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Effect of Waste Materials on Performance of Self Compacting Concrete

Year 2017, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 40 - 48, 30.10.2017

Sevgi Demirel , Hatice Öznur Öz

https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.309442
Cited By: 1

Abstract

A
sustainable waste management approach is increasingly important in order to
conserve natural resources and reduce industrial waste. Creating new areas and
methods for evaluating waste materials has become one of the important research
areas of the scientific world. Due to the limited natural resources, recycling
applications have emerged as a potential source of raw materials, especially in
the construction industry. For example, the use of industrial wastes (fly ash,
marble dust, waste glass and plastic, etc.) in the construction sector reduces
raw material and energy usage as well as the safe disposal of wastes. It is
possible to carry out "industrial symbiosis" application by using
waste materials in construction sector. In this respect, we are not only able
to avoid an environmental problem caused by an industry, but also provide
economic return. This
study reviewed the researches into the effects of the use of waste materials
(agricultural waste, waste glass, waste rubber and plastics) on the performance
of self-compacting concrete (SCC).

Keywords

Waste material industrial symbiosis recycling self compacting concrete (SCC) sustainability

References

  • url 1 TUİK http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=15844 (Erişim Tarihi 13.04.2017)
  • Demirarslan, K. O., Demirarslan D., (2016). Kentlerde Yeni Yerleşim Alanlarının Gelişimi ve Katı Atık Sorunu: İzmit Yahyakaptan Mahallesi Örneği, Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi, 2 (2), 108-120.
  • url2 http://www.rewistanbul.com/tc-bilim-sanayi-ve-teknoloji-bakanligi-2014-2017-ulusal-geri-donusum-strateji-belgesi-ve-eylem-planini-yayinladi-51.html (Erişim Tarihi 13.04.2017)
  • Gürer, C., Akbulut, H., Kurklu, G., (2004). İnşaat Endüstrisinde Geri Dönüşüm ve Bir Hammadde Kaynağı Olarak Farklı Yapı Malzemelerinin Yeniden Değerlendirilmesi, 5 Endüstriyel Hammaddeler Sempozyumu, 13-14 Mayıs 2004, İzmir, Türkiye.
  • Paris, J. M., Roessler, J. G., Ferraro, C. C., DeFord, H. D., Townsend, T. G., (2016). A review of waste products utilized as supplements to Portland cement in concrete, Journal of Cleaner Production ,121,1-18.
  • Prabhu, G. G., Hyun, J. H., Kim Y. Y., (2014). Effects of foundry sand as a fine aggregate in concrete production, Construction and Building Materials, 70, 514–521.
  • Devi, V.S., Gnanavel, B.K., (2014). Properties of concrete manufactured using steel slag, Procedia Engineering, 97, 95–104.
  • Al-Jabri, K.S., Hisada, M., Al-Saidy, A.H., Al-Oraimi, S.K., (2009). Performance of high strength concrete made with copper slag as a fine aggregate, Construction and Building Materials, 23, 2132–2140.
  • Dash, M. K., Patro, S. K., Rath, A. K., (2016). Sustainable use of industrial-waste as partial replacement of fine aggregate for preparation of concrete – A review, International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 5, 484–516.
  • Turner, L.K., Collins, F.G., 2013. Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-e) emissions: A comparison between geopolymer and OPC cement concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 43, 125–130.
  • Safiuddin, M., Jumaat, M. Z., Salam, M. A., Islam, M.S., Hashim, R., (2010). Utilization of solid wastes in construction materials, International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 5(13), 1952-1963.
