Araştırma Makalesi
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Zigana Dağı (Gümüşhane, KD Türkiye) Dayklarının Jeokimyası ve Jeolojik Anlamı

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 40 Sayı: 3, 293 - 325, 27.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.17824/yerbilimleri.633036

Öz

Eski
bir magmatik yayı olan Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi (Pontidler) Sakarya Zonu içinde
yer alan andezit ve porfirik dasit daykları Geç Kretase yaşlı volkanitleri
kesmektedir. Andezit ve porfirik dasit daykları porfirik doku sergilemektedir.
Andezitler başlıca plajiyoklas ve ojit minerallerinden ibaret olup,
plajiyoklaslar elek dokusu ve polisentetik ikizlenme göstermektedir. Ojit
minerallerinin kenar kısımlarında opak mineral oluşumları yaygındır. Porfirik
dasitler ise kuvars, plajiyoklas, amfibol ve biyotit minerallerinden oluşmakta
olup, kuvars kristallerinin kenarları kısmen yenmiştir. Plajiyoklaslar yaygın
olarak serizitleşmiş, daha az oranda kalsitleşmiştir. Amfiboller hidrotermal
ayrışma sonucu klorit, karbonat (kalsit ve ankerit) ve opak minerallere,
biyotitler ise genel olarak kloritlere dönüşmüştür. Ana oksit ve iz element
değişim diyagramlarındaki düzgün yönsemeleri ve mineral ayrımlaşma
diyagramlarındaki durumları, daykların gelişiminde fraksiyonel kristalleşmenin
etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Plajiyoklas ve ojit ayrımlaşmasının andezit
daykların gelişiminde, hornblend ve plajiyoklas ayrımlaşmasının ise porfirik
dasitlerin gelişiminde etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Zenginleşmiş okyanus ortası sırtı bazaltlara (Z-OOSB) göre
normalleştirilmiş iz element diyagramında negatif Nb, P2O5
ve TiO2 anomalileri olup, büyük iyon çaplı elementler (BİYE) yüksek
çekim alanlı elementlere (YÇAE) nazaran daha fazla zenginleşmiştir. Düşük
Nb/U ile yüksek La/Nb ve Th/Nb oranları, andezit ve porfirik dasit dayklarının kıtasal
kabuk kirlenmesinden etkilendiğini belirtmektedir. Sonuç olarak, daykların yay
ortamında, Geç Kretase sonlarına doğru benzer kökenli ve yitim ilişkili
metazomatize olmuş bir manto kaynağından türemiş oldukları düşünülmektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Fonu (BAP)

