KÖMÜR JEOKİMYASINDA BİYOMARKER ÇALIŞMALARININ KÜRESEL ARAŞTIRMA TRENDLERİ: BİBLİYOMETRİK BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Abstract
Yenilenebilir enerjiye ilgi son yıllarda artmasına rağmen, kömür günümüzde hala önemini koruyan bir enerji kaynağıdır. Kömür çalışmalarında biyomarker uzun yıllardır kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma kömür ile ilişkili biyomarker araştırmalarının küresel ölçekte nasıl bir gelişim gösterdiğini, öne çıkan araştırmacıları ve gelecekte odaklanılması muhtemel araştırma alanlarını bibliyometrik verilerle sistematik olarak değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Web of Science (WoS) veri tabanında 1971–2024 yılları arasında yayımlanan 7.000'den fazla yayın; yıllara göre dağılım, ülkelerin katkıları, iş birliği ağları, anahtar kelime eğilimleri ve dergiler açısından irdelenmiştir. Kömür biyomarker araştırmaları 2000 yılından sonra belirgin bir artış göstermiştir. Çin ve ABD, yayın sayısı bakımından ilk sıralarda yer alırken, birlikte atıf analizlerinde Avrupa ve ABD kaynaklı çalışmaların baskın olduğu görülmektedir. Ortak yazarlık ağında ise Çin son yıllarda öne çıkmaktadır. Kömürde biyomarker çalışmalarında en çok yayın üreten dergi Fuel’dir. WoS kategorilerinde çevre bilimleri ve enerji yakıtları öne çıkmaktadır. Anahtar kelime analizi, çalışmaların klasik jeokimyadan uygulamalı enerji çalışmalarına doğru değiştiğini göstermektedir. Son yıllarda FTIR, eş-piroliz ve süperkritik su gazlaştırma gibi ileri teknolojilere dayalı araştırmalar artmıştır. Günümüzde biyomarkerların kömür jeokimyasında kullanımının jeokimyasal köken analizleriyle sınırlı kalmadığı, sürdürülebilirlik ve çevresel etkiler gibi araştırma konularıyla ilişkili hale geldiği belirlenmiştir.
Keywords
References
- Atanassova, I., Hristov, B., Shishkov, T., & Doerr, S. (2017). Lipid biomarkers and their environmental significance in mine soils from Eastern Europe. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 63, 1697–1710. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2017.1304639
- Bechtel, A., & Püttmann, W. (2018). Biomarkers: coal. In B. Marker (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Geochemistry (pp. 123–135). Springer. Cahm.
- Cascajares, M., Alcayde, A., Salmerón-Manzano, E., & Manzano-Agugliaro, F. (2021). The bibliometric literature on Scopus and WoS: The medicine and environmental sciences categories as case of study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(11), 5851. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115851
- Güllüdağ, C. B. (2025). Kömürün uzaktan algılama (UA) yöntemleri ve coğrafi bilgi sistemleri (CBS) araçlarında kullanımının bibliyometrik analize dayalı incelenmesi. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 8(3), 605–615. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1603394
- Harrison, R. M., Smith, D. J. T., & Luhana, L. J. E. S. (1996). Source apportionment of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons collected from an urban location in Birmingham, UK. Environmental Science & Technology, 30(3), 825–832.
- International Energy Agency. (2025). Global energy review 2025. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2025 (accessed on 26 June 2025).
- Karadirek, S. (2024). Future prospects of rare earth elements in coal and coal ash: Based on mapping of global research (1973–2023). Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 12(2), 430–442.
- Laflamme, R. E., & Hites, R. A. (1978). The global distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in recent sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 42(3), 289–303.
- Larsen, R. K., & Baker, J. E. (2003). Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere: A comparison of three methods. Environmental Science & Technology, 37(9), 1873–1881.
- Liu, Q., Gao, J., Li, G., Zheng, Y., Li, R., & Yue, T. (2024). Bibliometric analysis on mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants: A systematic review and future prospect. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32369-z
- Misiak, J., & Uliasz-Misiak, B. (2024). Coal research trends: A bibliometric approach. Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi, 40(4), 5–20.
- Peng, B., Guo, D., Qiao, H., Yang, Q., Zhang, B., Hayat, T., ... & Ahmad, B. (2018). Bibliometric and visualized analysis of China's coal research 2000–2015. Journal of Cleaner Production, 197, 1177–1189.
- Song, W., Cao, F., Lin, Y., Haque, M., Wu, X., Yixuan, Z., Zhang, C., Xie, F., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Extremely high abundance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aerosols from a typical coal-combustion rural site in China: Size distribution, source identification and cancer risk assessment. Atmospheric Research, 248, 105192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105192
- Tissot, B. P., & Welte, D. H. (1984). Petroleum formation and occurrence (2nd ed.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin. van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2010). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics, 84(2), 523–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3
- Xiao, J., Wang, L., Chai, N., Liu, T., Jin, Z., & Rinklebe, J. (2021). Groundwater hydrochemistry, source identification and pollution assessment in intensive industrial areas, eastern Chinese Loess Plateau. Environmental Pollution, 278, 116930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116930
- Yalçın-Erik, N. (2022). Kömür özelliklerinin temiz kömür teknolojilerine (gazlaştırma, sıvılaştırma, karbon elyaf ve kok üretimi) etkisi: Derleme. Uluslararası Batı Karadeniz Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 22–56.
