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KIRMIZI PANCAR SUYU YOLUYLA NİTRAT TÜKETİMİNİN FİZYOLOJİK PERFORMANS VE SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 4, 14 - 27, 30.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.576675

Öz

Son yıllarda aktif kaslara oksijen taşınmasını artırmaya yönelik
beslenme uygulamalarından yüksek nitrat içeriği dolayısı ile kırmızı pancar
suyu ön plana çıkarak spor beslenmesinde popülerliğini arttırmaya başlamıştır.
Literatürdeki çalışmalar kırmızı pancar suyu tüketiminin çeşitli spor
dallarında performansı arttırdığını ve genel toplum sağlığını iyileştirmeye
yönelik de faydalarının olabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı
kırmızı pancar suyu tüketiminin sportif performans ve sağlığın iyileştirilmesi
üzerine etkilerini ortaya koymak ve olası etki mekanizmalarını açıklamaktır. 

Kaynakça

  • Alvares, T.S., Meirelles, C.M., Bhambhani, Y.N. (2011). L-Arginine as a potential ergogenic aid in healthy subjects. Sports Med, 41, 233-248.
  • Appel, L.J., Moore, T.J., Obarzanek, E., (1997). A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH collaborative research group. New England Journal of Medicine, 336, 1117-1124
  • Arnold, J.T., Oliver, S.J., Lewis-Jones, T.M. (2015). Beetroot juice does not enhance altitude running performance in well-trained athletes. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 40(6), 590-595.
  • Aucouturier, J., Boissiere, J., Pawlak-Chaouch, M., Cuvelier, G., Gamelin, F. X. (2015). Effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on tolerance to supramaximal intensity intermittent exercise. Nitric Oxide-Biol Ch, 49, 16-25. doi:10.1016/j.niox.2015.05.004
  • Bailey, S.J., Fulford, J., Vanhatalo, A. (2010). Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances muscle contractile efficiency during knee-extensor exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol, 109(1):135–148
  • Bailey, S.J., Winyard, P., Vanhatalo, A. (2010). Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces the O2 cost of low-intensity exercise and enhances tolerance to high-intensity exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol, 109 (5): 1394-403
  • Bangsbo, J., Krustrup, P., Gonzalez-Alonso, J., Saltin, B. (2001). ATP production and efficiency of human skeletal muscle during intense exercise: effect of previous exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 280, 956–964.
  • Besco, R., Sureda, A., Tur, J. A., Pons, A. (2012). The effect of nitric-oxide-related supplements on human performance. Sports medicine, 42(2), 99-117.
  • Bescos, R., Gonzalez-Haro, C., Pujol, P. (2009). Effects of dietary L-arginine intake on cardiorespiratory and metabolic adaptation in athletes. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 19, 355-365.
  • Bloomer, R.J., Farney, T.M., Trepanowski, J.F. (2010). Comparison of pre-workout nitric oxide stimulating dietary supplements on skeletal muscle oxygen saturation, bloodnitrate/nitrite, lipid peroxidation, and upper body exercise performance in resistance trained men. J Int Soc Sports Nutr; 7, 16.
  • Bond, H., Morton, L., Braakhuis, A.J. (2012). Dietary nitrate supplementation improves rowing performance in well-trained rowers. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab., 22(4), 251–256.
  • Boorsma, R.K., Whitfield, J., Spriet, L.L. (2014). Beetroot juice supplementation does not improve performance of elite 1500-m runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 46(12), 2326-34.
  • Buck, C. L., Henry, T., Guelfi, K., Dawson, B., McNaughton, L. R., Wallman, K. (2015). Effects of sodium phosphate and beetroot juice supplementation on repeated-sprint ability in females. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 115(10), 2205-2213. doi:10.1007/s00421-015-3201-1
  • Byran, N.S., Hord, N.G. (2010). Dietary Nitrates and nitrates in: Bryan N(ed), Food Nutrition and the Nitric Oxide pathway. Destech Pub Inc: Lancaster, PA, pp 59-77.
  • Cai, Y.Z., Sun, M., Corke, H. (2005). Characterization and application of betalain pigments from plants of the Amaranthaceae. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 16, 370–376.
