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PAMUK BAMBU YÜN KARIŞIMININ ZERDEÇAL İLE TEK BANYODA-TEK AŞAMALI BOYANMASI: DENEYSEL ÇALIŞMA

Year 2026, Volume: 29 Issue: 1, 409 - 419, 03.03.2026

Hüseyin Özdemir

https://izlik.org/JA58TF85RZ

Abstract

Tekstilde boyama işlemi çok fazla kimyasal maddenin kullanıldığı ve çevreye oldukça zarar veren bir prosestir. Bu nedenle insanlar bu zararları en aza indirmek için doğal boyalarla boyamak gibi alternatifleri uygulamaktadır. Özellikle karışım liflerinden oluşan ipliklerin boyanmasında tek banyoda ve tek adımda boyama yapmak hem su tüketimini hem de kimyasal madde kullanımını oldukça azaltmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, tamamı doğal elyaf olan %50 pamuk, %30 bambu ve %20 yün karışımından oluşan Ne 20/1 ring ipliği tek banyoda zerdeçal ile boyanmıştır. Yapılan terbiye işlemlerinin ipliğin performans özellikleri üzerindeki etkisi belirlenmiştir. Farklı kimyasal yapılara sahip pamuk, bambu ve yün lifleri tek banyoda boyanmış ve abrajsız boyamalar elde edilmiştir. Optimum boyama koşullarını belirlemek için onlarca deneme yapılmış ve bu denemeler sonucunda bir boyamanın en önemli parametreleri olan pH, zaman ve sıcaklık değerleri ayarlanmıştır. Selülozik pamuk ve bambu lifleri ile protein yün liflerinden oluşan karışım bir ipliğin tek banyoda boyanması için ideal koşullar bulunmuş ve boyama işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Boyanan ipliğin yıkama, ter, tükürük ve sürtme haslıkları incelenerek sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca renk verimi reflektans spektrofotometresi ile değerlendirilmiş ve doğal boyalar ile elyaf arasındaki etkileşimler FTIR analizi ve SEM görüntüleri ile yorumlanmıştır.

Keywords

Pamuk-bambu-yün karışımı doğal boyama zerdeçal çevre dostu boya verimi.