  • Aruntaş, H. Y., Dayı, M., Tekin, İ., Birgül, R., Şimşek, O., (2007). Kendiliğinden Yerleşen Beton Özelliklerine Atık Mermer Tozunun Etkisi, 2. Yapılarda Kimyasal katkılar Sempozyumu, 12-13 Nisan 2007, 173-180.
  • Gesoglu, M., Güneyisi, E., Mahmood, S.F., Öz, H.Ö., Kasım Mermerdas, (2012). Recycling ground granulated blast furnace slag as cold bonded artificial aggregate partially used in self-compacting concrete, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 235-236, 352–358.
  • Topçu,İ. B., Bilir, T., Baylavlı, H., (2008). Kendiliğinden Yerleşen Betonun Özellikleri, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Müh.Mim.Fak. Dergisi, 1-22. Shi, C., Wu, Z., Lv, K., Wu, L., (2015). A review on mixture design methods for self-compacting concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 84, 387–398.
  • Kendiliğinden yerleşen beton özellikleri, üretimi ve kullanımı için Avrupa Standartı, EFNARC; 2005.
  • Viacava, I. R., Cea, A. A., Sensale, G. R., (2012). Self-compacting concrete of medium characteristic strength, Construction and Building Materials, 30, 776–782.
  • Şahmaran, M., Yaman, İ., Ö., Tokyay, M., (2004). Yeni Nesil Yüksek Akışkanlaştırıcı Katkı Maddeleri ile Yüksek Hacimde Uçucu Kül İçeren Kendiliğinden Yerleşen Beton, Beton 2004 Kongresi, İstanbul, 10-12 Haziran 2004, 225- 233.
  • Türel, S., Felekoğlu, B., 2005. Silika Dumanı ve Akışkanlaştırıcı Kimyasal Katkı Kullanımının Betonda Kendiliğinden Yerleşebilirlik ve Basınç Dayanımı Üzerine Etkileri, Deprem Sempozyumu, Kocaeli, 286-293.
  • Güneyisi, E., Gesoğlu, M., Booya, E., Mermerdaş, K., (2015). Strength and permeability properties of self-compacting concrete with cold bonded fly ash lightweight aggregate, Construction and Building Materials, 74: 17-24.
  • Kurt, M., Gül, M. S., Gül, R., Aydin, A. C., Kotan, T., (2016). The effect of pumice powder on the self-compactability of pumice aggregate lightweight concrete,Construction and Building Materials., 103: 36-46.
  • Khatib, J. M., (2008). Performance of self-compacting concrete containing fly ash, Construction and Building Materials, 22: 1963-1971.
  • Güneyisi, E., Gesoğlu, M., Booya, E., (2012). Fresh properties of self-compacting cold bonded fly ash lightweight aggregate concrete with different mineral admixtures,’’ Materials and Structures, 45: 1849-1859.
  • Nagaratnam, B.H., Rahman, M. E., Mirasa, A.K, Mannan, M.A., Lame, S.O., (2016). Workability and heat of hydration of self-compacting concrete incorporating agro-industrial waste, Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 882-894.
  • Ranjbar, N., Behnia, A., Alsubari, B., Birgani, P. M., Jumaat M. Z, (2016). Durability and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete incorporating palm oil fuel ash, Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 723-730.
  • Pappu, A., Saxena, M., Asolekar, S.R., (2007). Solid wastes generation in India and their recycling potential in building materials, Building and Environment, 42 (6) 2311-2320.
  • Karade, S., (2010). Cement-bonded composites from lignocellulosic wastes, Construction and Building Materials, 24 (8) 1323-1330.
  • Mo, K. H., Alengaram, U. J., Jumaat, M. Z., Yap, S. P., Lee, S. C., (2016). Green concrete partially comprised of farming waste residues: a review, Journal of Cleaner Production ,117, 122-138.
  • Ahmadi, M.A., Alidoust, O., Sadrinejad I., ve Nayeri, M., (2007). Development of Mechanical Properties of Self Compacting Concrete Contain Rice Husk Ash, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Civil, Environmental, Structural, Construction and Architectural Engineering,1(10).
