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KENEVİR SAPI KULLANILARAK ÜRETİLEN YONGA LEVHALARIN MEKANİK VE FİZİKSEL ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNE ÜRETİM PARAMETRELERİNİN ETKİSİ

Year 2025, Volume: 28 Issue: 3, 1468 - 1485, 03.09.2025

İbrahim Kılıç , Ayşe Durak

https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1686823

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, kenevir sapı odunsu kıtıklarından (hurd) üretilen yonga levhaların mekanik ve fiziksel özellikleri incelenmiş ve üretim parametrelerinin etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Üretilen levhalarda pres sıcaklığı (170 °C ve 190 °C) ve pres süresi (4 dk ve 7 dk) değişken olarak kullanılmıştır. Eğilme direnci 12,-17,24 MPa, eğilmede elastikiyet modülü 2348,45-2897,06 MPa ve yüzeye dik çekme dayanımı 0,22-0,68 MPa aralığında ölçülmüştür. Fiziksel özellikler açısından, hava kurusu yoğunluk değerleri 0,588-0,610 g/cm³, 24 saatlik su emme oranları %123,63-135,89, kalınlık artışları ise %53,84-63,32 arasında bulunmuştur. İstatistiksel analizler, pres süresi ve sıcaklığının mekanik özellikler üzerinde anlamlı etkiler oluşturduğunu ortaya koymuştur (P<0,0001). Sonuçlar, uygun üretim koşulları sağlandığında kenevir sapı esaslı yonga levhaların, çevre dostu ve sürdürülebilir bir alternatif hammadde kaynağı olarak değerlendirilebileceğini göstermektedir. Bu bulgular, Türkiye’de artan kenevir tarımı potansiyeli doğrultusunda, tarımsal atıkların endüstriyel kullanımını destekleyen önemli bir katkı sunmaktadır.

Keywords

Kenevir esaslı yongalevha kenevir kompozit pres süresi pres sıcaklığı mekanik özellikler

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

TÜBİTAK 2209-A

References

  • Anonim, 2016. Resmi Gazete, Kenevir Yetiştiriciliği ve Kontrolü Hakkında Yönetmelik.
  • Auriga, R., Pędzik, M., Mrozowski, R., & Rogoziński, T. (2022). Hemp shives as a raw material for the production of particleboards. Polymers, 14(23), 5308. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14235308
  • Bektaş, İ., Tutuş, A., & Uğur, C. (2020). Pamuk saplarından üretilen yonga levhaların bazı mekanik özelliklerinin standartlara uygunluğunun araştırılması. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 21(4), 445-450. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.741237
  • Bektaş, İ., Güler, C., Kalaycıoğlu, H., Mengeloğlu, F., & Nacar, M. (2005). The manufacture of particleboards using sunflower stalks (Helianthus annuus L.) and poplar wood (Populus alba L.). Journal of Composite Materials, 39(5), 467-473. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998305047098
  • Fehrmann, J., Belleville, B., Ozarska, B., Gutowski, W. S., & Wilson, D. (2023). Influence of particle granulometry and panel composition on the physico‐mechanical properties of ultra‐low‐density hemp hurd particleboard. Polymer Composites, 44(11), 7363-7383. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.27631
  • Gizlenci, Ş., Acar, M., Yiğen, Ç., & Aytaç, S. (2019). Kenevir Tarımı. TAGEM, Karadeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü. Samsun
  • Güler, C., Şahin, H. İ., & Yeniay, S. (2016). The potential for using corn stalks as a raw material for production particleboard with industrial wood chips. Wood Research, 61(2), 299-306.
  • Iswanto, A. H., Febrianto, F., Hadi, Y. S., Ruhendi, S., & Hermawan, D. (2013). The effect of pressing temperature and time on the quality of particle board made from jatropha fruit hulls treated in acidic condition. Makara Journal of Technology, 17(3), 145-151. https://doi.org/10.7454/mst.v17i3.2930
  • Kurek, B. (2013). Physiology and Botany of Industrial Hemp (Editörler: Bouloc, P., Allegret, S., Arnaud, L., West, D.P.). CABI Publishing, Wallingfort, UK. s.27-47.
  • Nemli, G., Aras, U., Kalaycıoğlu, H., & Kuştaş, S. (2023). Potential use of olive stone residues in particleboard production. Drvna Industrija, 74(2), 195-203. https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2023.0047
  • Nemli, G., & Aydın, İ. (2007). Evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards made from the needle litter of Pinus pinea L. Industrial Crops and Products, 26(3), 252-258.
  • Pędzik, M., Auriga, R., Kristak, L., Antov, P., & Rogoziński, T. (2022). Physical and mechanical properties of particleboard produced with addition of walnut (Juglans regia L.) wood residues. Materials, 15(4), 1280. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15041280
  • Rimkienė, A., Vėjelis, S., Kremensas, A., Vaitkus, S., & Kairytė, A. (2023). Development of high strength particleboards from hemp shives and corn starch. Materials, 16(14), 5003. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16145003
  • Sam-Brew, S., & Smith, G. D. (2015). Flax and hemp fiber-reinforced particleboard. Industrial Crops and Products, 77, 940-948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.09.079
  • Shahzad, A. (2011). Hemp fiber and its composites. Journal of Composite Materials, 46(8), 973-986.
  • Taha, I., Elkafafy, M. S., & El Mously, H. (2018). Potential of utilizing tomato stalk as raw material for particleboards. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 9(4), 1457-1464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2016.10.003
  • Taş, H. H., & Sevinçli, Y. (2015). Properties of particleboard produced from red pine (Pinus brutia) chips and lavender stems. BioResources, 10(4), 7865-7876.
  • Tiryaki, S., Aras, U., Kalaycıoğlu, H., Erişir, E., & Aydın, A. (2017). Predictive models for modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of particleboard manufactured in different pressing conditions. High Temperature Materials and Processes, 36(6), 623-634. https://doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2015-0203
  • TS EN 310, (1999). Ahşap esaslı levhalar eğilme dayanımı ve eğilme elastikiyet modülünün tayini. TSE, Ankara.
  • TS EN 312, (2012). Yonga levhalar - Özellikler, TSE, Ankara
  • TS EN 317, (1999). Yonga levhalar da ve lif levhalar da su içerisine daldırma işleminden sonra kalınlığına şişme tayini. TSE, Ankara.
  • TS EN 319, (1999). Yonga levhaların ve lif levhaların levha yüzeyine dik çekme dayanımının tayini. TSE, Ankara.
  • TS EN 323, (1999). Ahşap esaslı levhaların birim hacim ağırlığının tayini. TSE, Ankara.
  • Valyova, M., & Koynov, D. (2020). Influence of pressing time on physical and mechanical properties of particleboards made from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). European Mechanical Science, 4(2), 78-81. https://doi.org/10.26701/ems.532796
  • Wang, D., & Sun, X. S. (2002). Low density particleboard from wheat straw and corn pith. Industrial Crops and Products, 15(1), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6690(01)00094-2
  • Yılmaz, G., & Yazıcı, L. (2022). Dünya’da yükselen değer; Endüstriyel kenevir (Cannabis sativa L.). Bozok Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 54-61.
  • Zimniewska, M. (2022). Hemp fibre properties and processing target textile: A review. Materials, 15(5), 1901. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15051901
  • Zvirgzds, K., Kirilovs, E., Kukle, S., Zotova, I., Gudro, I., & Gross, U. (2023). Particleboard creation from agricultural waste residue of seed hemp. Materials, 16(15), 5316. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16155316