References

  • Adeel, S., Bhatti, I. A., Kausar, A., Osman, E. (2012). Influence of UV radiations on the extraction and dyeing of cotton fabric with Curcuma longa L, Indian Journal of Fibre& Textile Research, 37(1), 87−90.
  • Balbas, D.Q., Lanterna, G., Cirrincione, C., Ricci, M., Becucci, M., Fontana, R., Striova, J. (2022). Noninvasive identification of turmeric and saffron dyes in proteinaceous textile fibres using, J Raman Spectrosc. 53, 593–607. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6175
  • Barik A., Mishra, B., Kunwar, A., Kadam, RM., Shen, L., Dutta, S., Padhye, S., Satpati, AK., Zhang H. and Priyadarsini, KI. (2007). Comparative study of copper(II): curcumin complexes as superoxide dismutase mimics and free radical scavengers, European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 42, 431439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.11.012
  • Bechtold, T. Mussak, R., (2009). Handbook of Natural Colorants, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Blackburn, S., Lee, G. R. (1956). The reaction of wool keratin with alkali. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 19, 505-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3002(56)90474-7
  • Chen, L., Wang, L., Wu, X., & Ding, X. (2017). A process-level water conservation and pollution control performance evaluation tool of cleaner production technology in the textile industry, Journal of Cleaner Production, 143, 1137-1143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.006
  • Cheunsoon Ahn, C., Obendorf, SK. (2006). Analysis of Dyes Extracted from Turmeric, Fibers and Polymers, 7(2), 158-163.
  • DIN 53160-1; Determination of the Colourfastness of Articles for Common Use—Part 1: Test with Artificial Saliva. Deutsches Institut für Normung: Berlin, Germany, 2010.
  • Ghoreishian, S.M., Maleknia, L., Mirzapour, H. and Norouzi, M. (2013). Antibacterial properties and color fastness of silk fabric dyed with turmeric extract, Fibers and Polymers, 14(2), 201–207. DOI 10.1007/s12221-013-0201-9
  • Giteru, S. G., Ramsey, D. H., Hou, Y., Cong, L., Mohan, A., & Bekhit, A. E. D. A. (2023). Wool keratin as a novel alternative protein: A comprehensive review of extraction, purification, nutrition, safety, and food applications. Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety, 22(1), 643-687. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.13087
  • Hegde, M., Goutham, N. (2018). Application of Medicinal Dye (Turmeric and Annatto) on Silk Fabrics Using Eco-friendly Mordants, MSRUAS-SASTech Journal, 14(2), 33-36.
  • Hosen, D., Rabbi, F., Raihan, A., Mamun, AA. (2021). Effect of turmeric dye and biomordants on knitted cotton fabric coloration:A promising alternative to metallic mordanting, Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 3, 100124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2021.100124
  • Ibrahim, N.A., El-Gamal, A.R., Gouda, M., Mahrous, F. (2010). A new approach for natural dyeing and functional finishing of cotton Cellulose, Carbohydrate Polymers, 82(4,) 1205–1211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.06.054
  • Ilangovan, M., Guna, V., Hu, C., Nagananda, G.S., Reddy, N. (2018). Curcuma longa L. plant residue as a source for natural cellulose fibers with antimicrobial activity, Industrial Crops and Products, 112, 556-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.12.042
  • Iman, RN., Younas, M., Harrabi, K., & Mekki, A. (2024). Fabrication and characterization of natural dye-sensitized solar cells using an efficient natural sensitizer derived from Laurus nobilis L. Dyes and Pigments, 225, 112057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2024.112057
  • ISO 105-CO6; Textiles—Tests for Colour Fastness—Part C06: Colour Fastness to Domestic and Commercial Laundering. ISO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2020.
  • ISO 105-E04; Textiles—Tests for Colour Fastness—Part E04: Colour Fastness to Perspiration. ISO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2018.
  • ISO 105-X12; Textiles—Tests for Colour Fastness—Part X12: Colour Fastness to Rubbing. ISO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2021.
  • Karabulut, K., Atav. R. (2020). Dyeing of Cotton Fabric with Natural Dyes without Mordant Usage Part I: Determining the Most Suitable Dye Plants for Dyeing and UV Protective Functionalization, Fibers and Polymers, 21(8), 1773-1782. DOI 10.1007/s12221-020-9365-2
  • Karpagam, K. R., Saranya, K. S., Gopinathan, J., Bhattacharyya, A. (2017). Development of smart clothing for military applications using thermochromic colorants, The Journal of The Textile Institute, 108(7), 1122–1127. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2016.1220818
  • Kovacevic, Z., Sutlovic, A., Matin, A., Bischof, S. (2021).Natural Dyeing of Cellulose and Protein Fibers with the Flower Extract of Spartium junceum L. Plant, Materials, 14, 4091. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14154091