  • Binici, H., Aksogan, O., (2011). The use of ground blast furnace slag, chrome slag and corn stem ash mixture as a coating against corrosion, Construction and Building Materials, 25 (11), 4197-4201.
  • Ataie, F.F., Riding, K.A., (2013). Thermochemical pretreatments for agricultural residue ash production for concrete, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 25 (11), 1703-1711.
  • Rahman, M.E., Muntohar, A.S., Pakrashi, V., Nagaratnam, B.H., Sujan, D., (2014). Self compacting concrete from uncontrolled burning of rice husk and blended fine aggregate, Materials and Design, 55, 410–415.
  • Sua-Iam, G., Makul, N., (2017). Effect of incinerated sugarcane filter cake on the properties of self-compacting concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 130, 32–40.
  • Binici, H., Yucegok, F., Aksogan, O., Kaplan, H., (2008). Effect of corncob, wheat straw, and plane leaf ashes as mineral admixtures on concrete durability, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 20 (7), 478-483.
  • Pollery C, Cramer SM, De La Cruz RV., (1998). Potential for using waste glass in Portland cement concrete, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 10(4):210–219.
  • Rebeiz KS., (2007). Time-temperature properties of polymer concrete using recycled PET, Cement and Concrete Composites,17:603–608.
  • Kavas, T., Çelik, M. Y., Evcin, A., (2004). Cam Atıklarının Çimento Üretiminde Katkı Maddesi Olarak Kullanılabilirliğinin Araştırılması, 5. Endüstriyel Hammaddeler Sempozyumu, 13-14 Mayıs, İzmir, Türkiye,114-119.
  • Poon, C.S. ve Chan D., (2007). Effects of contaminants on the properties of concrete paving blocks prepared with recycled concrete aggregates, Construction and Building Materials, 21(1):164–175.
  • Wang, H.-Y., Huang, W.-L., (2010). Durability of self-consolidating concrete using waste LCD glass, Construction and Building Materials , 24,1008–1013.
  • Pacheco-Torgal, F., Ding, Y., Jalali, S., (2012). Properties and durability of concrete containing polymeric wastes (tyre rubber, and polyethylene terephthalate bottles): An overview, Construction and Building Materials 30 (2012) 714–724
  • url3 http://www.csb.gov.tr/gm/cygm/index.php?Sayfa=sayfa&Tur=webmenu&Id=8048
  • Sugözü, İ., Mutlu, İ., (2009). Atık Taşıt Lastikleri ve Değerlendirme Yöntemleri (Teknik Not), Taşıt Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 1(1), 35-46.
  • Eldin, N.N., Senouci, A.B., (1993). Rubber-tyre particles as concrete aggregates. ASCE Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 5 (4): 478–496.
  • Bignozzi, M.C., Sandrolini, F., (2006).Tyre rubber waste recycling in self-compacting concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, 36, 735–739.
  • Pivnenko K., Eriksen, M.K., Martín-Fernández, J.A., Eriksson, E., Astrup, T.F., (2016). Recycling of plastic waste: Presence of phthalates in plastics from households and industry, Waste Management, 54, 44–52.
  • Safi, B., Saidi, M., Aboutaleb, D., Maallem, M., (2013). The use of plastic waste as fine aggregate in the self-compacting mortars: Effect on physical and mechanical properties, Construction and Building Materials, 43, 436–442.
  • Choi Y.W., Moon D.J., Chumg J.S., Cho S.K., (2005). Effects of waste PET bottles aggregate on the properties of concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, 35:776–781.
  • Siddique, R., Khatib, J., Kaur, I.,2008. Use of recycled plastic in concrete: A review, Waste Management, 28, 1835–1852.

