FARKLI DÜŞEY DOĞRULTUDAKİ YAPISAL DÜZENSİZLİKLERİN BETONARME BİNALARIN DOĞRUSAL OLMAYAN DAVRANIŞINA ETKİSİ
Abstract
Mimari görünüm veya işlevsel kullanım sebebiyle pek çok yapı yatayda ve düşeyde düzensizliklere sahip olarak tasarlanmaktadır. Ancak, son dönemde yaşanan depremler, yapılarda bu tür düzensizliklerin olması durumunda yapısal elemanlarda hasar oluşabileceği, hatta binada çökme meydana gelebileceğini göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada düşeyde düzensiz olan az ve orta katlı binaların sismik davranışları düşeyde düzenli binalarla karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Az ve orta katlı binalar olarak üç ve yedi katlı binalar düşünülmüştür. Düşey düzensizlikler olarak da kiriş veya kolon eksikliğinden kaynaklı düşeyde rijitlik ve dayanım düzensizliği, kütle düzensizliği ve düşeyde geometrik düzensizliği dikkate alınmıştır. Bu sebeple, referans olarak iki düzenli çerçeveli yapının ve otuz farklı düzensiz çerçeveli yapının analitik modelleri geliştirilmiş ve doğrusal olmayan sonlu elemanlar analizi kullanılarak sismik davranışları değerlendirilmiştir. Farklı düzensizliklerin sismik talep üzerindeki etkileri, kapasite eğrilerindeki değişimler, plastik mafsal oluşumları ve kolonlarda elde edilen eksenel iç kuvvetler açısından tartışılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları, düzensizlik türüne bağlı olarak, özellikle de kolonları düzensiz olan binaların sismik etkiler karşısında daha riskli hale geldiğini göstermektedir.
References
- Akberuddin, M.A.M., & Saleemuddin, M.Z.M. (2013). Pushover analysis of medium-rise multi-story RCC frame with and without vertical irregularity. International Journal of Engineering Research and Application, 3(5), 540-546.
- Aslani, M., Tehrani, P. Seismic response and collapse capacity assessment of dual RC buildings with vertical irregularities in shear walls. Sci Rep 15, 9966 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94328-z.
- ASCE/SEI 7 2016. Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, USA.
- Barros, R.C., Braz-César, M.T., Naderpour, H., & Khatami, S.M. (2014). Comparative review of the performance-based design of building structures using static non-linear analysis. Journal of Rehabilitation in Civil Engineering, 2(1), 75-92. https://doi.org/10.22075/jrce.2014.214
- Bento, R., Falcao, S., & Rodrigues, F. (2004) Nonlinear static procedures in performance based seismic design. In 2004, 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, Canada. Paper No. 2522
- Blasi, G., Scarlino, A.S., Chirivì, S. et al. Seismic response of irregular RC buildings designed for gravity and seismic loads. Bull Earthquake Eng 22, 5231–5257 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-024-01971-4
- Chavan, S.A., Mate, N.U. Vulnerability assessment of vertical irregularities in medium-rise reinforced concrete structures using lead rubber bearing. Asian J Civ Eng (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-024-01260-0
- Cassis, J.H., & Cornejo, E. (1996) Influence of vertical irregularities in the response of earthquake resistant structures. In 1996, 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Balkema, Rotterda, Paper No. 1102.
- Das, S., & Nau, J.M. (2003). Seismic design aspects of vertically irregular reinforced concrete buildings. Earthquake Spectra, 19(3), 455-477. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1595650
- Eurocode 8 2004 Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance - Part 1: General Rules, Seismic Actions and Rules for Buildings (BS EN 1998-1:2004), European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
- Fardis, M. N., Carvalho, E. C., Fajfar, P., & Pecker, A. (2015). Seismic design of concrete buildings to Eurocode 8. 1st Edition, CRC Press, London. https://doi.org/10.1201/b18097
- FEMA-356, (2000). Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Building. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington (DC).