  • Mathur, J.P., Gupta, N.P. (2003). Use of natural mordant in dyeing of wool, Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research, 28(1), 90-93.
  • Mirjalili, M, Karimi, L. (2013). Antibacterial Dyeing Of Polyamide Using Turmeric As A Natural Dye, AUTEX Research Journal, 13(2). DOI: 10.2478/v10304-012-0023-7
  • Mirjalili M., Nazarpoor K. and Karimi L. (2011). Eco-friendly dyeing of wool using natural dye from weld as co-partner with synthetic dye, Journal of Cleaner Production, 19, 1045–1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.02.001
  • Mulec, I., Gorjanc, M. (2015). The Influence of Mordanting on the Dyeability of Cotton Dyed with Turmeric Extract,Tekstilec, 58(3), 199–208. DOI: 10.14502/Tekstilec2015.58.199–208
  • Naveeda, R., Bhattia, I.A., Adeelb, S., Ashara, A., Sohaila, I., Khana, M.U.H., Masoodd, N., Iqbale, M., and Nazire, A. (2022). Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Dyeing of Cotton Fabric with Mixed Natural Dye from Pomegranate Rind (Punica Granatum L.) and Turmeric Rhizome (Curcuma Longa L.) , Journal Of Natural Fibers, 19(1), 248–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2020.1738309
  • Özdemir, H. (2023a). Problems Of Textile Dyehouses: From Employee's Perspective, KSU J Eng Sci, 26(1), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1160368
  • Özdemir, H. (2023b). An Environmentally Friendly Dyeing Method for A Sustainable World: Investigation of Mechanical and Fastness Performance of Cotton/Wool Blend via Dyeing with Cinnamon, Sustainability, 15(19), 14639. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914639
  • Özdemir, H. (2014). Katyonize ve normal pamuğun çeşitli boyarmaddeler ile boyama sonuçlarının karşılaştırılması, Adıyaman Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 14-22. https://izlik.org/JA58NP29DR
  • Prusty A. K., Das T., Nayak A. and Das N. B. (2010). Colourimetric analysis and antimicrobial study of natural dyes and dyed silk, Journal of Cleaner Production, 18, 1750–1756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.06.020
  • Rahman, M., Ireen, S., Biswas, J., Shariful Alam, S. (2020). Effects of Different Mordants Used in Turmeric Dyeing with Cotton Fabric, International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 29(4), 1184-1188.
  • Rahman, M. M., Kim, M., Youm, K., Kumar, S., Koh, J., & Hong, KH. (2023). Sustainable one-bath natural dyeing of cotton fabric using turmeric root extract and chitosan biomordant. Journal of Cleaner Production, 382, 135303
  • Samanta, A. K., Agarwal, P. (2009). Application of natural dyes on textiles, Indian Journal of Fibreand Textile Research, 34, 384-399.
  • Santra, B., Kar, S., Ghosh, S., & Majumdar, S. (2019). An Integrated Process Development for Treatment of Textile Effluent Involving Ceramic Membrane-Driven Ultrafiltration and Biosorption. Wastewater Recycling and Management, 75-84.
  • Saravanan, P., Chandra Mohan, G. (2011). Dyeing of silk with eco-friendly natural dye obtained from Barks of FicusReligiosa, Universal, Journal of Environmental Research and Technology, 1(3), 268- 273.
  • Sarker, P., Asif, A. H., Rahman, M., Islam, M., Rahman, KH. (2020). Green Dyeing of Silk Fabric with Turmeric Powder Using Tamarind Seed Coat as Mordant, Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, 8, 65-80. https://doi.org/10.4236/msce.2020.82007
  • Silva, R. (2007). Status of natural dyes and dye-yielding plants in India, Current Science, 92(7), 916-925. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24097672
  • Srivastava, R., Singh, N. (2019). Importance of natural dye over synthetic dye: a critical review, International Journal of Home Science, 5(2), 148-150.
  • Sundrarajan, M., Rukmani, A., Gandhi, R. R. and Vigneshwaran, S. (2012). Eco friendly modification of cotton using enzyme and chitosan for enhanced dyeability of Curcuma longa, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 4(3),1654–1660.
  • Uddin, M. A., Rahman, M., Naser, A., Haque, A., Smriti, S. A., Datta, E., Farzana, N., Chowdhury, S., Haider, J., Sayem, A. S. M. (2022). Textile colouration with natural colourants: A review, Journal of Cleaner Production, 349, 131489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131489
  • Umbreen, S., Ali, S., Hussain, T. and Nawaz, R. (2008). Dyeing Properties of Natural Dyes Extracted from Turmeric and their Comparison with Reactive Dyeing, RJTA, 12(4). http://www.emerald.com/rjta/article-pdf/12/4/1/2291330/rjta
  • Zhao, Q. C., Zhao, X. L., Cui, Z. H., & Chen, W. G. (2016). The dissolution of wool in alkali solution and the changes of fiber structure and performance. Key Engineering Materials, 671, 95-100. Doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.671.95