Proje Numarası

2001.112.005.1

Teşekkür

Birinci sıradaki yazarın doktora çalışmasının bir bölümünü kapsayan bu çalışma, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Fonu (BAP) tarafından 2001.112.005.1 nolu proje ile desteklenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Adamia, S.A., Lordkipanidze, M.B. and Zakariadze, G.S., 1977. Evolution of an active continental margin as examplified by the Alpine history of Caucasus. Tectonophysics, 40, 183-199.
  • Akaryalı, E. and Akbulut, K., 2016. Constraints of C-O-S isotope compositions and the origin of the Ünlüpınar volcanic-hosted epithermal Pb-Zn±Au deposit, Gümüşhane, NE Turkey. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 117, 119-134.
  • Akaryalı, E., 2016. Geochemical, fluid inclusion and isotopic (O, H and S) constraints on the origin of Pb-Zn±Au vein-type mineralizations in the Eastern Pontides Orogenic Belt (NE Turkey). Ore Geology Reviews, 74, 1-14.
  • Akıncı, Ö.T., 1984. The Eastern Pontide volcano-sedimentary belt and associated massive sulphide deposits. In: J.E. Dixon and A.H.F. Robertson (eds.), The Geological Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17, 415-428.
  • Arslan, M., Tüysüz, N., Korkmaz, S. and Kurt, H., 1997. Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the eastern pontide volcanic rocks, Northeast Turkey. Chemie der Erde/Geochemistry, 57, 157-187.
  • Aydın, F., Karslı, O. and Chen, B., 2008. Petrogenesis of the Neogene alkaline volcanics with implications for post collisional lithospheric thinning of the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. Lithos, 104, 249-266.
  • Aydınçakır, E., 2014. The petrogenesis of Early Eocene non-adakitic volcanism in NE Turkey: Constraints on the geodynamic implications. Lithos, 208-209, 361-377.
  • Aydınçakır, E., 2016. Subduction-related Late Cretaceous high-K volcanism in the Central Pontides orogenic belt: Constraints on geodynamic implications, Geodinamica Acta, 28(4), 379-411.
  • Barrett, T.J. and MacLean, W.H., 1991. Chemical, mass, and oxygen isotope changes during extreme hydrothermal alteration of an Archean rhyolite, Noranda, Quebec. Economic Geology, 86 (2), 406-414.
  • Barrett, T.J., Cattalani, S. and MacLean, W.H., 1993. Volcanic lithogeochemistry and alteration at the Delbridge massive sulfide deposit, Noranda, Quebec. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 48 (2), 135-173.
  • Barrett, T.J., Cattalani, S., Hoy, L., Riopel, J. and Lafleur, P.-J., 1992. Massive sulfide deposits of the Noranda area, Quebec. IV. The Mobrun mine. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 29, 1349-1374.
  • Bektaş, O., Pelin, S. ve Korkmaz, S., 1984. Doğu Pontid yay gerisi havzasında manto yükselimi ve polijenetik ofiyolit olgusu. TJK Ketin Sempozyumu, pp. 175-188.
  • Bektaş, O., Yılmaz, C., Taslı, K., Akdağ, K. and Özgür, S., 1995. Cretaceous rifting of the eastern Pontide carbonate platform (NE Turkey): The formation of carbonates, breccias and turbidites as evidences of a drowned platform. Geologia, 57, 1-2, 233-244.
  • Briggs, R.M. and McDonough, W.F., 1990. Contemporaneous Convergent Margin and Intraplate Magmatism, North Island, New Zealand. Journal of Petrology, 3 (14), 813-851.
  • Dokuz, A., 2011. A slab detachment and delamination model for the generation of Carboniferous high-potassium I-type magmatism in the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: Köse composite pluton. Gondwana Research, 19, 926-944.
  • Eyüboğlu, Y., Santosh, M., Yi, K., Tüysüz, N., Korkmaz, S., Dudas, F.O., Akaryalı, E. and Bektaş, O., 2014. The Eastern Black Sea-type volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits: Geochemistry, zircon U–Pb geochronology and an overview of the geodynamics of ore genesis. Ore Geology Reviews, 59, 29-54.
  • Faure, G. and Mensing, T.M., 2005. Isotope Principle and Applications. 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken.
  • Gücer, M.A., Aydınçakır, E., Yücel, C. Akaryalı, E., 2017. Tersiyer Yaşlı Altınpınar Hornblendli Andezitlerinin (Torul-Gümüşhane) Petrografisi, Mineral Kimyası ve P-T Kristalleşme Koşulları. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7 (2), 236-267.
  • Hollanda, M.H.B.M., Pimentel, M.M., Oliveira, D.C. and de Sá, E.F.J., 2006. Lithosphere-asthenosphere interaction and the origin of Cretaceous tholeiitic magmatism in Northeastern Brazil: Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic evidence. Lithos, 86 (1-2), 34-49.
  • Innocenti, F., Mazzuoli, R., Pasquaré, G., Serri, G. and Villari, L., 1980. Geology of the volcanic area north of Lake Van (Turkey). Geologische Rundschau, 69, 292-322.
  • Kaygusuz, A., Arslan, M., Siebel, W., Sipahi, F. and İlbeyli, N., 2012. Geochronological evidence and tectonic significance of Carboniferous magmatism in the southwest Trabzon area, eastern Pontides, Turkey. International Geology Review, 54, 1776-1800.
