Research Article
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EFFECT OF COMBUSTION CHAMBER PARAMETERS ON THE THERMODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF A GAS TURBINE CYCLE FOR DIFFERENT FUELS

Year 2026, Volume: 29 Issue: 1, 259 - 277, 03.03.2026

Ali Hüsnü Bademlioğlu

https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1814828
https://izlik.org/JA45KD76UL

Abstract

In gas turbine cycles, the combustion chamber is the key component where the chemical energy of the fuel is converted into thermal energy through combustion and transferred to the working fluid at high temperature and pressure. This study investigates the thermodynamic performance of a gas turbine cycle comprising a two-stage compressor and a single-stage turbine for methane (CH₄) and propane (C₃H₈) fuels. The analyzed combustion chamber parameters were the excess air ratio (λ = 3–5), combustion efficiency (η_comb = 95%–99%), and pressure loss (ΔP = 2%–8%). Energy and exergy analyses were conducted based on these parameters. The analysis results indicated that an increase in the excess air ratio decreases the flame temperature, leading to a noticeable reduction in both the thermal and exergy efficiencies of the cycle, while an improvement in the combustion efficiency enhances the cycle performance by enabling a more effective conversion of the fuel’s chemical energy into thermal energy. Increasing pressure loss decreases the turbine inlet pressure, limits the expansion ratio, and reduces both thermal and exergy efficiencies. Overall, the system using CH₄ exhibited higher thermal and exergy efficiencies than the one using C₃H₈. Depending on the combustion chamber parameters and fuel type, the thermal efficiency ranged between 34.84%–46.67%, while the exergy efficiency varied from 31.33%–44.27%.

Keywords

gas turbine cycle combustion chamber excess air ratio combustion efficiency pressure loss