EFFECT OF MANUFACTURING PARAMETERS ON THE MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PARTICLEBOARDS PRODUCED USING HEMP HURDS

Year 2025, Volume: 28 Issue: 3, 1468 - 1485, 03.09.2025

İbrahim Kılıç , Ayşe Durak

https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1686823

Abstract

In this study, the mechanical and physical properties of particleboards produced from hemp hurds were investigated, and the effects of manufacturing parameters were evaluated. Press temperature (170 °C and 190 °C) and press time (4 min and 7 min) were used as variables during production. The bending strength ranged from 12 to 17.24 MPa, the modulus of elasticity ranged from 2348.45 to 2897.06 MPa, and the internal bond strength ranged from 0.22 to 0.68 MPa. Regarding physical properties, the air-dry density values were between 0.588 and 0.610 g/cm³, while 24-hour water absorption rates ranged from 123.63% to 135.89%, and thickness swelling rates varied between 53.84% and 63.32%. Variance analyses revealed that press temperature and press time had statistically significant effects on mechanical properties (P<0.0001). The results indicated that hemp hurd-based particleboards could be produced with acceptable mechanical and physical performance under appropriate manufacturing conditions. These findings highlight the potential of utilizing hemp hurds as an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative raw material, particularly in light of the increasing interest in industrial hemp cultivation in Türkiye.

Keywords

Hemp based particleboard hemp composite press time press temperature mechanical properties