  • Kaygusuz, A., Arslan, M., Siebel, W., Sipahi, F., İlbeyli, N. and Temizel, İ., 2014. La-Icp Ms zircon dating and whole-rock Sr-Nd-Pb-O isotope geochemistry of the Camiboğazı Pluton, eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of Arc-Related I-Type Magmatism. Lithos, 192-195, 271-290.
  • Kaygusuz, A., Arslan, M., Sipahi, F. and Temizel, İ., 2016. U-Pb zircon chronology and petrogenesis of carboniferous plutons in the northern part of the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: Constraints for Paleozoic magmatism and geodynamic evolution. Gondwana Research, 39, 327-346.
  • Kaygusuz, A., Sipahi, F., İlbeyli, N., Arslan, M., Chen, B. and Aydınçakır, E., 2013. Petrogenesis of the Late Cretaceous Turnagöl intrusion in the eastern Pontides: implications for magma genesis in the arc setting. Geoscience Frontiers, 4, 423-438.
  • Lentz, D.R., 1996. Trace-element systematics of felsic volcanic rocks associated with massive-sulphide deposits in the Bathurst Mining Camp: petrogenetic, tectonic and chemostratigraphic implications for VMS deposits. In: D.A. Wyman (ed.), Trace Element Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks: Applications for Massive Sulphide Exploration, Geological Association of Canada, Short Course Notes 12, pp. 359-402.
  • Lentz, D.R., 1999. Petrology, geochemistry, and oxygen isotope interpretation of felsic volcanic rocks and related rocks hosting the Brunswick No. 6 and No. 12 massive sulfide deposits, Bathurst Mining Camp, New Brunswick, Canada. Economic Geology, 94, 57-86.
  • MacLean, W.H. and Kranidiotis, P., 1987. Immobile elements as monitors of mass transfer in hydrothermal alteration: Phelps Dodge massive sulfide deposit, Matagami, Quebec. Economic Geology, 82, 951-962.
  • MacLean, W.H., 1990. Mass changes in altered rock series. Mineralium Deposita, 25, 44-49.
  • Nicholls, I.A. and Harris, K.L., 1980. Experimental rare earth element partition coefficients for garnet, clinopyroxene and amphibole coexisting with andesitic and basaltic liquids. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 44 (2), 287-308.
  • Okay, A.İ., Tüysüz, O., 1999. Tethyan Sutures of Northern Turkey. The Mediterranean Basin: Tertiary Extension within the Alpine Orogen. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156, 475-515.
  • Özsayar, T.; Pelin, S. ve Gedikoğlu, A., 1981, Doğu Pontidler’de Kretase: KTÜ Yerbilimleri Dergisi, 1, 2, 65-114.
  • Pearce, J.A. and Norry, M.J., 1979. Petrogenetic Implication of Ti, Zr, Y and Nb Variations in Volcanic Rocks. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 69, 33-47.
  • Pearce, J.A., 1982. Trace Element Characteristics of Lavas from Destructive Plate Boundaries. In: Thorpe, R.S. (ed.), Andesites, Orogenic Andesites and Related Rocks. Wiley and Sons, Chichester, 525-548.
  • Pearce, J.A., 1996. A User’s Guide to Basalt Discrimination Diagrams. In: Wyman, D.A. (ed.) Trace Element Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks: Applications for Massive Sulphide Exploration. Geological Association of Canada, Short Course Notes 12, 79-113.
  • Pearce, J.A., Cann, J.R., 1973. Tectonic Setting of Volcanic Rocks Determined Using Trace Element Analyses. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 19, 290-300.
  • Pejatoviç, S., 1979. Metallogeny of the pontid-type massive sulphide deposits, mineral geochemistry of massive sulphide-associated hydrothermal sediments of the Brunswick horizon, bathurst mining camp, New Brunswick, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 33, 252-283.
  • Rocha-Júnior, E.R.V., Marques, L.S., Babinski, M., Nardy, A.J.R., Figueiredo, A.M.G. and Machado, F.B., 2013. Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic constraints on the nature of the mantle sources involved in the genesis of the high-Ti tholeiites from northern Paraná continental flood basalts (Brazil). Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 46, 9-25.
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  • Rudnick, R.L., and Gao, S., 2003. Composition of the continental crust. In: Rudnick, R.L. (ed.), The crust. Treatise on Geochemistry, 3, 1-64.
  • Saydam Eker, Ç., Sipahi, F., Kaygusuz, A., 2012. Trace and Rare Earth Elements as Indicators of Provenance and Depositional Environments of Lias Cherts in Gumushane NE Turkey. Chemie der Erde, 72, 167-177.
  • Shriver, N.A. and MacLean, W.H., 1993. Mass, volume and chemical changes in the alteration zone at the Norbec mine, Noranda, Quebec. Mineralium Deposita, 28 (3), 157-166.
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Geochemistry of the Zigana Mountain (Gümüşhane, NE Turkey) Dykes and Geological Meaning