References

  • Ahmadi, P., & Dincer, I. (2011). Thermodynamic and exergoenvironmental analyses, and multi-objective optimization of a gas turbine power plant. Applied Thermal Engineering, 31(14-15), 2529-2540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.04.018
  • Alnaimi, F. B. I., Singh, M. S. J., Al-Bazi, A., Al-Muhsen, N. F., Mohammed, T. S., & Al-Hadeethi, R. H. (2021). Parametric investigation of combustion process optimization for Gas Turbines at SJ Putrajaya. Energy Reports, 7, 5722-5732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.08.202
  • Bademlioglu, A. H., Canbolat, A. S., & Kaynakli, O. (2025). Sustainable liquid hydrogen production: Comprehensive modeling and thermodynamic analysis of a geothermal-powered multifunctional system. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 76, 104279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2025.104279
  • Bejan, A., Tsatsaronis, G., & Moran, M. J. (1995). Thermal design and optimization. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Chen, F., Zhang, W., Cai, J., Wang, X., Guo, J., & Li, W. (2024). Design and optimization of a multi-level wasted heat recovery system for a natural gas-based gas turbine cycle; comprehensive exergy and economic analyses. Applied Thermal Engineering, 236, 121662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.121662
  • Chen, Y., Wang, M., Liso, V., Samsatli, S., Samsatli, N. J., Jing, R., Chen, J., Li, N., & Zhao, Y. (2019). Parametric analysis and optimization for exergoeconomic performance of a combined system based on solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine and supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle. Energy Conversion and Management, 186, 66-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.02.036
  • Chmielewski, M., Niszczota, P., & Gieras, M. (2020). Combustion efficiency of fuel-water emulsion in a small gas turbine. Energy, 211, 118961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118961
  • Eke, M. N., Ozor, P. A., Aigbodion, V. S., & Mbohwa, C. (2021). Second law approach in the reduction of gas emission from gas turbine plant. Fuel Communications, 9, 100030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfueco.2021.100030
  • Goodarzi, M., Kiasat, M., & Khalilidehkordi, E. (2014). Performance analysis of a modified regenerative Brayton and inverse Brayton cycle. Energy, 72, 35-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.04.072
  • Harutyunyan, A., Badyda, K., & Szablowski, Ł. (2025). Energy and exergy analysis of complex gas turbines systems powered by a mixture of hydrogen and methane. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 144, 713-725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.378
  • Hatem, F. A., Alhumairi, M. K. A., Al-Obaidi, M. A., Mohammad, A. T., & Darwish, A. S. K. (2025). Upgrading Gas Turbine Efficiency for Sustainable Power Generation: An Energy and Exergy Analyses. Results in Engineering, 105489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105489
  • Khaljani, M., Saray, R. K., & Bahlouli, K. (2015). Comprehensive analysis of energy, exergy and exergo-economic of cogeneration of heat and power in a combined gas turbine and organic Rankine cycle. Energy Conversion and Management, 97, 154-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.02.067
  • Kok, J. B. W., & Haselhoff, E. A. (2023). Thermodynamic analysis of the thermal and exergetic performance of a mixed gas-steam aero derivative gas turbine engine for power generation. Heliyon, 9(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18927
  • Miao, X., Zhang, H., Zhao, S., Zhang, Q., & Xia, Y. (2024). An innovative S–CO2 recompression Brayton system and its thermodynamic, exergoeconomic and multi-objective analyses for a nuclear spacecraft. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 53, 103805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2023.103805
  • Mossbeck, S., & Margraves, C. (2024, March). Examination of Combustion Processes Using a Rankine Cycler. In 2024 ASEE Southeastern Section Conference.
  • Nader, W. S. B., Mansour, C. J., & Nemer, M. G. (2018). Optimization of a Brayton external combustion gas-turbine system for extended range electric vehicles. Energy, 150, 745-758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.03.008
  • Naeim, K. A., Hegazi, A. A., Awad, M. M., & El-Emam, S. H. (2022). Thermodynamic analysis of gas turbine performance using the enthalpy–entropy approach. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 34, 102036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2022.102036
  • Olivenza-León, D., Medina, A., & Hernández, A. C. (2015). Thermodynamic modeling of a hybrid solar gas-turbine power plant. Energy Conversion and Management, 93, 435-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.01.02
  • Ozen, D. N., Guleryuz, E. H., & Acılar, A. M. (2024). Advanced exergo-economic analysis of an advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system with the modified productive structure analysis method and multi-objective optimization study. Journal of Energy Storage, 81, 110380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.110380
  • Peng, W., Gonzalez-Ayala, J., Guo, J., Chen, J., & Hernández, A. C. (2020). An alkali metal thermoelectric converter hybridized with a Brayton heat engine: Parametric design strategies and energetic optimization. Journal of Cleaner Production, 260, 120953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120953
  • Selwynraj, A. I., Iniyan, S., Polonsky, G., Suganthi, L., & Kribus, A. (2015). Exergy analysis and annual exergetic performance evaluation of solar hybrid STIG (steam injected gas turbine) cycle for Indian conditions. Energy, 80, 414-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.12.001
  • Shukla, A. K., & Singh, O. (2017). Thermodynamic investigation of parameters affecting the execution of steam injected cooled gas turbine based combined cycle power plant with vapor absorption inlet air cooling. Applied Thermal Engineering, 122, 380-388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.05.034
  • Skabelund, B. B., Jenkins, C. D., Stechel, E. B., & Milcarek, R. J. (2023). Thermodynamic and emission analysis of a hydrogen/methane fueled gas turbine. Energy Conversion and Management: X, 19, 100394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2023.100394
  • Wang, Y., Tao, C., Peng, Y., Liang, S., & Sun, R. (2025). Thermodynamic and emission analysis of CH4/H2/NH3 ternary fuel applied in gas turbine system under oxygen-rich atmosphere. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 103649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103649
  • Wang, Z., Han, W., Zhang, N., Liu, M., & Jin, H. (2017). Proposal and assessment of a new CCHP system integrating gas turbine and heat-driven cooling/power cogeneration. Energy Conversion and Management, 144, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.04.043
  • Wu, C., Xu, X., Li, Q., Li, J., Wang, S., & Liu, C. (2020). Proposal and assessment of a combined cooling and power system based on the regenerative supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle integrated with an absorption refrigeration cycle for engine waste heat recovery. Energy Conversion and Management, 207, 112527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112527
  • Xing, C., Liu, L., Qiu, P., Zhang, L., Yu, X., Chen, X., Zhao, Y., Peng, J., & Shen, W. (2022). Research on combustion performance of a micro-mixing combustor for methane-fueled gas turbine. Journal of the Energy Institute, 103, 72-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2022.05.014
  • Yamankaradeniz, N., Bademlioglu, A. H., & Kaynakli, O. (2018). Performance assessments of organic Rankine cycle with internal heat exchanger based on exergetic approach. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 140(10), 102001. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4040108
  • Zhang, B., Chen, Y., Wang, Z., & Shakibi, H. (2020). Thermodynamic, environmental, and optimization of a new power generation system driven by a gas turbine cycle. Energy Reports, 6, 2531-2548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.09.003

FARKLI YAKITLAR İÇİN YANMA ODASI PARAMETRELERİNİN GAZ TÜRBİNİ ÇEVRİMİNİN TERMODİNAMİK PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ

Year 2026, Volume: 29 Issue: 1, 259 - 277, 03.03.2026

Ali Hüsnü Bademlioğlu

https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1814828
https://izlik.org/JA45KD76UL