Project Number

TÜBİTAK 2209-A

References

  • Anonim, 2016. Resmi Gazete, Kenevir Yetiştiriciliği ve Kontrolü Hakkında Yönetmelik.
  • Auriga, R., Pędzik, M., Mrozowski, R., & Rogoziński, T. (2022). Hemp shives as a raw material for the production of particleboards. Polymers, 14(23), 5308. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14235308
  • Bektaş, İ., Tutuş, A., & Uğur, C. (2020). Pamuk saplarından üretilen yonga levhaların bazı mekanik özelliklerinin standartlara uygunluğunun araştırılması. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 21(4), 445-450. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.741237
  • Bektaş, İ., Güler, C., Kalaycıoğlu, H., Mengeloğlu, F., & Nacar, M. (2005). The manufacture of particleboards using sunflower stalks (Helianthus annuus L.) and poplar wood (Populus alba L.). Journal of Composite Materials, 39(5), 467-473. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998305047098
  • Fehrmann, J., Belleville, B., Ozarska, B., Gutowski, W. S., & Wilson, D. (2023). Influence of particle granulometry and panel composition on the physico‐mechanical properties of ultra‐low‐density hemp hurd particleboard. Polymer Composites, 44(11), 7363-7383. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.27631
  • Gizlenci, Ş., Acar, M., Yiğen, Ç., & Aytaç, S. (2019). Kenevir Tarımı. TAGEM, Karadeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü. Samsun
  • Güler, C., Şahin, H. İ., & Yeniay, S. (2016). The potential for using corn stalks as a raw material for production particleboard with industrial wood chips. Wood Research, 61(2), 299-306.
  • Iswanto, A. H., Febrianto, F., Hadi, Y. S., Ruhendi, S., & Hermawan, D. (2013). The effect of pressing temperature and time on the quality of particle board made from jatropha fruit hulls treated in acidic condition. Makara Journal of Technology, 17(3), 145-151. https://doi.org/10.7454/mst.v17i3.2930
  • Kurek, B. (2013). Physiology and Botany of Industrial Hemp (Editörler: Bouloc, P., Allegret, S., Arnaud, L., West, D.P.). CABI Publishing, Wallingfort, UK. s.27-47.
  • Nemli, G., Aras, U., Kalaycıoğlu, H., & Kuştaş, S. (2023). Potential use of olive stone residues in particleboard production. Drvna Industrija, 74(2), 195-203. https://doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2023.0047
  • Nemli, G., & Aydın, İ. (2007). Evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards made from the needle litter of Pinus pinea L. Industrial Crops and Products, 26(3), 252-258.
  • Pędzik, M., Auriga, R., Kristak, L., Antov, P., & Rogoziński, T. (2022). Physical and mechanical properties of particleboard produced with addition of walnut (Juglans regia L.) wood residues. Materials, 15(4), 1280. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15041280
  • Rimkienė, A., Vėjelis, S., Kremensas, A., Vaitkus, S., & Kairytė, A. (2023). Development of high strength particleboards from hemp shives and corn starch. Materials, 16(14), 5003. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16145003
  • Sam-Brew, S., & Smith, G. D. (2015). Flax and hemp fiber-reinforced particleboard. Industrial Crops and Products, 77, 940-948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.09.079
  • Shahzad, A. (2011). Hemp fiber and its composites. Journal of Composite Materials, 46(8), 973-986.
  • Taha, I., Elkafafy, M. S., & El Mously, H. (2018). Potential of utilizing tomato stalk as raw material for particleboards. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 9(4), 1457-1464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2016.10.003
  • Taş, H. H., & Sevinçli, Y. (2015). Properties of particleboard produced from red pine (Pinus brutia) chips and lavender stems. BioResources, 10(4), 7865-7876.
  • Tiryaki, S., Aras, U., Kalaycıoğlu, H., Erişir, E., & Aydın, A. (2017). Predictive models for modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of particleboard manufactured in different pressing conditions. High Temperature Materials and Processes, 36(6), 623-634. https://doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2015-0203
  • TS EN 310, (1999). Ahşap esaslı levhalar eğilme dayanımı ve eğilme elastikiyet modülünün tayini. TSE, Ankara.
  • TS EN 312, (2012). Yonga levhalar - Özellikler, TSE, Ankara
  • TS EN 317, (1999). Yonga levhalar da ve lif levhalar da su içerisine daldırma işleminden sonra kalınlığına şişme tayini. TSE, Ankara.
  • TS EN 319, (1999). Yonga levhaların ve lif levhaların levha yüzeyine dik çekme dayanımının tayini. TSE, Ankara.
  • TS EN 323, (1999). Ahşap esaslı levhaların birim hacim ağırlığının tayini. TSE, Ankara.
  • Valyova, M., & Koynov, D. (2020). Influence of pressing time on physical and mechanical properties of particleboards made from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). European Mechanical Science, 4(2), 78-81. https://doi.org/10.26701/ems.532796
  • Wang, D., & Sun, X. S. (2002). Low density particleboard from wheat straw and corn pith. Industrial Crops and Products, 15(1), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6690(01)00094-2
  • Yılmaz, G., & Yazıcı, L. (2022). Dünya’da yükselen değer; Endüstriyel kenevir (Cannabis sativa L.). Bozok Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 54-61.
  • Zimniewska, M. (2022). Hemp fibre properties and processing target textile: A review. Materials, 15(5), 1901. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15051901
  • Zvirgzds, K., Kirilovs, E., Kukle, S., Zotova, I., Gudro, I., & Gross, U. (2023). Particleboard creation from agricultural waste residue of seed hemp. Materials, 16(15), 5316. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16155316
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Timber, Pulp and Paper, Materials Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Materials Science and Engineering
Authors

İbrahim Kılıç 0000-0003-0567-5923

Ayşe Durak 0009-0001-7766-9314

Project Number TÜBİTAK 2209-A
Publication Date September 3, 2025
Submission Date April 29, 2025
Acceptance Date August 13, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 28 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kılıç, İ., & Durak, A. (2025). KENEVİR SAPI KULLANILARAK ÜRETİLEN YONGA LEVHALARIN MEKANİK VE FİZİKSEL ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNE ÜRETİM PARAMETRELERİNİN ETKİSİ. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 28(3), 1468-1485. https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1686823
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