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INVESTIGATION OF AMPHIPHOBIC PROPERTIES OF PFDoA COATED SURFACES

Year 2026, Volume: 29 Issue: 1, 330 - 343, 03.03.2026

Tugba Demir Çalışkan

https://izlik.org/JA93XW42PX

Abstract

In this study, coatings with highly amphiphobic features developed through the chemical vapor deposition of perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) onto a poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) anchoring layer. Silicon wafers were employed as model substrates, while TiO₂–polyurethane (TiO₂–PU) composite films and filter papers served as rough surface models. The PGMA films were thermally annealed at 110°C to ensure strong adhesion to the substrate, followed by a chemical reaction with PFDoA. Contact angle measurements revealed that the water and hexadecane contact angles on PFDoA/PGMA-coated silicon surfaces were 108.2±1.1° and 67.6±1.5°, respectively. On rough substrates, a pronounced enhancement in oleophobic behavior was observed, with the hexadecane contact angle increasing to 81.4° on TiO₂–PU rough surfaces and reaching 95.5° on filter papers. In addition, PFDoA/PGMA-coated filter papers exhibited superhydrophobic characteristics, achieving a water contact angle of 129.4°. Free surface energy (FSE) calculations indicated that the surface energy of PGMA films decreased from 48.6 mN/m to 13.8 mN/m after deposition of an approximately 9.9 nm-thick PFDoA layer. These results demonstrate that the achieved surface energies are lower than that of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE,~18 mN/m), which is commonly regarded as a benchmark material for low-surface-energy applications, highlighting PFDoA-based nanocoatings as a potential alternative to PTFE.

Keywords

hydrophobic/oleophobic coating polyglycidyl methacrylate perfluorododecanoic acid

References

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PFDoA KAPLI YÜZEYLERİN AMFİFOBİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2026, Volume: 29 Issue: 1, 330 - 343, 03.03.2026

Tugba Demir Çalışkan

https://izlik.org/JA93XW42PX

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, yüksek amfifobik özellik gösteren kaplamaların geliştirilmesi amacıyla, poliglisidil metakrilat (PGMA) ara yüzeyi üzerine kimyasal buhar biriktirme yöntemiyle perflorododekanoik asit (PFDoA) kaplamaları hazırlanmıştır. Silikon tabakalar model yüzey olarak kullanılırken, TiO2–poliüretan (TiO2–PU) kompozit filmler ve filtre kâğıtları pürüzlü yüzey modelleri olarak kullanılmıştır. PGMA filmleri 110 °C’de tavlanarak substrat yüzeyine güçlü şekilde bağlanmış, ardından PFDoA asidi ile tepkimeye girmiştir. Temas açısı ölçümleri, PFDoA/PGMA kaplı Si yüzeylerinde su ve hekzadekan temas açılarının 108,2 ± 1.1° ve 67,6 ± 1.5° olduğunu göstermiştir. Pürüzlü yüzeylerde oleofobik davranışın belirgin şekilde arttığı, hekzadekan temas açısının TiO2–PU pürüzlü yüzeylerinde 81,4°’ye, filtre kâğıtlarında ise 95,5°’ye ulaştığı belirlenmiştir. PFDoA/PGMA kaplamalı filtre kâğıtları ayrıca süperhidrofobik karakter sergileyerek su temas açısında 129,4° değerine ulaşmıştır. Serbest yüzey enerjisi (SYE) hesaplamaları, PGMA filmlerinde 48,6 mN/m olan yüzey enerjisinin, yaklaşık 9,9 nm kalınlığında PFDoA tabakasıyla kaplandıktan sonra 13,8 mN/m’ye düştüğünü ortaya koymuştur. Elde edilen bu değerler, düşük yüzey enerjili uygulamalarda referans malzeme olarak kabul edilen politetrafloroetilene (PTFE, ~18 mN/m) kıyasla daha düşük yüzey enerjilere ulaşıldığını göstermekte ve PFDoA bazlı nanokaplamaların PTFE’ye potensiyel bir alternatif olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

hidrofobik/ oleofobik kaplama poliglisidil metakrilat perflorododekanoik asit

Ethical Statement

Çalışmanın tüm süreçlerinin araştırma ve yayın etiğine uygun olduğunu, etik kurallara ve bilimsel atıf gösterme ilkelerine uyduğumu beyan ederim.

Thanks

Makalenin hazırlanma sürecinde değerli görüş ve önerileriyle katkı sağlayan sayın Prof. Dr. Igor LUZINOV’ a teşekkür ederim.