  • Cermak, N.M., Gibala, M.J., Van Loon, L.J. (2012). Nitrate supplementation’s improvement of 10-km time-trial performance in trained cyclists. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 22(1), 64–71.
  • Cermak, N.M., Res, P., Stinkens, R. (2012). No improvement in endurance performance after a single dose of beetroot juice. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 22(6), 470–478.
  • Christensen, P.M., Nyberg, M., Bangsbo, J. (2013). Influence of nitrate supplementation on VO2 kinetics and endurance of elite cyclists. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 23(1), 21–31.
  • Clifford, T., Allerton, D. M., Brown, M. A. (2016). Minimal muscle damage after a marathon and no influence of beetroot juice on inflammation and recovery. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 42(3), 263-270.
  • Çetin, E., Dölek, B.E., Orhan, Ö. (2008). Gazi üniversitesi beden eğitimi ve spor yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin ergojenik yardımcılar, doping ve sağlık hakkındaki bilgi ve alışkanlıklarının belirlenmesi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(3), 129-132.
  • Dejam, A., Hunter, C.J., Schechter, A.N. (2004). Emerging role of nitrite in human biology. Blood Cells Mol Dis, 32, 423–9.
  • Dolek, B.E., Bosi, T.B. (2019). Examination of attitudes of sports science faculty students about energy drinks, sports drinks and ergogenic substances. Journal of Education and Learning, 8(5), 241-247.
  • Duncan, C., Dougall, H., Johnston, P. (1995). Chemical generation of nitric oxide in the mouth from the enterosalivary circulation of dietary nitrate. Nat Med, 1, 546–51.
  • Eggebeen, J., Kim-Shapiro, D. B., Haykowsky, M., Morgan, T. M., Basu, S., Brubaker, P., Kitzman, D. W. (2016). One week of daily dosing with beetroot juice improves submaximal endurance and blood pressure in older patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. JACC: Heart Failure, 4(6), 428-437.
  • Esatbeyoglu, T., Wagner, A. E., Schini-Kerth, V. B., Rimbach, G. (2015). Betanin A food colorant with biological activity. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 59, 36–47.
  • Felippe, L.C., Lopes-Silva, J.P., Bertuzzi, R., McGinley, C., Lima-Silva, A.E. (2016). Separate and combined effects of caffeine and sodium-bicarbonate intake on judo performance. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 11:221–6
  • Flanagan, S. D., Looney, D. P., Miller, M. J., DuPont, W. H., Pryor, L., Creighton, B. C., Kraemer, W. J. (2016). The Effects of Nitrate-Rich Supplementation on Neuromuscular Efficiency during Heavy Resistance Exercise. J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 35(2), 100-107. doi:10.1080/07315724.2015.1081572
  • Gilchrist, M., Winyard, P.G., Benjamin, N. (2010). Dietary nitrate good or bad? Nitric Oxide, 22, 104–109.
  • Govoni, M., Jansson, E.A., Weitzberg, E. (2008). The increase in plasma nitrite after a dietary nitrate load is markedly attenuated by an antibacterial mouthwash. Nitric Oxide, 19:333–7.
  • Hernandez, A., Schiffer, T.A., Ivarsson, N. (2012). Dietary nitrate increases tetanic [Ca2+]i and contractile force in mouse fasttwitch muscle. J Physiol, 590, 3575–3583
  • Hoon, M. W., Jones, A. M., Johnson, N. A., Blackwell, J. R., Broad, E. M., Lundy, B., Burke, L. M. (2014). The effect of variable doses of inorganic nitrate-rich beetroot juice on simulated 2000-m rowing performance in trained athletes. International Journal Of Sports Physiology And Performance, 9(4), 615-620.
  • Hord, N.G., Tang, Y., Bryan, N.S. (2009). Food sources of nitrates and nitrites: the physiologic context for potential health benefits. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 90, 1–10.
  • Jones, A.M. (2014). Dietary Nitrate Supplementation and Exercise Performance. Sports Med, 44 (Suppl 1), 35–45.
  • Jones, A.M. (2016). Dıetary Nıtrıc Oxıde Precursors And Exercıse Performance. Sports Science Exchange, 28 (156), 1-6.
  • Joyner, M.J., Tschakovsky, M.E. (2003). Nitric oxide and physiologic vasodilation in human limbs: where do we go from here? Can J Appl Physiol, 28, 475–490.
  • Kelly, J., Vanhatalo, A., Wilkerson, D.P., Wylie, L.J., Jones, A.M. (2013). Effects of nitrate on the power-duration relationship for severe-intensity exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 45(9), 1798–1806.