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 40 Sayı: 3, 293 - 325, 27.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.17824/yerbilimleri.633036

Öz

The andesite and
porphyric dacite dykes in the Sakarya Zone of the Eastern Black Sea Region
(Pontides), an ancient magmatic arc, have been cutting the Late Cretaceous
volcanics. Andesite and porphyric dacite dykes show porphyritic texture.
Andesites consist mainly of plagioclase and augite minerals and plagioclases
show sieve texture and polysynthetic twinning. Opaque mineral formations are
common on the marginal parts of augite minerals. Porphyritic dacites consist of
quartz, plagioclase, amphibole and biotite minerals and the edges of quartz
crystals are partially corrode. Plagioclases are commonly sericitized and less
calcitized. As a result of hydrothermal alteration, amphibole was decomposition
to chlorite, carbonate (calcite and ankerite) and opaque minerals, and biotite
to chlorite. The uniform orientations in the main oxide and trace element
exchange diagrams and the states in the mineral separation diagrams show that
fractional crystallization is effective in the development of dykes.

It was determined
that plagioclase and augite differentiation was effective in the development of
andesite dykes, and hornblende and plagioclase differentiation in the
development of porphyritic dacites. In the normalized trace element diagram
according to enriched mid-ocean ridge basalts (E-MORB), there are negative Nb,
P2O5 and TiO2 anomalies, and large
ion-diameter elements (LILE) are more enriched than high-gravity elements
(HFSE). Low Nb/U and high La/Nb and Th/Nb ratios indicate that andesite and
porphyric dacite dykes are affected by continental crust contamination. As a
result, it is though that the dikes are derived from a metasomatized mantle
source, a similar origin and related to subduction, towards the end of Late
Cretaceous in the arc environment.

