Research Article

VISION TRANSFORMER-BASED APPROACH FOR WALNUT LEAF CLASSIFICATION

Volume: 29 Number: 2 June 3, 2026
TR EN

VISION TRANSFORMER-BASED APPROACH FOR WALNUT LEAF CLASSIFICATION

Abstract

Walnut is widely utilized across various industrial sectors such as food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics due to its high nutritional value and numerous health benefits. Turkey is a major walnut producer, with many species both locally and globally. However, these species exhibit a high degree of morphological similarity in terms of leaf shape and color, making it difficult to distinguish between them through visual inspection alone. This challenge increases the likelihood of errors in manual classification processes. Consequently, there is an increasing demand for AI-based systems for accurate automatic classification of walnut leaves. This study utilizes a vision transformer (ViT) approach, which, through its attention mechanism, enables more precise extraction of visual features than conventional techniques. To evaluate the effectiveness of a ViT-based classification model, an open-source dataset was utilized, consisting of walnut leaf images collected from trees located in the experimental orchard of the Yalova Atatürk Central Horticultural Research Institute. A total of 1668 leaf images of 17 different walnut species in this dataset were used in the training and testing process of the ViT model. The model achieved 95.51% accuracy, demonstrating superior performance in classifying walnut leaf images compared to other image classification methods.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Computer Vision

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

June 3, 2026

Submission Date

October 17, 2025

Acceptance Date

March 14, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 29 Number: 2

APA
Demir, A. A., & Dursun Demir, G. (2026). VISION TRANSFORMER-BASED APPROACH FOR WALNUT LEAF CLASSIFICATION. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(2), 608-616. https://izlik.org/JA66TP89FN
AMA
1.Demir AA, Dursun Demir G. VISION TRANSFORMER-BASED APPROACH FOR WALNUT LEAF CLASSIFICATION. KSU J. Eng. Sci. 2026;29(2):608-616. https://izlik.org/JA66TP89FN
Chicago
Demir, Ali Alper, and Gizem Dursun Demir. 2026. “VISION TRANSFORMER-BASED APPROACH FOR WALNUT LEAF CLASSIFICATION”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 29 (2): 608-16. https://izlik.org/JA66TP89FN.
EndNote
Demir AA, Dursun Demir G (June 1, 2026) VISION TRANSFORMER-BASED APPROACH FOR WALNUT LEAF CLASSIFICATION. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 29 2 608–616.
IEEE
[1]A. A. Demir and G. Dursun Demir, “VISION TRANSFORMER-BASED APPROACH FOR WALNUT LEAF CLASSIFICATION”, KSU J. Eng. Sci., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 608–616, June 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA66TP89FN
ISNAD
Demir, Ali Alper - Dursun Demir, Gizem. “VISION TRANSFORMER-BASED APPROACH FOR WALNUT LEAF CLASSIFICATION”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 29/2 (June 1, 2026): 608-616. https://izlik.org/JA66TP89FN.
JAMA
1.Demir AA, Dursun Demir G. VISION TRANSFORMER-BASED APPROACH FOR WALNUT LEAF CLASSIFICATION. KSU J. Eng. Sci. 2026;29:608–616.
MLA
Demir, Ali Alper, and Gizem Dursun Demir. “VISION TRANSFORMER-BASED APPROACH FOR WALNUT LEAF CLASSIFICATION”. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 29, no. 2, June 2026, pp. 608-16, https://izlik.org/JA66TP89FN.
Vancouver
1.Ali Alper Demir, Gizem Dursun Demir. VISION TRANSFORMER-BASED APPROACH FOR WALNUT LEAF CLASSIFICATION. KSU J. Eng. Sci. [Internet]. 2026 Jun. 1;29(2):608-16. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA66TP89FN

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