Atık Malzemelerin Kendiliğinden Yerleşen Beton Performansına Etkisi

Year 2017, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 40 - 48, 30.10.2017

Sevgi Demirel , Hatice Öznur Öz

https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.309442
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Doğal
kaynakların korunması ve endüstriyel atıkların azaltılması amacıyla sürdürülebilir
bir atık yönetimi yaklaşımının önemi giderek artmaktadır. Atık malzemelerin
değerlendirilebileceği yeni alanlar ve yöntemler oluşturmak bilim dünyasının
önemli araştırma alanlarından biri haline gelmiştir. Doğal kaynakların sınırlı
olması, geri dönüşüm uygulamalarının özellikle inşaat sektöründe potansiyel bir
hammadde kaynağı olarak kullanılması alternatifini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Örneğin
endüstriyel atıkların (uçucu kül, mermer tozu, atık cam ve plastik vb.) inşaat
sektöründe kullanılması, atıkların güvenli bir şekilde bertarafının yanında
hammadde ve enerji kullanımını da azaltmaktadır. Atık malzemelerin inşaat
sektöründe kullanımı ile “endüstriyel simbiyoz” uygulamasını gerçekleştirmek
mümkündür. Bu sayede bir
endüstriden kaynaklı çevresel problemin önüne geçmekle kalmayıp aynı zamanda
ekonomik getiri de sağlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, atık malzeme (tarımsal atıklar,
atık cam, atık lastik ve plastikler) kullanımının kendiliğinden yerleşen beton
(KYB) performansına olan etkisinin araştırıldığı çalışmalar derlenmiştir.

Keywords

Atık malzeme endüstriyel simbiyoz geri kazanım kendiliğinden yerleşen beton (KYB) sürdürülebilirlik