SINGLE BATH- SINGLE STAGE DYEING OF COTTON BAMBOO WOOL BLEND WITH TURMERIC: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Year 2026, Volume: 29 Issue: 1, 409 - 419, 03.03.2026

Hüseyin Özdemir

https://izlik.org/JA58TF85RZ

Abstract

The dyeing process in textiles is a process that uses a lot of chemicals and is very harmful to the environment. For this reason, people apply alternatives such as dyeing with natural dyes to minimise these damages. Especially in the dyeing of yarns consisting of blended fibres, dyeing in a single bath and in a single step reduces both water consumption and the use of chemicals. In this study, a Ne 20/1 ring yarn consisting of 50% cotton, 30% bamboo and 20% wool blend, all natural fibers, was dyed with turmeric in single bath. The effect of the treatments on the performance characteristics of the yarn was determined. Cotton, bamboo and wool fibers with different chemical structures were dyed in a single bath and uniform dyes were obtained. Dozens of trials were conducted to determine the optimum dyeing conditions. As a result of these trials, pH, time and temperature values, which are the most important parameters of a dyeing, were adjusted. The ideal conditions were found for the dyeing of a blended yarn consisting of cellulosic cotton and bamboo fibers and protein wool fibers in a single bath and the dyeing process was carried out. Washing, perspiration, saliva and rubbing fastnesses of the dyed yarn were examined and the results were evaluated. In addition, the color yield was evaluated by reflectance spectrophotometry and the interactions between natural dyes and fiber were interpreted by FTIR analysis and SEM images.

Keywords

Cotton-bamboo-wool blended natural dyeing turmeric eco-friendly dye yield.