  • Kenjale, A.A., Ham, K.L., Stabler T. (2011). Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances exercise performance in peripheral arterial disease. J Appl Physiol, 110, 1582–1591.
  • Kilit, B., Arslan, E. (2017). Physiological responses and time-motion characteristics of young tennis players: comparison of serve vs. return games and winners vs. losers matches. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport 17(5):684-694.
  • Kilit, B., Arslan, E. (2019). Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training Vs. On-Court Tennis Training in Young Tennis Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(1), 188-196.
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  • Koppo, K., Taes, Y.E., Pottier, A. (2009). Dietary argininesupplementation speeds pulmonary VO2 kineticsduring cycle exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 41 (8):1626-32.
  • Krustrup, P., Mohr, M., Amstrup, T. (2003). The Yo–Yo intermittent recovery test: physiological response, reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 35, 697–705
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  • Lane, S. C., Hawley, J. A., Desbrow, B., Jones, A. M., Blackwell, J. R., Ross, M. L., Burke, L. M. (2013). Single and combined effects of beetroot juice and caffeine supplementation on cycling time trial performance. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 39(9), 1050-1057.
  • Lansley, K.E., Winyard, P.G., Bailey, S.J. (2011). Acute dietary nitrate supplementation improves cycling time trial performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 43(6), 1125–1131
  • Lansley, K.E., Winyard, P.G., Fulford, J. (2011). Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces the O2 cost of walking and running: a placbo-controlled study. J Appl Physiol,110(3), 591–600.
  • Lundberg, J.O., Govoni, M. (2004). Inorganic nitrate is a possible source for systemic generation of nitric oxide. Free Radic Biol Med, 37, 395–400.
  • Lundberg, J.O., Weitzberg, E. (2009). NO generation from inorganic nitrate and nitrite: Role in physiology, nutrition and therapeutics. Arch. Pharm. Res, 32, 1119-1126.
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  • Masschelein, E., VanThienen, R., Wang, X. (2012). Dietary nitrate improves muscle but not cerebral oxygenation status during exercise in hypoxia. J Appl Physiol 113(5), 736–745.
  • Mensinga, T.T., Speijers, G.J., Meulenbelt, J. (2003). Health implications of exposure to environmental nitrogenous compounds. Toxicol. Rev., 22(1), 41-51.
  • Modin, A., Bjorne, H., Herulf, M. (2001). Nitrite-derived nitric oxide: a possible mediator of ‘acidic-metabolic’ vasodilation. Acta Physiol Scand, 171, 9–16.
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  • Muggeridge, D.J, Howe, C.C, Spendiff, O. (2013). The effects of a single dose of concentrated beetroot juice on performance in trained flatwater kayakers. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 23(5), 498-506.
  • Muggeridge, D., Howe, C.C., Spendiff, O. (2014). A single dose of beetroot juice enhances cycling performance in simulated altitude. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 46(1), 143-150.
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  • Ormsbee, M. J., Lox, J., Arciero, P. J. (2013). Beetroot juice and exercise performance. Nutrition and Dietary Supplements, 5, 27-35.
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  • Wylie, L.J., Mohr, M., Krustrup, P. (2013). Dietary nitrate supplementation improves team sport-specific intense intermittent exercise performance. European journal of applied physiology, 113(7), 1673-1684.
  • Wylie, L. J., Bailey, S. J., Kelly, J., Blackwell, J. R., Vanhatalo, A., Jones, A. M. (2016). Influence of beetroot juice supplementation on intermittent exercise performance. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 116(2), 415-425. doi:10.1007/s00421-015-3296-4
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THE EFFECTS OF NITRATE CONSUMPTION THROUGH BEETROOT JUICE ON PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE AND HEALTH

