters for ethylene–propylene–diene termonomer (EPDM)/ground waste tyre composite using response surface methodology, Polymer Bulletin, 74:5095-5109, 2017.
- 13. C. Jacob, A.K. Bhowmick, P.P. De, S.K. De, Utilization of powdered EPDM scrap in EPDM compound, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 76(1): 36, 2003.
- 14. A.M. Lepadatu, S. Asaftei, N. Vennemann, Recycling of EPDM rubber waste powder by activation with liquid polymers, Rohstoffe Und Anwendungen Raw Materials and Applications, 41-47:2014.
- 15. A.B. Habieb, F. Milani, G. Milani, R. Cerchiaro, Rubber compounds made of reactivated EPDM for fiber‑reinforced elastomeric isolators: an experimental study, Iranian Polymer Journal, 29:1031-1043, 2020.
- 16. H. Ismail, M. Awang, M. Hazizan, Effect of waste tire dust (WTD) size on the mechanical and morphological properties of polypropylene/waste tire dust (PP/WTD) blends, Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 45:463-468, 2006.
- 17. R. Sonnier, E. Leroy, L. Clerc, A. Bergeret, J. Lopez-Cuesta, Polyethylene/ground tyre rubber blends: Influence of particle morphology and oxidation on mechanical properties, Polymer Testing, 26:274–281, 2007.
- 18. C. Jacob, A.K. Bhattacharya, A.K. Bhowmick, P.P. De, S.K. De, Recycling of eyhylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) waste. III. Processability of EPDM rubber compound containing ground EPDM vulcanizates, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 87:2204, 2003.
- 19. O. Munirah, M.S. Mustafa, Z. Ahmad, N.M.A. Wahab, Performance evaluation of natural rubber filled cured ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) waste reinforcement, Solid State Science and Technology, 26(1):186-193, 2018.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Polimer Bilimi ve Teknolojileri, Malzeme Tasarım ve Davranışları |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 30 Aralık 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Aralık 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 13 Ekim 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 22 Kasım 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3 |