References

  • Adeel, S., Bhatti, I. A., Kausar, A., Osman, E. (2012). Influence of UV radiations on the extraction and dyeing of cotton fabric with Curcuma longa L, Indian Journal of Fibre& Textile Research, 37(1), 87−90.
  • Balbas, D.Q., Lanterna, G., Cirrincione, C., Ricci, M., Becucci, M., Fontana, R., Striova, J. (2022). Noninvasive identification of turmeric and saffron dyes in proteinaceous textile fibres using, J Raman Spectrosc. 53, 593–607. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6175
  • Barik A., Mishra, B., Kunwar, A., Kadam, RM., Shen, L., Dutta, S., Padhye, S., Satpati, AK., Zhang H. and Priyadarsini, KI. (2007). Comparative study of copper(II): curcumin complexes as superoxide dismutase mimics and free radical scavengers, European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 42, 431439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.11.012
  • Bechtold, T. Mussak, R., (2009). Handbook of Natural Colorants, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Blackburn, S., Lee, G. R. (1956). The reaction of wool keratin with alkali. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 19, 505-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3002(56)90474-7
  • Chen, L., Wang, L., Wu, X., & Ding, X. (2017). A process-level water conservation and pollution control performance evaluation tool of cleaner production technology in the textile industry, Journal of Cleaner Production, 143, 1137-1143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.006
  • Cheunsoon Ahn, C., Obendorf, SK. (2006). Analysis of Dyes Extracted from Turmeric, Fibers and Polymers, 7(2), 158-163.
  • DIN 53160-1; Determination of the Colourfastness of Articles for Common Use—Part 1: Test with Artificial Saliva. Deutsches Institut für Normung: Berlin, Germany, 2010.
  • Ghoreishian, S.M., Maleknia, L., Mirzapour, H. and Norouzi, M. (2013). Antibacterial properties and color fastness of silk fabric dyed with turmeric extract, Fibers and Polymers, 14(2), 201–207. DOI 10.1007/s12221-013-0201-9
  • Giteru, S. G., Ramsey, D. H., Hou, Y., Cong, L., Mohan, A., & Bekhit, A. E. D. A. (2023). Wool keratin as a novel alternative protein: A comprehensive review of extraction, purification, nutrition, safety, and food applications. Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety, 22(1), 643-687. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.13087
  • Hegde, M., Goutham, N. (2018). Application of Medicinal Dye (Turmeric and Annatto) on Silk Fabrics Using Eco-friendly Mordants, MSRUAS-SASTech Journal, 14(2), 33-36.
  • Hosen, D., Rabbi, F., Raihan, A., Mamun, AA. (2021). Effect of turmeric dye and biomordants on knitted cotton fabric coloration:A promising alternative to metallic mordanting, Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 3, 100124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2021.100124
  • Ibrahim, N.A., El-Gamal, A.R., Gouda, M., Mahrous, F. (2010). A new approach for natural dyeing and functional finishing of cotton Cellulose, Carbohydrate Polymers, 82(4,) 1205–1211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.06.054
  • Ilangovan, M., Guna, V., Hu, C., Nagananda, G.S., Reddy, N. (2018). Curcuma longa L. plant residue as a source for natural cellulose fibers with antimicrobial activity, Industrial Crops and Products, 112, 556-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.12.042
  • Iman, RN., Younas, M., Harrabi, K., & Mekki, A. (2024). Fabrication and characterization of natural dye-sensitized solar cells using an efficient natural sensitizer derived from Laurus nobilis L. Dyes and Pigments, 225, 112057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2024.112057
  • ISO 105-CO6; Textiles—Tests for Colour Fastness—Part C06: Colour Fastness to Domestic and Commercial Laundering. ISO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2020.
  • ISO 105-E04; Textiles—Tests for Colour Fastness—Part E04: Colour Fastness to Perspiration. ISO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2018.
  • ISO 105-X12; Textiles—Tests for Colour Fastness—Part X12: Colour Fastness to Rubbing. ISO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2021.
  • Karabulut, K., Atav. R. (2020). Dyeing of Cotton Fabric with Natural Dyes without Mordant Usage Part I: Determining the Most Suitable Dye Plants for Dyeing and UV Protective Functionalization, Fibers and Polymers, 21(8), 1773-1782. DOI 10.1007/s12221-020-9365-2
  • Karpagam, K. R., Saranya, K. S., Gopinathan, J., Bhattacharyya, A. (2017). Development of smart clothing for military applications using thermochromic colorants, The Journal of The Textile Institute, 108(7), 1122–1127. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2016.1220818
  • Kovacevic, Z., Sutlovic, A., Matin, A., Bischof, S. (2021).Natural Dyeing of Cellulose and Protein Fibers with the Flower Extract of Spartium junceum L. Plant, Materials, 14, 4091. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14154091
  • Mathur, J.P., Gupta, N.P. (2003). Use of natural mordant in dyeing of wool, Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research, 28(1), 90-93.