- Güler, K., Güler, M.G., Taskin, B., & Altan, M. (2008) Performance Evaluation of a Vertically Irregular RC Building. In 2008, 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China
- IS-1893 2016 Part 1. Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures, Part 1, General provisions and buildings, Rev. 5, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
- Kamath, K., Kalibhat, M.G., Prasad, S.K., & Pai, R.R. (2014). Seismic performance of soft storey rc frames at different storey levels from pushover analysis. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 3, 7-13
- Kara, N., & Celep, Z. (2012) Nonlinear seismic response of structural systems having vertical irregularities due to discontinuities in columns. In 2012, 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Kumar, C.R., Narayan, K.B., Prashanth, M.H., Manjunatha, H.B., & Reddy, D.V. (2012) Seismic Performance Evaluation of RC Buildings with Vertical Irregularity. In 2012, the Iset Golden Jubilee Symposium, Indian Society of Earthquake Technology, Department of Earthquake Engineering Building, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, Paper No. E012.
- Wasey, M.A., Siddiqui, M.M., & Azeem M.A. (2022) Optimum seismic control systems for vertically irregular buildings. Materials Today: Proceedings, 65(2) 1674-1689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.04.710
- Mezzi, M., Parducci, A., & Verducci, P. (2004) Architectural and structural configurations of buildings with innovative aseismic systems. In 2004, 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, Paper No. 1318.
- Pambhar, D. J. (2012). Performance based pushover analysis of RCC frames. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies IJAERS, 1, 329-333.
- Raheem, S.E.A., Youssry, A., Soghier, M.H., Fooly, M.Y.M., Gamal Y.A.S. (2024) Pounding impact on seismic demands for adjacent irregular buildings with collinear alignment eccentricity. Structures, 69, 107269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2024.107269
- Sadashiva, V. K., MacRae, G. A., & Deam, B. L. (2008). Determination of irregularity limits. In 2008, 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China.
- Santos, D.; Melo, J.; Varum, H. Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Vertical Irregularities on Reinforced Concrete Moment-Resisting Frame Structures According to Eurocode 8. Buildings 2024, 14, 2982. https://doi.org/10.3390/ buildings14092982.
- SAP 2000 (2011) Computers and Structures Inc., Structural Analysis Program Manual, Berkeley, CA.
- Soni, D.P., & Mistry, B.B. (2006). Qualitative review of seismic response of vertically irregular building frames. ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology, 43(4), 121-132.
- TBDY 2018. Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği. Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı, Ankara.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT VERTICAL STRUCTURAL IRREGULARITIES ON NONLINEAR RESPONSE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS
Abstract
To achieve either some architectural view or functional utilization, many structures have been designed with some irregularity in plan or elevation. However, during the recent earthquakes, it has been noted that the presence of such irregularities can lead to structural damage in a single member or even the collapse of an entire building. In the current study, the seismic behavior of vertically irregular low-rise and medium-rise buildings was examined in comparison with the regular ones. As low- and medium-rise buildings, those with three and seven stories, respectively, and as types of vertical irregularities, stiffness/strength irregularity (missing beams or columns), mass irregularity, and vertical geometric irregularity due to setbacks were considered. For this purpose, analytical models of the two reference regular framed structures and thirty different irregular framed structures were developed, and their seismic behavior was evaluated using nonlinear finite element analysis. The effects of different irregularities on the seismic demand were discussed in terms of the variations in capacity curves, plastic hinge formations, and axial internal forces obtained in the columns. The results of the analysis indicate that, depending on the type of irregularity, buildings with irregularities, especially those with missing columns, become more vulnerable to seismic impacts.
Keywords
Capacity curves Nonlinear analysis Regular buildings Seismic response Vertical irregularity
References
- Akberuddin, M.A.M., & Saleemuddin, M.Z.M. (2013). Pushover analysis of medium-rise multi-story RCC frame with and without vertical irregularity. International Journal of Engineering Research and Application, 3(5), 540-546.
- Aslani, M., Tehrani, P. Seismic response and collapse capacity assessment of dual RC buildings with vertical irregularities in shear walls. Sci Rep 15, 9966 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94328-z.
- ASCE/SEI 7 2016. Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, USA.
