KIZILAĞAÇ VE KAVAKTAN ÜRETİLEN TABAKALI KAPLAMA KERESTELERİN MEKANİK VE FİZİKSEL ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNE TABAKA KOMBİNASYONUNUN ETKİSİ
Öz
Lamine kaplama kereste (LVL) inşaat yapılarında kiriş, döşeme kirişi, başlıklar ve paneller olarak kullanılan bir mühendislik ürünü ağaç malzemedir. Bu çalışmada kızılağaç ve kavak’tan üretilen LVL’lerin fırın kurusu yoğunluk, denge rutubet miktarı, kalınlığına şişme ve su alma, çekme-makaslama direnci eğilme direnci, eğilmede elastikiyet modülü ve liflere paralel basınç direnci özellikleri üzerine tabaka kombinasyonunun etkisi incelenmiştir. LVL üretiminde kızılağaç kaplamaları, kavak kaplamaları ve üre formaldehit tutkalı kullanılmıştır. 10 faklı kombinasyonda LVL üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. LVL’lerin fırın kurusu yoğunluğu, denge rutubet miktarı, kalınlığına şişme ve su alma, çekme-makaslama direnci, eğilme direnci, eğilmede elastikiyet modülü ve liflere paralel basınç direnci değerleri sırasıyla TS 2472, TS 2471, TS EN 317, EN 314-1, TS 2474 and TS 2595 standartlarına göre belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda en yüksek eğilme direnci, eğilmede elastikiyet modülü, liflere paralel basınç direnci ve yoğunluk değerleri tüm tabakalarda kızılağaç kullanılan LVL’ler de elde edilmiştir. En yüksek çekme-makaslama direnci tüm tabakalarda kavak kullanılan LVL’lerde bulunmuştur. LVL üretiminde kavak kaplama kullanımının artması ile kalınlığına şişme ve su alma miktarında artış gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca laminasyonda kızılağaç kaplama kullanımının artması eğilme direnci, eğilmede elastikiyet modülü, liflere paralel basınç direnci ve yoğunluk değerlerini artırdığı gözlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Tabakalı kaplama kereste (LVL) kızılağaç kavak tabaka kombinasyonu mekanik ve fiziksel özellikler.
Destekleyen Kurum
Kahramanmaraş sütçü imam üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi
Proje Numarası
2018/2-37 D
Kaynakça
- Altinok M. (2002). The effects of layers symmetry in laminated wood on the bending strength. J Inst Sci Technol (15):385–92.
- As, N., Koç, H., Doğu, D., Atik, C., Aksu. B., Erdinler, S., (2001). Türkiye’de Yetişen Endüstriyel Öneme Sahip Ağaçların Anatomik,Fiziksel, Mekanik ve Kimyasal Özellikleri, İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi dergisi. 51 (1): 71-88.
- ASTM D899. (1994). Standard test method for applied weight per unit area of liquid adhesive, American Society for Testing Materials, Philadelphia.
- Aydin I, Çolak S, Çolakoğlu G, Salih E. A. (2004). comparative study on some physical and mechanical properties of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) produced from beech (Fagus orientalis lipsky) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis dehn.) veneers. Holz Roh Werkst. 218–20.
- Bal, B.C. (2011). Okaliptus (Eucalyptus Grandis) Odununun Fiziksel ve Mekanik Özellikleri ve Lamine Ağaç Malzeme Üretiminde Kullanılması Üzerine Araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kahramanmaraş. 158s.
- Bal, B.C., Bektaş, İ., (2013). Some physical properties of laminated veneer lumbers (LVLs) produced from rotary-peeled veneers of eucalyptus, beech, and poplar, A.Ç.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 14: 25-35.
- Bao, F., Fu, F., Choong, E.T., Hse, C., (2001). Contribution Factor of Wood Properties of Three Poplar Clones to Stregth of Laminated veneer lumber, Wood Fiber Sci. 33 (3), 345-352.
- Bas, HA. (1995). A study of physical and mechanical attributes and available uses of laminated red pine (Pinus brutia ten). Master’s thesis, Hacettepe University, Institute of Science and Technology, Ankara, p. 3–6.