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 4, 14 - 27, 30.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.576675

Öz

In recent years,
beetroot juice has started to increase its popularity in sports nutrition due
to its high nitrate content from nutrition applications to increase the oxygen
transport to active muscles. Several studies in the literature show that
beetroot juice consumption improves performance in various sport branches and
may have benefits to improve general public health. The aim of this study is to
demonstrate the effectiveness of beetroot consumption on athletic performance
and to explain possible mechanisms of action.

Kaynakça

  • Alvares, T.S., Meirelles, C.M., Bhambhani, Y.N. (2011). L-Arginine as a potential ergogenic aid in healthy subjects. Sports Med, 41, 233-248.
  • Appel, L.J., Moore, T.J., Obarzanek, E., (1997). A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH collaborative research group. New England Journal of Medicine, 336, 1117-1124
  • Arnold, J.T., Oliver, S.J., Lewis-Jones, T.M. (2015). Beetroot juice does not enhance altitude running performance in well-trained athletes. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 40(6), 590-595.
  • Aucouturier, J., Boissiere, J., Pawlak-Chaouch, M., Cuvelier, G., Gamelin, F. X. (2015). Effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on tolerance to supramaximal intensity intermittent exercise. Nitric Oxide-Biol Ch, 49, 16-25. doi:10.1016/j.niox.2015.05.004
  • Bailey, S.J., Fulford, J., Vanhatalo, A. (2010). Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances muscle contractile efficiency during knee-extensor exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol, 109(1):135–148
  • Bailey, S.J., Winyard, P., Vanhatalo, A. (2010). Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces the O2 cost of low-intensity exercise and enhances tolerance to high-intensity exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol, 109 (5): 1394-403
  • Bangsbo, J., Krustrup, P., Gonzalez-Alonso, J., Saltin, B. (2001). ATP production and efficiency of human skeletal muscle during intense exercise: effect of previous exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 280, 956–964.
  • Besco, R., Sureda, A., Tur, J. A., Pons, A. (2012). The effect of nitric-oxide-related supplements on human performance. Sports medicine, 42(2), 99-117.
  • Bescos, R., Gonzalez-Haro, C., Pujol, P. (2009). Effects of dietary L-arginine intake on cardiorespiratory and metabolic adaptation in athletes. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 19, 355-365.
  • Bloomer, R.J., Farney, T.M., Trepanowski, J.F. (2010). Comparison of pre-workout nitric oxide stimulating dietary supplements on skeletal muscle oxygen saturation, bloodnitrate/nitrite, lipid peroxidation, and upper body exercise performance in resistance trained men. J Int Soc Sports Nutr; 7, 16.
  • Bond, H., Morton, L., Braakhuis, A.J. (2012). Dietary nitrate supplementation improves rowing performance in well-trained rowers. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab., 22(4), 251–256.
  • Boorsma, R.K., Whitfield, J., Spriet, L.L. (2014). Beetroot juice supplementation does not improve performance of elite 1500-m runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 46(12), 2326-34.
  • Buck, C. L., Henry, T., Guelfi, K., Dawson, B., McNaughton, L. R., Wallman, K. (2015). Effects of sodium phosphate and beetroot juice supplementation on repeated-sprint ability in females. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 115(10), 2205-2213. doi:10.1007/s00421-015-3201-1
  • Byran, N.S., Hord, N.G. (2010). Dietary Nitrates and nitrates in: Bryan N(ed), Food Nutrition and the Nitric Oxide pathway. Destech Pub Inc: Lancaster, PA, pp 59-77.
  • Cai, Y.Z., Sun, M., Corke, H. (2005). Characterization and application of betalain pigments from plants of the Amaranthaceae. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 16, 370–376.