References

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  • Adarraga, O., Agustín-Sáenz, C., Bustero, I., & Brusciotti, F. (2023). Superhydrophobic and oleophobic microtextured aluminum surface with long durability under corrosive environment. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 1737. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-28587-z
  • Ajeya, K. V., Dhanabalan, K., Thong, P. T., Kim, S.-C., Park, S.-C., Son, W.-K., & Jung, H.-Y. (2024). Short-side-chain perfluorosulfonic acid incorporated with functionalized silane-based hybrid membrane for the application of energy devices. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 55, 432-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.11.229
  • Askin, S., Kizil, S., & Bulbul Sonmez, H. (2021). Creating of highly hydrophobic sorbent with fluoroalkyl silane cross-linker for efficient oil-water separation. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 167, 105002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105002
  • Aslanidou, D., & Karapanagiotis, I. (2018). Superhydrophobic, superoleophobic and antimicrobial coatings for the protection of silk textiles. Coatings, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings8030101.
  • Bao, Q., Nishimura, N., Kamata, H., Furue, K., Ono, Y., Hosomi, M., & Terada, A. (2017). Antibacterial and anti-biofilm efficacy of fluoropolymer coating by a 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-pphenylenedimethanol structure. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 151, 363-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.12.020
  • Bliznyuk, V., Galabura, Y., Burtovyy, R., Karagani, P., Lavrik, N., & Luzinov, I. (2014). Electrical conductivity of insulating polymer nanoscale layers: environmental effects. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 16(5), 1977-1986. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3CP54020K
  • Borodinov, N., Soliani, A. P., Galabura, Y., Zdyrko, B., Tysinger, C., Novak, S., Du, Q., Huang, Y., Singh, V., Han, Z., Hu, J., Kimerling, L., Agarwal, A. M., Richardson, K., & Luzinov, I. (2016). Gradient polymer nanofoams for encrypted recording of chemical events. ACS Nano, 10(12), 10716-10725. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b06044
  • Cengiz, U., Ünzal, Ö., & Belen, S. N. (2023). Fabrication of self-cleaning perfluoroacrylate blend films by spray coating method. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences, 9(1), 158-166. https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.1168028
  • Demir Çalışkan, T. (2025). Perfloropolieter (PFPE) temelli polyesterlerin nylon filmlerinde su ve yağ iticiliğini arttırmadaki etkisi. Harran Üniversitesi Mühendislik Dergisi, 10(3), 213-227. https://doi.org/10.46578/humder.1717177
  • Demir Caliskan, T. D. (2025). Impact of fluorinated segment chemistry on film wettability: comparative study of short-chain perfluoroalkyl and perfluoropolyether structures. Polymer Engineering & Science, 65(8), 4052-4060. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.27269
  • Demir Caliskan, T., Hukum, K. O., Caykara, T., & Luzinov, I. (2022). Toward the replacement of long-chain perfluoroalkyl compounds: perfluoropolyether-based low surface energy grafted nanocoatings. ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 4(2), 980-986. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.1c01438
  • Demir, T., Wei, L., Nitta, N., Yushin, G., Brown, P. J., & Luzinov, I. (2017). Toward a long-chain perfluoroalkyl replacement: water and oil repellency of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films modified with perfluoropolyether-based polyesters. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 9(28), 24318-24330. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b05799
  • Divandari, M., Arcifa, A., Ayer, M. A., Letondor, C., & Spencer, N. D. (2021). Applying an oleophobic/hydrophobic fluorinated polymer monolayer coating from aqueous solutions. Langmuir, 37(14), 4387-4394. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00479
  • Ebajo, V. D., Jr., Huang, J.-Y., Lin, S.-W., Liu, Y.-T., Valinton, J. A. A., Yang, H.-C., & Chen, C.-H. (2025). Reversible restoration of superhydrophobicity in fluoroalkylsilyl-grafted graphene via C-F-containing solvents for anticorrosion and self-cleaning coatings. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 8(35), 17287-17296. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.5c03497
  • Erbil, H. Y. (2020). Industrial applications of superhydrophobic coatings: Challenges and prospects. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 48(5), 447-457. https://doi.org/10.15671/hjbc.810490
  • Eshaghi, A. (2020). Fabrication of transparent Silica-Silica nanotube/PFTS nano-composite thin films with superhydrophobic, oleophobic, self-cleaning and anti-icing properties. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 52(12), 516. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02656-3
  • Galabura, Y., Soliani, A. P., Giammarco, J., Zdyrko, B., & Luzinov, I. (2014). Temperature controlled shape change of grafted nanofoams. Soft Matter, 10(15), 2567-2573. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4SM00055B
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There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Materials Science and Technologies, Polymer Science and Technologies, Material Characterization
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Tugba Demir Çalışkan 0000-0003-2935-0525

Submission Date November 13, 2025
Acceptance Date January 13, 2026
Publication Date March 3, 2026
IZ https://izlik.org/JA93XW42PX
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 29 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Demir Çalışkan, T. (2026). PFDoA KAPLI YÜZEYLERİN AMFİFOBİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(1), 330-343. https://izlik.org/JA93XW42PX