Proje Numarası

2001.112.005.1

Kaynakça

  • Adamia, S.A., Lordkipanidze, M.B. and Zakariadze, G.S., 1977. Evolution of an active continental margin as examplified by the Alpine history of Caucasus. Tectonophysics, 40, 183-199.
  • Akaryalı, E. and Akbulut, K., 2016. Constraints of C-O-S isotope compositions and the origin of the Ünlüpınar volcanic-hosted epithermal Pb-Zn±Au deposit, Gümüşhane, NE Turkey. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 117, 119-134.
  • Akaryalı, E., 2016. Geochemical, fluid inclusion and isotopic (O, H and S) constraints on the origin of Pb-Zn±Au vein-type mineralizations in the Eastern Pontides Orogenic Belt (NE Turkey). Ore Geology Reviews, 74, 1-14.
  • Akıncı, Ö.T., 1984. The Eastern Pontide volcano-sedimentary belt and associated massive sulphide deposits. In: J.E. Dixon and A.H.F. Robertson (eds.), The Geological Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 17, 415-428.
  • Arslan, M., Tüysüz, N., Korkmaz, S. and Kurt, H., 1997. Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the eastern pontide volcanic rocks, Northeast Turkey. Chemie der Erde/Geochemistry, 57, 157-187.
  • Aydın, F., Karslı, O. and Chen, B., 2008. Petrogenesis of the Neogene alkaline volcanics with implications for post collisional lithospheric thinning of the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. Lithos, 104, 249-266.
  • Aydınçakır, E., 2014. The petrogenesis of Early Eocene non-adakitic volcanism in NE Turkey: Constraints on the geodynamic implications. Lithos, 208-209, 361-377.
  • Aydınçakır, E., 2016. Subduction-related Late Cretaceous high-K volcanism in the Central Pontides orogenic belt: Constraints on geodynamic implications, Geodinamica Acta, 28(4), 379-411.
  • Barrett, T.J. and MacLean, W.H., 1991. Chemical, mass, and oxygen isotope changes during extreme hydrothermal alteration of an Archean rhyolite, Noranda, Quebec. Economic Geology, 86 (2), 406-414.
  • Barrett, T.J., Cattalani, S. and MacLean, W.H., 1993. Volcanic lithogeochemistry and alteration at the Delbridge massive sulfide deposit, Noranda, Quebec. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 48 (2), 135-173.
  • Barrett, T.J., Cattalani, S., Hoy, L., Riopel, J. and Lafleur, P.-J., 1992. Massive sulfide deposits of the Noranda area, Quebec. IV. The Mobrun mine. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 29, 1349-1374.
  • Bektaş, O., Pelin, S. ve Korkmaz, S., 1984. Doğu Pontid yay gerisi havzasında manto yükselimi ve polijenetik ofiyolit olgusu. TJK Ketin Sempozyumu, pp. 175-188.
  • Bektaş, O., Yılmaz, C., Taslı, K., Akdağ, K. and Özgür, S., 1995. Cretaceous rifting of the eastern Pontide carbonate platform (NE Turkey): The formation of carbonates, breccias and turbidites as evidences of a drowned platform. Geologia, 57, 1-2, 233-244.
  • Briggs, R.M. and McDonough, W.F., 1990. Contemporaneous Convergent Margin and Intraplate Magmatism, North Island, New Zealand. Journal of Petrology, 3 (14), 813-851.
  • Dokuz, A., 2011. A slab detachment and delamination model for the generation of Carboniferous high-potassium I-type magmatism in the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: Köse composite pluton. Gondwana Research, 19, 926-944.
  • Eyüboğlu, Y., Santosh, M., Yi, K., Tüysüz, N., Korkmaz, S., Dudas, F.O., Akaryalı, E. and Bektaş, O., 2014. The Eastern Black Sea-type volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits: Geochemistry, zircon U–Pb geochronology and an overview of the geodynamics of ore genesis. Ore Geology Reviews, 59, 29-54.
  • Faure, G. and Mensing, T.M., 2005. Isotope Principle and Applications. 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken.
  • Gücer, M.A., Aydınçakır, E., Yücel, C. Akaryalı, E., 2017. Tersiyer Yaşlı Altınpınar Hornblendli Andezitlerinin (Torul-Gümüşhane) Petrografisi, Mineral Kimyası ve P-T Kristalleşme Koşulları. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7 (2), 236-267.
  • Hollanda, M.H.B.M., Pimentel, M.M., Oliveira, D.C. and de Sá, E.F.J., 2006. Lithosphere-asthenosphere interaction and the origin of Cretaceous tholeiitic magmatism in Northeastern Brazil: Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic evidence. Lithos, 86 (1-2), 34-49.
  • Innocenti, F., Mazzuoli, R., Pasquaré, G., Serri, G. and Villari, L., 1980. Geology of the volcanic area north of Lake Van (Turkey). Geologische Rundschau, 69, 292-322.