References

  • url 1 TUİK http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=15844 (Erişim Tarihi 13.04.2017)
  • Demirarslan, K. O., Demirarslan D., (2016). Kentlerde Yeni Yerleşim Alanlarının Gelişimi ve Katı Atık Sorunu: İzmit Yahyakaptan Mahallesi Örneği, Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi, 2 (2), 108-120.
  • url2 http://www.rewistanbul.com/tc-bilim-sanayi-ve-teknoloji-bakanligi-2014-2017-ulusal-geri-donusum-strateji-belgesi-ve-eylem-planini-yayinladi-51.html (Erişim Tarihi 13.04.2017)
  • Gürer, C., Akbulut, H., Kurklu, G., (2004). İnşaat Endüstrisinde Geri Dönüşüm ve Bir Hammadde Kaynağı Olarak Farklı Yapı Malzemelerinin Yeniden Değerlendirilmesi, 5 Endüstriyel Hammaddeler Sempozyumu, 13-14 Mayıs 2004, İzmir, Türkiye.
  • Paris, J. M., Roessler, J. G., Ferraro, C. C., DeFord, H. D., Townsend, T. G., (2016). A review of waste products utilized as supplements to Portland cement in concrete, Journal of Cleaner Production ,121,1-18.
  • Prabhu, G. G., Hyun, J. H., Kim Y. Y., (2014). Effects of foundry sand as a fine aggregate in concrete production, Construction and Building Materials, 70, 514–521.
  • Devi, V.S., Gnanavel, B.K., (2014). Properties of concrete manufactured using steel slag, Procedia Engineering, 97, 95–104.
  • Al-Jabri, K.S., Hisada, M., Al-Saidy, A.H., Al-Oraimi, S.K., (2009). Performance of high strength concrete made with copper slag as a fine aggregate, Construction and Building Materials, 23, 2132–2140.
  • Dash, M. K., Patro, S. K., Rath, A. K., (2016). Sustainable use of industrial-waste as partial replacement of fine aggregate for preparation of concrete – A review, International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 5, 484–516.
  • Turner, L.K., Collins, F.G., 2013. Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-e) emissions: A comparison between geopolymer and OPC cement concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 43, 125–130.
  • Safiuddin, M., Jumaat, M. Z., Salam, M. A., Islam, M.S., Hashim, R., (2010). Utilization of solid wastes in construction materials, International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 5(13), 1952-1963.
  • Aruntaş, H. Y., Dayı, M., Tekin, İ., Birgül, R., Şimşek, O., (2007). Kendiliğinden Yerleşen Beton Özelliklerine Atık Mermer Tozunun Etkisi, 2. Yapılarda Kimyasal katkılar Sempozyumu, 12-13 Nisan 2007, 173-180.
  • Gesoglu, M., Güneyisi, E., Mahmood, S.F., Öz, H.Ö., Kasım Mermerdas, (2012). Recycling ground granulated blast furnace slag as cold bonded artificial aggregate partially used in self-compacting concrete, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 235-236, 352–358.
  • Topçu,İ. B., Bilir, T., Baylavlı, H., (2008). Kendiliğinden Yerleşen Betonun Özellikleri, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Müh.Mim.Fak. Dergisi, 1-22. Shi, C., Wu, Z., Lv, K., Wu, L., (2015). A review on mixture design methods for self-compacting concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 84, 387–398.
  • Kendiliğinden yerleşen beton özellikleri, üretimi ve kullanımı için Avrupa Standartı, EFNARC; 2005.
  • Viacava, I. R., Cea, A. A., Sensale, G. R., (2012). Self-compacting concrete of medium characteristic strength, Construction and Building Materials, 30, 776–782.
  • Şahmaran, M., Yaman, İ., Ö., Tokyay, M., (2004). Yeni Nesil Yüksek Akışkanlaştırıcı Katkı Maddeleri ile Yüksek Hacimde Uçucu Kül İçeren Kendiliğinden Yerleşen Beton, Beton 2004 Kongresi, İstanbul, 10-12 Haziran 2004, 225- 233.
  • Türel, S., Felekoğlu, B., 2005. Silika Dumanı ve Akışkanlaştırıcı Kimyasal Katkı Kullanımının Betonda Kendiliğinden Yerleşebilirlik ve Basınç Dayanımı Üzerine Etkileri, Deprem Sempozyumu, Kocaeli, 286-293.
  • Güneyisi, E., Gesoğlu, M., Booya, E., Mermerdaş, K., (2015). Strength and permeability properties of self-compacting concrete with cold bonded fly ash lightweight aggregate, Construction and Building Materials, 74: 17-24.
  • Kurt, M., Gül, M. S., Gül, R., Aydin, A. C., Kotan, T., (2016). The effect of pumice powder on the self-compactability of pumice aggregate lightweight concrete,Construction and Building Materials., 103: 36-46.
  • Khatib, J. M., (2008). Performance of self-compacting concrete containing fly ash, Construction and Building Materials, 22: 1963-1971.
  • Güneyisi, E., Gesoğlu, M., Booya, E., (2012). Fresh properties of self-compacting cold bonded fly ash lightweight aggregate concrete with different mineral admixtures,’’ Materials and Structures, 45: 1849-1859.
  • Nagaratnam, B.H., Rahman, M. E., Mirasa, A.K, Mannan, M.A., Lame, S.O., (2016). Workability and heat of hydration of self-compacting concrete incorporating agro-industrial waste, Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 882-894.
  • Ranjbar, N., Behnia, A., Alsubari, B., Birgani, P. M., Jumaat M. Z, (2016). Durability and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete incorporating palm oil fuel ash, Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 723-730.