- Burdurlu, E., Kılıç, M., İlce, A.C., Uzunkavak, O., (2007). The Effect of Ply Organization and Loading Direction on Bending Stregth and Modulus of Elasticity in Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) Obtained from Beech (Fagus orientalis L.) and Lombardy Poplar (Populus nigra L.), Contruction and Building Materials. 21: 1720-1725.
- Celebi G, Kilic¸ M. (2004).Determination of performance characteristics of composite laminated construction material produced from beech and poplar. The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Ankara, Project No. 1021022, Ictag-I 671.
- Celebi G, Kilic¸ M. (2005). Nail and screw withdrawal strength of laminated veneer lumber made up of hardwood and softwood layers. Constr Build Mater 2006. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.12.015
- Cırrık, Ö., Demir, A., Aydın, İ. (2017). The Effect of Layer Orientation on Some Technological Properties of Layered Wood Materials. İleri Teknoloji Bilimleri Dergisi., 6(3): 646-651.
- Çolak, S., Çolakoğlu, G., Aydın, İ., (2007). Effects of logs steaming, veneer drying and aging on the mechanical properties of laminated veneer lumber (LVL), Building And Environment 42: 93–98s.
- Dallı, G., (2005). Türkiye’de kaplama tabakalı kereste (LVL) üretim imkanlarının araştırılması ve teknolojik özellikleri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul Üniveritesi. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. İstanbul. 103s.
- Demir, A., Öztürk, H., ÇOLAK, S. (2017). Some Technological Properties Of Plywood Produced From Beech, Poplar And Birch Rotary Cut Veneers With Nylon Waste In Different Combinations. İleri Teknoloji Bilimleri Dergisi., 6(3): 515-521.
- Döngel N. (1999). Effect of wood types, number of plies, and glue types on bending strength of laminated lumber. Master’s thesis, Gazi University, Institute of Science and Technology, Ankara, p. 25–6.
- EN314-1. (2004). Plywood-Bonding quality Part 1: Test methods, European Standardization Committee, Brussels.
- Kılıç ve ark., (2006). An investigation of some physical and mechanical properties of laminated veneer lumber manufactured from black alder (Alnus glutinosa) glued with polyvinyl acetate and polyurethane adhesives. Forest products journal.56,9.
- Kilic¸ Y. Studies on physical mechanical properties and end using possibilities in furniture industry of laminated alder wood. Master’s thesis, Hacettepe University, Institute of Science and Technology, Ankara, 1997. p. 97–108.
- Kurt, R., (2010). Suitability of Three Hybrid Poplar Clones for Laminated Veneer Lumber Manufacturing Using Melamine Ürea Formaldehyde Adhesive, Bioresources. 5 (3), 1868-1878.
- Marx CM, Moody RC. (1982). Effects of lumber width and tension laminated quality on the bending strength of four ply laminated beams. Forest Prod J;32(1):45–52.
- Nelson, S. (1997). Structural composite lumber, In: Engineered Wood Products: A Guide for Specifiers, Designers, and Users, Smulski, S. (Ed.), PFS Research Foundation, Madison, 147-152.
- Nemli, G. ve Çolak, S., (2002) Melamine and urea formaldehyde glue in the laminate industry, Wood Machinery, 4,46-48.
- Pizzi, A., (1983). Wood Adhesives: Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 1, Marcel Dekker, New York.
- Senay A. (1996). Technological properties of laminated wood material. PhD thesis, Istanbul University, Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul, p. 40–75.
- Strickler MD, Pellerin RF. (1971). Tension proof loading of finger joint for laminated beams. Forest Prod J;21(2):10–5.
- Tichy, R.J. and Bodig, G.F. (1978). Flexural properties of glued laminated lodgepole pine dimension lumber. Forest Prod J. 29 (9), 52-64.
- TS EN 317 (1993). Particleboards and fibreboards- Determination of swelling in thickness after immersion in water. Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara.
- TS 2471. (1976b). Wood, determination of moisture content for physical and mechanical tests, Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara.
- TS 2472. (1976a). Wood, determination of density for physical and mechanical tests, Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara.
- TS 2474. (1976). ʺWood - Determination of Ultimate Strength in Static Bendingʺ Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara.