  • Kaygusuz, A., Arslan, M., Siebel, W., Sipahi, F. and İlbeyli, N., 2012. Geochronological evidence and tectonic significance of Carboniferous magmatism in the southwest Trabzon area, eastern Pontides, Turkey. International Geology Review, 54, 1776-1800.
  • Kaygusuz, A., Arslan, M., Siebel, W., Sipahi, F., İlbeyli, N. and Temizel, İ., 2014. La-Icp Ms zircon dating and whole-rock Sr-Nd-Pb-O isotope geochemistry of the Camiboğazı Pluton, eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of Arc-Related I-Type Magmatism. Lithos, 192-195, 271-290.
  • Kaygusuz, A., Arslan, M., Sipahi, F. and Temizel, İ., 2016. U-Pb zircon chronology and petrogenesis of carboniferous plutons in the northern part of the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: Constraints for Paleozoic magmatism and geodynamic evolution. Gondwana Research, 39, 327-346.
  • Kaygusuz, A., Sipahi, F., İlbeyli, N., Arslan, M., Chen, B. and Aydınçakır, E., 2013. Petrogenesis of the Late Cretaceous Turnagöl intrusion in the eastern Pontides: implications for magma genesis in the arc setting. Geoscience Frontiers, 4, 423-438.
  • Lentz, D.R., 1996. Trace-element systematics of felsic volcanic rocks associated with massive-sulphide deposits in the Bathurst Mining Camp: petrogenetic, tectonic and chemostratigraphic implications for VMS deposits. In: D.A. Wyman (ed.), Trace Element Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks: Applications for Massive Sulphide Exploration, Geological Association of Canada, Short Course Notes 12, pp. 359-402.
  • Lentz, D.R., 1999. Petrology, geochemistry, and oxygen isotope interpretation of felsic volcanic rocks and related rocks hosting the Brunswick No. 6 and No. 12 massive sulfide deposits, Bathurst Mining Camp, New Brunswick, Canada. Economic Geology, 94, 57-86.
  • MacLean, W.H. and Kranidiotis, P., 1987. Immobile elements as monitors of mass transfer in hydrothermal alteration: Phelps Dodge massive sulfide deposit, Matagami, Quebec. Economic Geology, 82, 951-962.
  • MacLean, W.H., 1990. Mass changes in altered rock series. Mineralium Deposita, 25, 44-49.
  • Nicholls, I.A. and Harris, K.L., 1980. Experimental rare earth element partition coefficients for garnet, clinopyroxene and amphibole coexisting with andesitic and basaltic liquids. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 44 (2), 287-308.
  • Okay, A.İ., Tüysüz, O., 1999. Tethyan Sutures of Northern Turkey. The Mediterranean Basin: Tertiary Extension within the Alpine Orogen. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156, 475-515.
  • Özsayar, T.; Pelin, S. ve Gedikoğlu, A., 1981, Doğu Pontidler’de Kretase: KTÜ Yerbilimleri Dergisi, 1, 2, 65-114.
  • Pearce, J.A. and Norry, M.J., 1979. Petrogenetic Implication of Ti, Zr, Y and Nb Variations in Volcanic Rocks. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 69, 33-47.
  • Pearce, J.A., 1982. Trace Element Characteristics of Lavas from Destructive Plate Boundaries. In: Thorpe, R.S. (ed.), Andesites, Orogenic Andesites and Related Rocks. Wiley and Sons, Chichester, 525-548.
  • Pearce, J.A., 1996. A User’s Guide to Basalt Discrimination Diagrams. In: Wyman, D.A. (ed.) Trace Element Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks: Applications for Massive Sulphide Exploration. Geological Association of Canada, Short Course Notes 12, 79-113.
  • Pearce, J.A., Cann, J.R., 1973. Tectonic Setting of Volcanic Rocks Determined Using Trace Element Analyses. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 19, 290-300.
  • Pejatoviç, S., 1979. Metallogeny of the pontid-type massive sulphide deposits, mineral geochemistry of massive sulphide-associated hydrothermal sediments of the Brunswick horizon, bathurst mining camp, New Brunswick, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 33, 252-283.
  • Rocha-Júnior, E.R.V., Marques, L.S., Babinski, M., Nardy, A.J.R., Figueiredo, A.M.G. and Machado, F.B., 2013. Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic constraints on the nature of the mantle sources involved in the genesis of the high-Ti tholeiites from northern Paraná continental flood basalts (Brazil). Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 46, 9-25.
  • Rollinson, H.R., 1993. Using Geochemical Data: Evaluation, Presentation, Interpretation. Johhn Wiley & Sons, New York, 352 p.
