PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF UNDOPED AND IRON-DOPED TiO2 NANOPARTICLES VIA SOL-GEL METHOD: EFFECTS OF SYNTHESIS CONDITIONS AND CHOICE OF ACID TYPE

Nazlı Türkten; Yunus Karataş; Zekiye Cinar

doi:10.17780/ksujes.1672572

TR EN

KATKISIZ VE DEMİR KATKILI TiO2 NANO TANECİKLERİNİN SOL-JEL YÖNTEMİ İLE HAZIRLANMASI: SENTEZ KOŞULLARI VE ASİT SEÇİMİNİN ETKİSİ

Öz

Katkısız TiO2 nano tanecikleri, sentez süreci asetik asit (TiO2-A) veya asetik asit ve hidroklorik asit ikili asit sistemi (TiO2-S) ile kontrol edilen bir sol-jel yöntemi kullanılarak hazırlandı. Katkılandırma işleminde ıslak aşılma yöntemi kullanılarak, asetik asit (Fe-TiO2-A) ve asetik asit/hidroklorik asit (Fe-TiO2-S) içerikli demir katkılı TiO2 (Fe-TiO2) nano tanecikleri hazırlanmıştır. Bu fotokatalizörler, FTIR, XRD, SEM, BET, XPS ve UV-DRS analizleri ile karakterize edildi. TiO2-S’nin yüzey alanı (50 m2/g), TiO2-A nano taneciklerine (25 m2/g) kıyasla neredeyse iki katına çıktı. TiO2-A ve Fe-TiO2-A örnekleri anataz kristal fazı içerirken, TiO2-S ve Fe-TiO2-S nano tanecikleri ise anataz ve rutil fazlarına sahip olduğu bulundu. Katkısız TiO2 ve Fe-TiO2 nano tanecikleri varlığında 4-nitrofenolün (4-NP) fotokatalitik degradasyonu incelendi ve Fe-TiO2 nano taneciklerinin daha yüksek bir fotokatalitik aktivite gösterdiği belirlendi. Sentez yöntemindeki farklılıkların ve asit seçiminin kristal yapı ve yüzey alanı ve dolayısıyla fotokatalitik aktiviteyi etkilediği belirlendi. Fe-TiO2-S nano taneciklerinin en yüksek fotokatalitik performansı (%63) gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF UNDOPED AND IRON-DOPED TiO2 NANOPARTICLES VIA SOL-GEL METHOD: EFFECTS OF SYNTHESIS CONDITIONS AND CHOICE OF ACID TYPE

Abstract

Undoped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using a sol-gel method, controlling the synthesis process with acetic acid (TiO2-A) or the presence of both acetic and hydrochloric acid (TiO2-S). The doping procedure employed a wet-impregnation method to prepare iron-doped TiO2 (Fe-TiO2) nanoparticles, specifically those treated with acetic acid (Fe-TiO2-A) and a dual system of acetic acid/hydrochloric acid (Fe-TiO2-S). These photocatalysts were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, BET, XPS, and UV-DRS analysis. The surface area of TiO2-S (50 m2/g) was almost doubled compared to TiO2-A nanoparticles (25 m2/g). TiO2-A and Fe-TiO2-A nanoparticles resulted in only a single anatase crystallite phase, while TiO2-S and Fe-TiO2-S nanoparticles exhibited a mixture of anatase and rutile phases. The photodegradation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was evaluated using undoped TiO2 and Fe-TiO2 nanoparticles, confirming that Fe-TiO2 nanoparticles performed higher photocatalytic activity. Changes in the synthesis method and choice of acid influenced the crystalline structure and surface area properties, thereby affecting photocatalytic activity. The highest photocatalytic performance was achieved by Fe-TiO2-S nanoparticles, reaching 63% efficiency

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Environmental Pollution and Prevention , Environmental Engineering (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Nazlı Türkten
0000-0001-9343-3697
Türkiye

Yunus Karataş ^*
0000-0002-3826-463X
Türkiye

Zekiye Cinar
0009-0008-0377-6126
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 3, 2025

Submission Date

April 9, 2025

Acceptance Date

May 12, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 28 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1672572

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA26JT53YC

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Türkten, N., Karataş, Y., & Cinar, Z. (2025). PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF UNDOPED AND IRON-DOPED TiO2 NANOPARTICLES VIA SOL-GEL METHOD: EFFECTS OF SYNTHESIS CONDITIONS AND CHOICE OF ACID TYPE. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(4), 1712-1721. https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1672572