  • Pappu, A., Saxena, M., Asolekar, S.R., (2007). Solid wastes generation in India and their recycling potential in building materials, Building and Environment, 42 (6) 2311-2320.
  • Karade, S., (2010). Cement-bonded composites from lignocellulosic wastes, Construction and Building Materials, 24 (8) 1323-1330.
  • Mo, K. H., Alengaram, U. J., Jumaat, M. Z., Yap, S. P., Lee, S. C., (2016). Green concrete partially comprised of farming waste residues: a review, Journal of Cleaner Production ,117, 122-138.
  • Ahmadi, M.A., Alidoust, O., Sadrinejad I., ve Nayeri, M., (2007). Development of Mechanical Properties of Self Compacting Concrete Contain Rice Husk Ash, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Civil, Environmental, Structural, Construction and Architectural Engineering,1(10).
  • Binici, H., Aksogan, O., (2011). The use of ground blast furnace slag, chrome slag and corn stem ash mixture as a coating against corrosion, Construction and Building Materials, 25 (11), 4197-4201.
  • Ataie, F.F., Riding, K.A., (2013). Thermochemical pretreatments for agricultural residue ash production for concrete, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 25 (11), 1703-1711.
  • Rahman, M.E., Muntohar, A.S., Pakrashi, V., Nagaratnam, B.H., Sujan, D., (2014). Self compacting concrete from uncontrolled burning of rice husk and blended fine aggregate, Materials and Design, 55, 410–415.
  • Sua-Iam, G., Makul, N., (2017). Effect of incinerated sugarcane filter cake on the properties of self-compacting concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 130, 32–40.
  • Binici, H., Yucegok, F., Aksogan, O., Kaplan, H., (2008). Effect of corncob, wheat straw, and plane leaf ashes as mineral admixtures on concrete durability, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 20 (7), 478-483.
  • Pollery C, Cramer SM, De La Cruz RV., (1998). Potential for using waste glass in Portland cement concrete, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 10(4):210–219.
  • Rebeiz KS., (2007). Time-temperature properties of polymer concrete using recycled PET, Cement and Concrete Composites,17:603–608.
  • Kavas, T., Çelik, M. Y., Evcin, A., (2004). Cam Atıklarının Çimento Üretiminde Katkı Maddesi Olarak Kullanılabilirliğinin Araştırılması, 5. Endüstriyel Hammaddeler Sempozyumu, 13-14 Mayıs, İzmir, Türkiye,114-119.
  • Poon, C.S. ve Chan D., (2007). Effects of contaminants on the properties of concrete paving blocks prepared with recycled concrete aggregates, Construction and Building Materials, 21(1):164–175.
  • Wang, H.-Y., Huang, W.-L., (2010). Durability of self-consolidating concrete using waste LCD glass, Construction and Building Materials , 24,1008–1013.
  • Pacheco-Torgal, F., Ding, Y., Jalali, S., (2012). Properties and durability of concrete containing polymeric wastes (tyre rubber, and polyethylene terephthalate bottles): An overview, Construction and Building Materials 30 (2012) 714–724
  • url3 http://www.csb.gov.tr/gm/cygm/index.php?Sayfa=sayfa&Tur=webmenu&Id=8048
  • Sugözü, İ., Mutlu, İ., (2009). Atık Taşıt Lastikleri ve Değerlendirme Yöntemleri (Teknik Not), Taşıt Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, 1(1), 35-46.
  • Eldin, N.N., Senouci, A.B., (1993). Rubber-tyre particles as concrete aggregates. ASCE Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 5 (4): 478–496.
  • Bignozzi, M.C., Sandrolini, F., (2006).Tyre rubber waste recycling in self-compacting concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, 36, 735–739.
  • Pivnenko K., Eriksen, M.K., Martín-Fernández, J.A., Eriksson, E., Astrup, T.F., (2016). Recycling of plastic waste: Presence of phthalates in plastics from households and industry, Waste Management, 54, 44–52.
  • Safi, B., Saidi, M., Aboutaleb, D., Maallem, M., (2013). The use of plastic waste as fine aggregate in the self-compacting mortars: Effect on physical and mechanical properties, Construction and Building Materials, 43, 436–442.
  • Choi Y.W., Moon D.J., Chumg J.S., Cho S.K., (2005). Effects of waste PET bottles aggregate on the properties of concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, 35:776–781.
  • Siddique, R., Khatib, J., Kaur, I.,2008. Use of recycled plastic in concrete: A review, Waste Management, 28, 1835–1852.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Sevgi Demirel

Hatice Öznur Öz

Publication Date October 30, 2017
Submission Date April 27, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017Volume: 20 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Demirel, S., & Öz, H. Ö. (2017). Atık Malzemelerin Kendiliğinden Yerleşen Beton Performansına Etkisi. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(3), 40-48. https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.309442

Cited By

Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Granulated Waste Rubber Aggregates Substituted Self-Compacting Concrete Mortar Produced with Different Cement
Uluslararası Muhendislik Arastirma ve Gelistirme Dergisi
Melek AKGÜL
https://doi.org/10.29137/umagd.734614