  • Ross, P.-S. and Bédard, J.H., 2009. Magmatic affinity of modern and ancient subalkaline volcanic rocks determined from trace-element discriminant diagrams. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 46 (11), 823-839.
  • Rudnick, R.L., and Gao, S., 2003. Composition of the continental crust. In: Rudnick, R.L. (ed.), The crust. Treatise on Geochemistry, 3, 1-64.
  • Saydam Eker, Ç., Sipahi, F., Kaygusuz, A., 2012. Trace and Rare Earth Elements as Indicators of Provenance and Depositional Environments of Lias Cherts in Gumushane NE Turkey. Chemie der Erde, 72, 167-177.
  • Shriver, N.A. and MacLean, W.H., 1993. Mass, volume and chemical changes in the alteration zone at the Norbec mine, Noranda, Quebec. Mineralium Deposita, 28 (3), 157-166.
  • Sipahi, F. and Sadıklar, M.B., 2010. The alteration mineralogy and mass change of the Zigana (Gümüşhane) volcanic of NE Turkey. Geological Bulletin of Turkey, 53, 122-155.
  • Sipahi, F. and Sadıklar, M.B., 2014. Geochemistry of dacitic volcanics in the eastern Pontides (NE Turkey). Geochemistry International, 4, 329-349.
  • Sipahi, F., 2005. Zigana dağı (Torul-Gümüşhane) volkanitlerindeki hidrotermal ayrışmaların mineraloji ve jeokimyası, Doktora Tezi, KTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon.
  • Sipahi, F., 2011. Formation of skarns at Gümüşhane (Northeastern Turkey). Neues Jahrb Mineral Abh (J. Min. Geochem.), 188, 169-190.
  • Sipahi, F., 2017. Kalınçam (Tonya-Trabzon, KD Türkiye) yöresi Geç Kretase yaşlı volkanitlerin jeokimyası ve petrojenezi. GÜFBED/GUSTIJ, 7 (2), 102-127.
  • Sipahi, F., 2019. Nature of the Tourmaline in Q-Porphyry from Eastern Pontide (NE Turkey): An U-Pb zircon Age, Geochemistry and Isotopic Approach. Periodico di Mineralogica, 88, Doi: 10.2451/2019PM859.
  • Sipahi, F., Akpınar, İ., Saydam Eker, Ç., Kaygusuz, A., Vural, A. and Yılmaz, M., 2017. Formation of the Eğrikar (Gümüşhane) Fe-Cu skarn type mineralization in NE Turkey: U-Pb zircon age, lithogeochemistry, mineral chemistry, fluid inclusion, and O-H-C-S isotopic compositions. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 182, Part A, 32-52.
  • Sipahi, F., Kaygusuz, A., Saydam Eker, Ç., Vural, A. and Akpınar, İ., 2018. Late Cretaceous Arc Igneous Activity: The Eğrikar Monzogranite Example. International Geology Review, 60, 382-400.
  • Sipahi, F., Sadıklar, M.B. and Şen, C., 2014. The geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics of Murgul (Artvin) volcanics in the Eastern Black Sea Region (NE Turkey). Chemie der Erde/Geochemistry, 74, 331-342.
  • Sun, S.-s. and McDonough, W.F., 1989. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. In: A.D. Saunders and M.J. Norry (eds.), Magmatism in the Ocean Basins. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 42, 313-345.
  • Şengör, A.M.C. and Yılmaz, Y., 1981. Tethyan evolution of Turkey: a plate tectonic approach, Techtonophysics, 75, 181-241.
  • Taylor, S.R. and McLennan, S.M., 1985. The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Blackwell, Oxford, U.K., 312 p.
  • Temizel, İ., Arslan, M., Ruffet, G. and Peucat, J.J., 2012. Petrochemistry, geochronology and Sr-Nd isotopic systematics of the Tertiary collisional and post-collisional volcanic rocks from the Ulubey (Ordu) area, eastern Pontide, NE Turkey: implications for extension-related origin and mantle source characteristics. Lithos, 128-131, 126-147.
  • Winchester, J.A. and Floyd, P.A., 1977. eochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements. Chemical Geology, 20, 325-343.
  • Winchster, J.A. and Floyd, P.A., 1976. Geochemical magma type discrimination: Application to altered and metamorphosed basic igneous rocks: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 28, 459-469.
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ferkan Sipahi 0000-0002-4072-4834

Mehmet Ali Gücer 0000-0002-9075-3350

Münür Burhan Sadıklar Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-1231-1362

Proje Numarası 2001.112.005.1
Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Aralık 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Ekim 2019
Kabul Tarihi 27 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 40 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

EndNote Sipahi F, Gücer MA, Sadıklar MB (01 Aralık 2019) Zigana Dağı (Gümüşhane, KD Türkiye) Dayklarının Jeokimyası ve Jeolojik Anlamı. Yerbilimleri 40 3 293–325.