- TS 2595. (1977). Wood, determination of ultimate stress in compression parallel to grain, Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara.
- Youngquist JA, Laufenberg TL, Bryant BS. (1984). End jointing of laminated veneer lumber for structural use. Forest Prod J;34(11–12):25–32.
- Wang, BJ., Dai, C., (2005). Hot-pressing stress graded aspen veneer for laminated veneer lumber (LVL), Holzforschung, 59: 10–17.
THE EFFECT OF PLY COMBINATION ON MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES IN LAMINATED VENEER LUMBER (LVL) MANUFACTURED FROM ALDER AND POPLAR
Öz
Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) is an engineering product material used as girders, beams, joist, headers, panels, etc. in construction. In this study, the effect of ply combination on oven-dry specific gravity, equilibrium moisture content, thickness swelling and water absorption, tensile-shear strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and compression strength parallel to grain of LVL manufactured from alder and poplar was investigated. Alder veneer, poplar veneer and urea formaldehyde glue were used in LVL production. LVLs were produced in a total of 10 different combinations. Oven-dry specific gravity, equilibrium moisture content, thickness swelling and water absorption, tensile-shear strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and compression strength parallel to grain of test samples were determined according to TS 2472, TS 2471, TS EN 317, EN 314-1, TS 2474 and TS 2595, respectively. Based on this study, the highest modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, compression strength and oven dry specific gravity values were obtained with alder veneers used in all plies. On the other hand, the highest tensile-shear strength values were obtained with poplar veneers used in all plies. With the rising in the use of poplar veneer in LVL production, an increase in the amount of thickness swelling and water absorption was observed. It was also observed that as contribution rate of alder veneer in lamination increases, oven dry specific gravity, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and compression strength values were increased.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) alder poplar ply combination mechanical and physical properties.
Proje Numarası
2018/2-37 D
Kaynakça
- Altinok M. (2002). The effects of layers symmetry in laminated wood on the bending strength. J Inst Sci Technol (15):385–92.
- As, N., Koç, H., Doğu, D., Atik, C., Aksu. B., Erdinler, S., (2001). Türkiye’de Yetişen Endüstriyel Öneme Sahip Ağaçların Anatomik,Fiziksel, Mekanik ve Kimyasal Özellikleri, İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi dergisi. 51 (1): 71-88.
- ASTM D899. (1994). Standard test method for applied weight per unit area of liquid adhesive, American Society for Testing Materials, Philadelphia.
- Aydin I, Çolak S, Çolakoğlu G, Salih E. A. (2004). comparative study on some physical and mechanical properties of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) produced from beech (Fagus orientalis lipsky) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis dehn.) veneers. Holz Roh Werkst. 218–20.
- Bal, B.C. (2011). Okaliptus (Eucalyptus Grandis) Odununun Fiziksel ve Mekanik Özellikleri ve Lamine Ağaç Malzeme Üretiminde Kullanılması Üzerine Araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Kahramanmaraş. 158s.
- Bal, B.C., Bektaş, İ., (2013). Some physical properties of laminated veneer lumbers (LVLs) produced from rotary-peeled veneers of eucalyptus, beech, and poplar, A.Ç.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 14: 25-35.
- Bao, F., Fu, F., Choong, E.T., Hse, C., (2001). Contribution Factor of Wood Properties of Three Poplar Clones to Stregth of Laminated veneer lumber, Wood Fiber Sci. 33 (3), 345-352.
- Bas, HA. (1995). A study of physical and mechanical attributes and available uses of laminated red pine (Pinus brutia ten). Master’s thesis, Hacettepe University, Institute of Science and Technology, Ankara, p. 3–6.
- Burdurlu, E., Kılıç, M., İlce, A.C., Uzunkavak, O., (2007). The Effect of Ply Organization and Loading Direction on Bending Stregth and Modulus of Elasticity in Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) Obtained from Beech (Fagus orientalis L.) and Lombardy Poplar (Populus nigra L.), Contruction and Building Materials. 21: 1720-1725.
- Celebi G, Kilic¸ M. (2004).Determination of performance characteristics of composite laminated construction material produced from beech and poplar. The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Ankara, Project No. 1021022, Ictag-I 671.