  • Cermak, N.M., Gibala, M.J., Van Loon, L.J. (2012). Nitrate supplementation’s improvement of 10-km time-trial performance in trained cyclists. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 22(1), 64–71.
  • Cermak, N.M., Res, P., Stinkens, R. (2012). No improvement in endurance performance after a single dose of beetroot juice. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 22(6), 470–478.
  • Christensen, P.M., Nyberg, M., Bangsbo, J. (2013). Influence of nitrate supplementation on VO2 kinetics and endurance of elite cyclists. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 23(1), 21–31.
  • Clifford, T., Allerton, D. M., Brown, M. A. (2016). Minimal muscle damage after a marathon and no influence of beetroot juice on inflammation and recovery. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 42(3), 263-270.
  • Çetin, E., Dölek, B.E., Orhan, Ö. (2008). Gazi üniversitesi beden eğitimi ve spor yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin ergojenik yardımcılar, doping ve sağlık hakkındaki bilgi ve alışkanlıklarının belirlenmesi. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(3), 129-132.
  • Dejam, A., Hunter, C.J., Schechter, A.N. (2004). Emerging role of nitrite in human biology. Blood Cells Mol Dis, 32, 423–9.
  • Dolek, B.E., Bosi, T.B. (2019). Examination of attitudes of sports science faculty students about energy drinks, sports drinks and ergogenic substances. Journal of Education and Learning, 8(5), 241-247.
  • Duncan, C., Dougall, H., Johnston, P. (1995). Chemical generation of nitric oxide in the mouth from the enterosalivary circulation of dietary nitrate. Nat Med, 1, 546–51.
  • Eggebeen, J., Kim-Shapiro, D. B., Haykowsky, M., Morgan, T. M., Basu, S., Brubaker, P., Kitzman, D. W. (2016). One week of daily dosing with beetroot juice improves submaximal endurance and blood pressure in older patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. JACC: Heart Failure, 4(6), 428-437.
  • Esatbeyoglu, T., Wagner, A. E., Schini-Kerth, V. B., Rimbach, G. (2015). Betanin A food colorant with biological activity. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 59, 36–47.
  • Felippe, L.C., Lopes-Silva, J.P., Bertuzzi, R., McGinley, C., Lima-Silva, A.E. (2016). Separate and combined effects of caffeine and sodium-bicarbonate intake on judo performance. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 11:221–6
  • Flanagan, S. D., Looney, D. P., Miller, M. J., DuPont, W. H., Pryor, L., Creighton, B. C., Kraemer, W. J. (2016). The Effects of Nitrate-Rich Supplementation on Neuromuscular Efficiency during Heavy Resistance Exercise. J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 35(2), 100-107. doi:10.1080/07315724.2015.1081572
  • Gilchrist, M., Winyard, P.G., Benjamin, N. (2010). Dietary nitrate good or bad? Nitric Oxide, 22, 104–109.
  • Govoni, M., Jansson, E.A., Weitzberg, E. (2008). The increase in plasma nitrite after a dietary nitrate load is markedly attenuated by an antibacterial mouthwash. Nitric Oxide, 19:333–7.
  • Hernandez, A., Schiffer, T.A., Ivarsson, N. (2012). Dietary nitrate increases tetanic [Ca2+]i and contractile force in mouse fasttwitch muscle. J Physiol, 590, 3575–3583
  • Hoon, M. W., Jones, A. M., Johnson, N. A., Blackwell, J. R., Broad, E. M., Lundy, B., Burke, L. M. (2014). The effect of variable doses of inorganic nitrate-rich beetroot juice on simulated 2000-m rowing performance in trained athletes. International Journal Of Sports Physiology And Performance, 9(4), 615-620.
  • Hord, N.G., Tang, Y., Bryan, N.S. (2009). Food sources of nitrates and nitrites: the physiologic context for potential health benefits. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 90, 1–10.
  • Jones, A.M. (2014). Dietary Nitrate Supplementation and Exercise Performance. Sports Med, 44 (Suppl 1), 35–45.
  • Jones, A.M. (2016). Dıetary Nıtrıc Oxıde Precursors And Exercıse Performance. Sports Science Exchange, 28 (156), 1-6.
  • Joyner, M.J., Tschakovsky, M.E. (2003). Nitric oxide and physiologic vasodilation in human limbs: where do we go from here? Can J Appl Physiol, 28, 475–490.