  • Mirjalili, M, Karimi, L. (2013). Antibacterial Dyeing Of Polyamide Using Turmeric As A Natural Dye, AUTEX Research Journal, 13(2). DOI: 10.2478/v10304-012-0023-7
  • Mirjalili M., Nazarpoor K. and Karimi L. (2011). Eco-friendly dyeing of wool using natural dye from weld as co-partner with synthetic dye, Journal of Cleaner Production, 19, 1045–1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.02.001
  • Mulec, I., Gorjanc, M. (2015). The Influence of Mordanting on the Dyeability of Cotton Dyed with Turmeric Extract,Tekstilec, 58(3), 199–208. DOI: 10.14502/Tekstilec2015.58.199–208
  • Naveeda, R., Bhattia, I.A., Adeelb, S., Ashara, A., Sohaila, I., Khana, M.U.H., Masoodd, N., Iqbale, M., and Nazire, A. (2022). Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Dyeing of Cotton Fabric with Mixed Natural Dye from Pomegranate Rind (Punica Granatum L.) and Turmeric Rhizome (Curcuma Longa L.) , Journal Of Natural Fibers, 19(1), 248–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2020.1738309
  • Özdemir, H. (2023a). Problems Of Textile Dyehouses: From Employee's Perspective, KSU J Eng Sci, 26(1), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1160368
  • Özdemir, H. (2023b). An Environmentally Friendly Dyeing Method for A Sustainable World: Investigation of Mechanical and Fastness Performance of Cotton/Wool Blend via Dyeing with Cinnamon, Sustainability, 15(19), 14639. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914639
  • Özdemir, H. (2014). Katyonize ve normal pamuğun çeşitli boyarmaddeler ile boyama sonuçlarının karşılaştırılması, Adıyaman Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 14-22. https://izlik.org/JA58NP29DR
  • Prusty A. K., Das T., Nayak A. and Das N. B. (2010). Colourimetric analysis and antimicrobial study of natural dyes and dyed silk, Journal of Cleaner Production, 18, 1750–1756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.06.020
  • Rahman, M., Ireen, S., Biswas, J., Shariful Alam, S. (2020). Effects of Different Mordants Used in Turmeric Dyeing with Cotton Fabric, International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 29(4), 1184-1188.
  • Rahman, M. M., Kim, M., Youm, K., Kumar, S., Koh, J., & Hong, KH. (2023). Sustainable one-bath natural dyeing of cotton fabric using turmeric root extract and chitosan biomordant. Journal of Cleaner Production, 382, 135303
  • Samanta, A. K., Agarwal, P. (2009). Application of natural dyes on textiles, Indian Journal of Fibreand Textile Research, 34, 384-399.
  • Santra, B., Kar, S., Ghosh, S., & Majumdar, S. (2019). An Integrated Process Development for Treatment of Textile Effluent Involving Ceramic Membrane-Driven Ultrafiltration and Biosorption. Wastewater Recycling and Management, 75-84.
  • Saravanan, P., Chandra Mohan, G. (2011). Dyeing of silk with eco-friendly natural dye obtained from Barks of FicusReligiosa, Universal, Journal of Environmental Research and Technology, 1(3), 268- 273.
  • Sarker, P., Asif, A. H., Rahman, M., Islam, M., Rahman, KH. (2020). Green Dyeing of Silk Fabric with Turmeric Powder Using Tamarind Seed Coat as Mordant, Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, 8, 65-80. https://doi.org/10.4236/msce.2020.82007
  • Silva, R. (2007). Status of natural dyes and dye-yielding plants in India, Current Science, 92(7), 916-925. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24097672
  • Srivastava, R., Singh, N. (2019). Importance of natural dye over synthetic dye: a critical review, International Journal of Home Science, 5(2), 148-150.
  • Sundrarajan, M., Rukmani, A., Gandhi, R. R. and Vigneshwaran, S. (2012). Eco friendly modification of cotton using enzyme and chitosan for enhanced dyeability of Curcuma longa, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 4(3),1654–1660.
  • Uddin, M. A., Rahman, M., Naser, A., Haque, A., Smriti, S. A., Datta, E., Farzana, N., Chowdhury, S., Haider, J., Sayem, A. S. M. (2022). Textile colouration with natural colourants: A review, Journal of Cleaner Production, 349, 131489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131489
  • Umbreen, S., Ali, S., Hussain, T. and Nawaz, R. (2008). Dyeing Properties of Natural Dyes Extracted from Turmeric and their Comparison with Reactive Dyeing, RJTA, 12(4). http://www.emerald.com/rjta/article-pdf/12/4/1/2291330/rjta
  • Zhao, Q. C., Zhao, X. L., Cui, Z. H., & Chen, W. G. (2016). The dissolution of wool in alkali solution and the changes of fiber structure and performance. Key Engineering Materials, 671, 95-100. Doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.671.95
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Textile Finishing
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Hüseyin Özdemir 0000-0002-0783-0563

Submission Date June 17, 2025
Acceptance Date February 9, 2026
Publication Date March 3, 2026
IZ https://izlik.org/JA58TF85RZ
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 29 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Özdemir, H. (2026). SINGLE BATH- SINGLE STAGE DYEING OF COTTON BAMBOO WOOL BLEND WITH TURMERIC: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(1), 409-419. https://izlik.org/JA58TF85RZ