Abstract

Gaz türbini çevrimlerinde yanma odası, yakıtın kimyasal enerjisinin yanma süreciyle ısı enerjisine dönüştürülerek yüksek sıcaklık ve basınçtaki çalışma akışkanına aktarıldığı temel bir bileşendir. Bu çalışmada, iki kademeli kompresör grubu ve tek kademeli türbinden oluşan bir gaz türbini çevriminin termodinamik performansı, metan (CH4) ve propan (C3H8) yakıtları için incelenmiştir. Yanma odası parametreleri olarak hava fazlalık katsayısı (λ=3–5), yanma verimi (η_yan=%95–%99) ve basınç kaybı (ΔP=%2–%8) ele alınmış; bu parametrelere bağlı olarak çevrimin enerji ve ekserji analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, hava fazlalık katsayısındaki artışın alev sıcaklığını düşürerek çevrimin termal ve ekserji verimlerinde belirgin bir azalmaya neden olduğunu, yanma verimindeki artışın ise yakıtın kimyasal enerjisinin daha etkin biçimde ısı enerjisine dönüştürülmesini sağlayarak çevrim performansını iyileştirdiğini göstermiştir. Basınç kaybındaki artış, türbin giriş basıncını düşürerek genleşme oranını sınırlamış ve buna bağlı olarak çevrimin hem termal hem de ekserji verimlerinde azalma meydana getirmiştir. Genel olarak, CH4 yakıtı kullanılan sistemin termal ve ekserji verimlerinin C3H8 yakıtına kıyasla daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. İncelenen yanma odası parametreleri ve kullanılan yakıta bağlı olarak, gaz türbini çevriminin termal verimi %34,84–%46,67, ekserji verimi ise %31,33–%44,27 aralığında değişmiştir.

Keywords

gaz türbini çevrimi yanma odası hava fazlalık katsayısı yanma verimi basınç kaybı