  • Kelly, J., Vanhatalo, A., Wilkerson, D.P., Wylie, L.J., Jones, A.M. (2013). Effects of nitrate on the power-duration relationship for severe-intensity exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 45(9), 1798–1806.
  • Kenjale, A.A., Ham, K.L., Stabler T. (2011). Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances exercise performance in peripheral arterial disease. J Appl Physiol, 110, 1582–1591.
  • Kilit, B., Arslan, E. (2017). Physiological responses and time-motion characteristics of young tennis players: comparison of serve vs. return games and winners vs. losers matches. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport 17(5):684-694.
  • Kilit, B., Arslan, E. (2019). Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training Vs. On-Court Tennis Training in Young Tennis Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(1), 188-196.
  • Kindig, C.A., McDonough, P., Erickson, H.H., et al. (2002). Nitric oxide synthase inhibition speeds oxygen uptake kinetics in horses during moderate domain running. Respir Physiol Neurobiol, 132, 169–78.
  • King, D.E., Mainous, A.G., Geesey, M.E. (2008). Variation in L-arginine intake follow demographics and lifestyle factors that may impact cardiovascular disease risk. Nutr Res, 28 (1), 21-4
  • Koppo, K., Taes, Y.E., Pottier, A. (2009). Dietary argininesupplementation speeds pulmonary VO2 kineticsduring cycle exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 41 (8):1626-32.
  • Krustrup, P., Mohr, M., Amstrup, T. (2003). The Yo–Yo intermittent recovery test: physiological response, reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 35, 697–705
  • Lacerda, A.C.R., Marubayashi, U., Balthazar, C.H. (2006). Evidence that brain nitric oxide inhibition increases metabolic cost of exercise, reducing running performance in rats. Neurosci Lett, 393, 260–3.
  • Lane, S. C., Hawley, J. A., Desbrow, B., Jones, A. M., Blackwell, J. R., Ross, M. L., Burke, L. M. (2013). Single and combined effects of beetroot juice and caffeine supplementation on cycling time trial performance. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 39(9), 1050-1057.
  • Lansley, K.E., Winyard, P.G., Bailey, S.J. (2011). Acute dietary nitrate supplementation improves cycling time trial performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 43(6), 1125–1131
  • Lansley, K.E., Winyard, P.G., Fulford, J. (2011). Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces the O2 cost of walking and running: a placbo-controlled study. J Appl Physiol,110(3), 591–600.
  • Lundberg, J.O., Govoni, M. (2004). Inorganic nitrate is a possible source for systemic generation of nitric oxide. Free Radic Biol Med, 37, 395–400.
  • Lundberg, J.O., Weitzberg, E. (2009). NO generation from inorganic nitrate and nitrite: Role in physiology, nutrition and therapeutics. Arch. Pharm. Res, 32, 1119-1126.
  • Lundberg, J.O., Weitzberg, E., Lundberg, J.M., Alving, K. (1994). Intragastric nitric oxide production in humans: measurements in expelled air. Gut 35, 1543-1546.
  • Masschelein, E., VanThienen, R., Wang, X. (2012). Dietary nitrate improves muscle but not cerebral oxygenation status during exercise in hypoxia. J Appl Physiol 113(5), 736–745.
  • Mensinga, T.T., Speijers, G.J., Meulenbelt, J. (2003). Health implications of exposure to environmental nitrogenous compounds. Toxicol. Rev., 22(1), 41-51.
  • Modin, A., Bjorne, H., Herulf, M. (2001). Nitrite-derived nitric oxide: a possible mediator of ‘acidic-metabolic’ vasodilation. Acta Physiol Scand, 171, 9–16.
  • Mohr, M., Krustrup, P., Bangsbo, J. (2003). Match performance of high standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue. J Sports Sci, 21, 519–528
  • Moncada, S., Higgs, A. (1993). The L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway. N. Engl. J. Med, 329, 2002-2012.
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  • Muggeridge, D.J, Howe, C.C, Spendiff, O. (2013). The effects of a single dose of concentrated beetroot juice on performance in trained flatwater kayakers. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 23(5), 498-506.