- Celebi G, Kilic¸ M. (2005). Nail and screw withdrawal strength of laminated veneer lumber made up of hardwood and softwood layers. Constr Build Mater 2006. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.12.015
- Cırrık, Ö., Demir, A., Aydın, İ. (2017). The Effect of Layer Orientation on Some Technological Properties of Layered Wood Materials. İleri Teknoloji Bilimleri Dergisi., 6(3): 646-651.
- Çolak, S., Çolakoğlu, G., Aydın, İ., (2007). Effects of logs steaming, veneer drying and aging on the mechanical properties of laminated veneer lumber (LVL), Building And Environment 42: 93–98s.
- Dallı, G., (2005). Türkiye’de kaplama tabakalı kereste (LVL) üretim imkanlarının araştırılması ve teknolojik özellikleri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul Üniveritesi. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. İstanbul. 103s.
- Demir, A., Öztürk, H., ÇOLAK, S. (2017). Some Technological Properties Of Plywood Produced From Beech, Poplar And Birch Rotary Cut Veneers With Nylon Waste In Different Combinations. İleri Teknoloji Bilimleri Dergisi., 6(3): 515-521.
- Döngel N. (1999). Effect of wood types, number of plies, and glue types on bending strength of laminated lumber. Master’s thesis, Gazi University, Institute of Science and Technology, Ankara, p. 25–6.
- EN314-1. (2004). Plywood-Bonding quality Part 1: Test methods, European Standardization Committee, Brussels.
- Kılıç ve ark., (2006). An investigation of some physical and mechanical properties of laminated veneer lumber manufactured from black alder (Alnus glutinosa) glued with polyvinyl acetate and polyurethane adhesives. Forest products journal.56,9.
- Kilic¸ Y. Studies on physical mechanical properties and end using possibilities in furniture industry of laminated alder wood. Master’s thesis, Hacettepe University, Institute of Science and Technology, Ankara, 1997. p. 97–108.
- Kurt, R., (2010). Suitability of Three Hybrid Poplar Clones for Laminated Veneer Lumber Manufacturing Using Melamine Ürea Formaldehyde Adhesive, Bioresources. 5 (3), 1868-1878.
- Marx CM, Moody RC. (1982). Effects of lumber width and tension laminated quality on the bending strength of four ply laminated beams. Forest Prod J;32(1):45–52.
- Nelson, S. (1997). Structural composite lumber, In: Engineered Wood Products: A Guide for Specifiers, Designers, and Users, Smulski, S. (Ed.), PFS Research Foundation, Madison, 147-152.
- Nemli, G. ve Çolak, S., (2002) Melamine and urea formaldehyde glue in the laminate industry, Wood Machinery, 4,46-48.
- Pizzi, A., (1983). Wood Adhesives: Chemistry and Technology, Vol. 1, Marcel Dekker, New York.
- Senay A. (1996). Technological properties of laminated wood material. PhD thesis, Istanbul University, Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul, p. 40–75.
- Strickler MD, Pellerin RF. (1971). Tension proof loading of finger joint for laminated beams. Forest Prod J;21(2):10–5.
- Tichy, R.J. and Bodig, G.F. (1978). Flexural properties of glued laminated lodgepole pine dimension lumber. Forest Prod J. 29 (9), 52-64.
- TS EN 317 (1993). Particleboards and fibreboards- Determination of swelling in thickness after immersion in water. Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara.
- TS 2471. (1976b). Wood, determination of moisture content for physical and mechanical tests, Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara.
- TS 2472. (1976a). Wood, determination of density for physical and mechanical tests, Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara.
- TS 2474. (1976). ʺWood - Determination of Ultimate Strength in Static Bendingʺ Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara.
- TS 2595. (1977). Wood, determination of ultimate stress in compression parallel to grain, Turkish Standard Institution, Ankara.
- Youngquist JA, Laufenberg TL, Bryant BS. (1984). End jointing of laminated veneer lumber for structural use. Forest Prod J;34(11–12):25–32.
- Wang, BJ., Dai, C., (2005). Hot-pressing stress graded aspen veneer for laminated veneer lumber (LVL), Holzforschung, 59: 10–17.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Kereste, Hamur ve Kağıt |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | 2018/2-37 D |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Ekim 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2 |