References

  • Ahmadi, P., & Dincer, I. (2011). Thermodynamic and exergoenvironmental analyses, and multi-objective optimization of a gas turbine power plant. Applied Thermal Engineering, 31(14-15), 2529-2540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.04.018
  • Alnaimi, F. B. I., Singh, M. S. J., Al-Bazi, A., Al-Muhsen, N. F., Mohammed, T. S., & Al-Hadeethi, R. H. (2021). Parametric investigation of combustion process optimization for Gas Turbines at SJ Putrajaya. Energy Reports, 7, 5722-5732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.08.202
  • Bademlioglu, A. H., Canbolat, A. S., & Kaynakli, O. (2025). Sustainable liquid hydrogen production: Comprehensive modeling and thermodynamic analysis of a geothermal-powered multifunctional system. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 76, 104279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2025.104279
  • Bejan, A., Tsatsaronis, G., & Moran, M. J. (1995). Thermal design and optimization. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Chen, F., Zhang, W., Cai, J., Wang, X., Guo, J., & Li, W. (2024). Design and optimization of a multi-level wasted heat recovery system for a natural gas-based gas turbine cycle; comprehensive exergy and economic analyses. Applied Thermal Engineering, 236, 121662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.121662
  • Chen, Y., Wang, M., Liso, V., Samsatli, S., Samsatli, N. J., Jing, R., Chen, J., Li, N., & Zhao, Y. (2019). Parametric analysis and optimization for exergoeconomic performance of a combined system based on solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine and supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle. Energy Conversion and Management, 186, 66-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.02.036
  • Chmielewski, M., Niszczota, P., & Gieras, M. (2020). Combustion efficiency of fuel-water emulsion in a small gas turbine. Energy, 211, 118961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118961
  • Eke, M. N., Ozor, P. A., Aigbodion, V. S., & Mbohwa, C. (2021). Second law approach in the reduction of gas emission from gas turbine plant. Fuel Communications, 9, 100030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfueco.2021.100030
  • Goodarzi, M., Kiasat, M., & Khalilidehkordi, E. (2014). Performance analysis of a modified regenerative Brayton and inverse Brayton cycle. Energy, 72, 35-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.04.072
  • Harutyunyan, A., Badyda, K., & Szablowski, Ł. (2025). Energy and exergy analysis of complex gas turbines systems powered by a mixture of hydrogen and methane. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 144, 713-725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.02.378
  • Hatem, F. A., Alhumairi, M. K. A., Al-Obaidi, M. A., Mohammad, A. T., & Darwish, A. S. K. (2025). Upgrading Gas Turbine Efficiency for Sustainable Power Generation: An Energy and Exergy Analyses. Results in Engineering, 105489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.105489
  • Khaljani, M., Saray, R. K., & Bahlouli, K. (2015). Comprehensive analysis of energy, exergy and exergo-economic of cogeneration of heat and power in a combined gas turbine and organic Rankine cycle. Energy Conversion and Management, 97, 154-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.02.067
  • Kok, J. B. W., & Haselhoff, E. A. (2023). Thermodynamic analysis of the thermal and exergetic performance of a mixed gas-steam aero derivative gas turbine engine for power generation. Heliyon, 9(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18927
  • Miao, X., Zhang, H., Zhao, S., Zhang, Q., & Xia, Y. (2024). An innovative S–CO2 recompression Brayton system and its thermodynamic, exergoeconomic and multi-objective analyses for a nuclear spacecraft. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 53, 103805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2023.103805
  • Mossbeck, S., & Margraves, C. (2024, March). Examination of Combustion Processes Using a Rankine Cycler. In 2024 ASEE Southeastern Section Conference.
  • Nader, W. S. B., Mansour, C. J., & Nemer, M. G. (2018). Optimization of a Brayton external combustion gas-turbine system for extended range electric vehicles. Energy, 150, 745-758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.03.008
  • Naeim, K. A., Hegazi, A. A., Awad, M. M., & El-Emam, S. H. (2022). Thermodynamic analysis of gas turbine performance using the enthalpy–entropy approach. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 34, 102036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2022.102036
  • Olivenza-León, D., Medina, A., & Hernández, A. C. (2015). Thermodynamic modeling of a hybrid solar gas-turbine power plant. Energy Conversion and Management, 93, 435-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.01.02
  • Ozen, D. N., Guleryuz, E. H., & Acılar, A. M. (2024). Advanced exergo-economic analysis of an advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage system with the modified productive structure analysis method and multi-objective optimization study. Journal of Energy Storage, 81, 110380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.110380
  • Peng, W., Gonzalez-Ayala, J., Guo, J., Chen, J., & Hernández, A. C. (2020). An alkali metal thermoelectric converter hybridized with a Brayton heat engine: Parametric design strategies and energetic optimization. Journal of Cleaner Production, 260, 120953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120953
  • Selwynraj, A. I., Iniyan, S., Polonsky, G., Suganthi, L., & Kribus, A. (2015). Exergy analysis and annual exergetic performance evaluation of solar hybrid STIG (steam injected gas turbine) cycle for Indian conditions. Energy, 80, 414-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.12.001
  • Shukla, A. K., & Singh, O. (2017). Thermodynamic investigation of parameters affecting the execution of steam injected cooled gas turbine based combined cycle power plant with vapor absorption inlet air cooling. Applied Thermal Engineering, 122, 380-388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.05.034
  • Skabelund, B. B., Jenkins, C. D., Stechel, E. B., & Milcarek, R. J. (2023). Thermodynamic and emission analysis of a hydrogen/methane fueled gas turbine. Energy Conversion and Management: X, 19, 100394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2023.100394
  • Wang, Y., Tao, C., Peng, Y., Liang, S., & Sun, R. (2025). Thermodynamic and emission analysis of CH4/H2/NH3 ternary fuel applied in gas turbine system under oxygen-rich atmosphere. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 103649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103649
  • Wang, Z., Han, W., Zhang, N., Liu, M., & Jin, H. (2017). Proposal and assessment of a new CCHP system integrating gas turbine and heat-driven cooling/power cogeneration. Energy Conversion and Management, 144, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.04.043
  • Wu, C., Xu, X., Li, Q., Li, J., Wang, S., & Liu, C. (2020). Proposal and assessment of a combined cooling and power system based on the regenerative supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle integrated with an absorption refrigeration cycle for engine waste heat recovery. Energy Conversion and Management, 207, 112527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112527
  • Xing, C., Liu, L., Qiu, P., Zhang, L., Yu, X., Chen, X., Zhao, Y., Peng, J., & Shen, W. (2022). Research on combustion performance of a micro-mixing combustor for methane-fueled gas turbine. Journal of the Energy Institute, 103, 72-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2022.05.014
  • Yamankaradeniz, N., Bademlioglu, A. H., & Kaynakli, O. (2018). Performance assessments of organic Rankine cycle with internal heat exchanger based on exergetic approach. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 140(10), 102001. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4040108
  • Zhang, B., Chen, Y., Wang, Z., & Shakibi, H. (2020). Thermodynamic, environmental, and optimization of a new power generation system driven by a gas turbine cycle. Energy Reports, 6, 2531-2548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.09.003
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage (Excl. Chemical and Electrical)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ali Hüsnü Bademlioğlu 0000-0001-6944-4900

Submission Date October 31, 2025
Acceptance Date January 5, 2026
Publication Date March 3, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1814828
IZ https://izlik.org/JA45KD76UL
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 29 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Bademlioğlu, A. H. (2026). FARKLI YAKITLAR İÇİN YANMA ODASI PARAMETRELERİNİN GAZ TÜRBİNİ ÇEVRİMİNİN TERMODİNAMİK PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(1), 259-277. https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1814828