  • Muggeridge, D., Howe, C.C., Spendiff, O. (2014). A single dose of beetroot juice enhances cycling performance in simulated altitude. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 46(1), 143-150.
  • Nicholas, F.M., Michael, D.L., Toby, G.P. (2017). The Effect of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Endurance Exercise Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med, 47, 735–756.
  • Ormsbee, M. J., Lox, J., Arciero, P. J. (2013). Beetroot juice and exercise performance. Nutrition and Dietary Supplements, 5, 27-35.
  • Pinna, M., Roberto, S., Milia, R, et al. (2014): Effect of beetroot juice supplementation on aerobic response during swimming. Nutrients, 6(2), 605-615.
  • Ravichandran, K., Saw, N. M. M. T., Mohdaly, A. A., Gabr, A. M., Kastell, A., Riedel, H., Cai, Z., Knorr, D., Smetanska, I. (2013). Impact of processing of red beet on betalain content and antioxidant activity. Food Research International, 50, 670–675.
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  • Tongnuanchan, P., Benjakul, S., Prodpran, T. (2012). Properties and antioxidant activity of fish skin gelatin film incorporated with citrus essential oils. Food Chemistry, 134, 1571–1579.
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  • Vanhatalo, A., Fulford, J., Bailey, S.J. (2011). Dietary nitrate reduces muscle metabolic perturbation and improves exercise tolerance in hypoxia. J Physiol, 589 (Pt 22): 5517–5528.
  • Webb, A.J., Loukogeorgakis, S., Okorie, M. (2008). Acute blood pressure lowering, vasoprotective, and antiplatelet properties of dietary nitrate via bioconversion to nitrite. Hypertension, 51, 784-90
  • Wettasinghe, M., Bolling, B., Plhak, L., Xiao, H. Parkin, K. (2002). Phase II enzymeinducing and antioxidant activities of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) extracts from phenotypes of different pigmentation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, 6704–6709.
  • Wilkerson, D.P., Hayward, G.M., Bailey, S.J., et al (2012). Influence of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on 50 mile time trial performance in well-trained cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol, 112(12), 4127–4134.
  • Wootton-Beard, P. C., Ryan, L. (2011). A beetroot juice shot is a significant and convenient source of bioaccessible antioxidants. Journal of Functional Foods, 3, 329–334.
  • Wu, J., Chen, S., Ge, S., Miao, J., Li, J., Zhang, Q. (2013). Preparation, properties and antioxidant activity of an active film from silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) skin gelatin incorporated with green tea extract. Food Hydrocolloids, 32, 42–51.
  • Wylie, L.J., Kelly, J., Bailey, S.J. (2013). Beetroot juice and exercise: pharmacodynamic and dose-response relationships. J Appl Physiol,115(3):325–336.
  • Wylie, L.J., Mohr, M., Krustrup, P. (2013). Dietary nitrate supplementation improves team sport-specific intense intermittent exercise performance. European journal of applied physiology, 113(7), 1673-1684.
  • Wylie, L. J., Bailey, S. J., Kelly, J., Blackwell, J. R., Vanhatalo, A., Jones, A. M. (2016). Influence of beetroot juice supplementation on intermittent exercise performance. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 116(2), 415-425. doi:10.1007/s00421-015-3296-4
  • Zamani, P., Rawat, D., Shiva-Kumar, P. (2015). Effect of inorganic nitrate on exercise capacity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Circulation, 131, 371-80.
Toplam 83 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Recep Aydın 0000-0001-8755-226X

Fırat Akça 0000-0002-0764-105X

Dicle Aras 0000-0002-9443-9860

Mine Baydan 0000-0003-2836-0799

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Aydın, R., Akça, F., Aras, D., Baydan, M. (2019). KIRMIZI PANCAR SUYU YOLUYLA NİTRAT TÜKETİMİNİN FİZYOLOJİK PERFORMANS VE SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(4), 14-27. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.576675

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