- Barros, R.C., Braz-César, M.T., Naderpour, H., & Khatami, S.M. (2014). Comparative review of the performance-based design of building structures using static non-linear analysis. Journal of Rehabilitation in Civil Engineering, 2(1), 75-92. https://doi.org/10.22075/jrce.2014.214
- Bento, R., Falcao, S., & Rodrigues, F. (2004) Nonlinear static procedures in performance based seismic design. In 2004, 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, Canada. Paper No. 2522
- Blasi, G., Scarlino, A.S., Chirivì, S. et al. Seismic response of irregular RC buildings designed for gravity and seismic loads. Bull Earthquake Eng 22, 5231–5257 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-024-01971-4
- Chavan, S.A., Mate, N.U. Vulnerability assessment of vertical irregularities in medium-rise reinforced concrete structures using lead rubber bearing. Asian J Civ Eng (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-024-01260-0
- Cassis, J.H., & Cornejo, E. (1996) Influence of vertical irregularities in the response of earthquake resistant structures. In 1996, 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Balkema, Rotterda, Paper No. 1102.
- Das, S., & Nau, J.M. (2003). Seismic design aspects of vertically irregular reinforced concrete buildings. Earthquake Spectra, 19(3), 455-477. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1595650
- Eurocode 8 2004 Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance - Part 1: General Rules, Seismic Actions and Rules for Buildings (BS EN 1998-1:2004), European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.
- Fardis, M. N., Carvalho, E. C., Fajfar, P., & Pecker, A. (2015). Seismic design of concrete buildings to Eurocode 8. 1st Edition, CRC Press, London. https://doi.org/10.1201/b18097
- FEMA-356, (2000). Prestandard and Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Building. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington (DC).
- Güler, K., Güler, M.G., Taskin, B., & Altan, M. (2008) Performance Evaluation of a Vertically Irregular RC Building. In 2008, 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China
- IS-1893 2016 Part 1. Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures, Part 1, General provisions and buildings, Rev. 5, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
- Kamath, K., Kalibhat, M.G., Prasad, S.K., & Pai, R.R. (2014). Seismic performance of soft storey rc frames at different storey levels from pushover analysis. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 3, 7-13
- Kara, N., & Celep, Z. (2012) Nonlinear seismic response of structural systems having vertical irregularities due to discontinuities in columns. In 2012, 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Kumar, C.R., Narayan, K.B., Prashanth, M.H., Manjunatha, H.B., & Reddy, D.V. (2012) Seismic Performance Evaluation of RC Buildings with Vertical Irregularity. In 2012, the Iset Golden Jubilee Symposium, Indian Society of Earthquake Technology, Department of Earthquake Engineering Building, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, Paper No. E012.
- Wasey, M.A., Siddiqui, M.M., & Azeem M.A. (2022) Optimum seismic control systems for vertically irregular buildings. Materials Today: Proceedings, 65(2) 1674-1689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.04.710
- Mezzi, M., Parducci, A., & Verducci, P. (2004) Architectural and structural configurations of buildings with innovative aseismic systems. In 2004, 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, Paper No. 1318.
- Pambhar, D. J. (2012). Performance based pushover analysis of RCC frames. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies IJAERS, 1, 329-333.
- Raheem, S.E.A., Youssry, A., Soghier, M.H., Fooly, M.Y.M., Gamal Y.A.S. (2024) Pounding impact on seismic demands for adjacent irregular buildings with collinear alignment eccentricity. Structures, 69, 107269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2024.107269
- Sadashiva, V. K., MacRae, G. A., & Deam, B. L. (2008). Determination of irregularity limits. In 2008, 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China.
- Santos, D.; Melo, J.; Varum, H. Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Vertical Irregularities on Reinforced Concrete Moment-Resisting Frame Structures According to Eurocode 8. Buildings 2024, 14, 2982. https://doi.org/10.3390/ buildings14092982.
- SAP 2000 (2011) Computers and Structures Inc., Structural Analysis Program Manual, Berkeley, CA.
- Soni, D.P., & Mistry, B.B. (2006). Qualitative review of seismic response of vertically irregular building frames. ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology, 43(4), 121-132.
- TBDY 2018. Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği. Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı, Ankara.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Numerical Modelization in Civil Engineering |
| Journal Section | Civil Engineering |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 3, 2025 |
| Submission Date | February 23, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | May 7, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025Volume: 28 Issue: 2 |