- Yalçın-Erik, N., & Ay, F. (2024). Bibliometric analysis of organic facies studies between 1979–2024. Electronic Letters on Science and Engineering, 20(2), 91–113.
- Yunker, M. B., Macdonald, R. W., Vingarzan, R., Mitchell, R. H., Goyette, D., & Sylvestre, S. (2002). PAHs in the Fraser River Basin: A critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition. Organic Geochemistry, 33(4), 489–515.
- Zhang, Q., Wu, B., Wu, J., Qi, Y., Chu, W., Qiao, L., Zhang, B., Shen, P., & Tang, T. (2021). Study on arsenic, selenium, and lead produced in coal combustion: Bibliometric method. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 32190–32199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14197-7
Abstract
The interest in renewable energy has increased in recent years, but coal remains an important energy source today. Biomarkers have been used in coal studies, for many years. This study aims to systematically analyze, using bibliometric data, the global development of coal-related biomarker research, the prominent researchers in the field, and potential future research areas of focus. Over 7,000 publications indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database between 1971 and 2024 were analyzed in terms of annual publication trends, country contributions, collaboration networks, keyword evolution, and journal distributions. The results show a significant increase in coal-related biomarker research, especially since the early 2000s. Although China and the United States dominate in terms of publication volume, co-citation analysis shows that studies from the United States and Europe continue to have the greatest scholarly influence. China has been coming to the fore in the co-authorship network in recent years. The most articles on biomarker studies in coal have been published in the journal Fuel. Environmental sciences and energy fuels stand out in the WoS categories. Keyword analysis shows that research has shifted from classical geochemistry to applied energy studies. There has been increasing interest in advanced techniques such as FTIR, co-pyrolysis and supercritical water gasification in recent years. The results suggest that studies of biomarkers in coal have moved beyond traditional geological frameworks and have become increasingly relevant to contemporary issues such as sustainability, public health and environmental monitoring.
Keywords
References
- Atanassova, I., Hristov, B., Shishkov, T., & Doerr, S. (2017). Lipid biomarkers and their environmental significance in mine soils from Eastern Europe. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 63, 1697–1710. https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2017.1304639
- Bechtel, A., & Püttmann, W. (2018). Biomarkers: coal. In B. Marker (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Geochemistry (pp. 123–135). Springer. Cahm.
- Cascajares, M., Alcayde, A., Salmerón-Manzano, E., & Manzano-Agugliaro, F. (2021). The bibliometric literature on Scopus and WoS: The medicine and environmental sciences categories as case of study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(11), 5851. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115851
- Güllüdağ, C. B. (2025). Kömürün uzaktan algılama (UA) yöntemleri ve coğrafi bilgi sistemleri (CBS) araçlarında kullanımının bibliyometrik analize dayalı incelenmesi. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 8(3), 605–615. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1603394
- Harrison, R. M., Smith, D. J. T., & Luhana, L. J. E. S. (1996). Source apportionment of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons collected from an urban location in Birmingham, UK. Environmental Science & Technology, 30(3), 825–832.
- International Energy Agency. (2025). Global energy review 2025. https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2025 (accessed on 26 June 2025).
- Karadirek, S. (2024). Future prospects of rare earth elements in coal and coal ash: Based on mapping of global research (1973–2023). Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 12(2), 430–442.
- Laflamme, R. E., & Hites, R. A. (1978). The global distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in recent sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 42(3), 289–303.
- Larsen, R. K., & Baker, J. E. (2003). Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere: A comparison of three methods. Environmental Science & Technology, 37(9), 1873–1881.
- Liu, Q., Gao, J., Li, G., Zheng, Y., Li, R., & Yue, T. (2024). Bibliometric analysis on mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants: A systematic review and future prospect. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32369-z
- Misiak, J., & Uliasz-Misiak, B. (2024). Coal research trends: A bibliometric approach. Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi, 40(4), 5–20.
- Peng, B., Guo, D., Qiao, H., Yang, Q., Zhang, B., Hayat, T., ... & Ahmad, B. (2018). Bibliometric and visualized analysis of China's coal research 2000–2015. Journal of Cleaner Production, 197, 1177–1189.
- Song, W., Cao, F., Lin, Y., Haque, M., Wu, X., Yixuan, Z., Zhang, C., Xie, F., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Extremely high abundance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aerosols from a typical coal-combustion rural site in China: Size distribution, source identification and cancer risk assessment. Atmospheric Research, 248, 105192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105192
- Tissot, B. P., & Welte, D. H. (1984). Petroleum formation and occurrence (2nd ed.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin. van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2010). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics, 84(2), 523–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3
- Xiao, J., Wang, L., Chai, N., Liu, T., Jin, Z., & Rinklebe, J. (2021). Groundwater hydrochemistry, source identification and pollution assessment in intensive industrial areas, eastern Chinese Loess Plateau. Environmental Pollution, 278, 116930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116930
- Yalçın-Erik, N. (2022). Kömür özelliklerinin temiz kömür teknolojilerine (gazlaştırma, sıvılaştırma, karbon elyaf ve kok üretimi) etkisi: Derleme. Uluslararası Batı Karadeniz Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 22–56.
- Yalçın-Erik, N., & Ay, F. (2024). Bibliometric analysis of organic facies studies between 1979–2024. Electronic Letters on Science and Engineering, 20(2), 91–113.
- Yunker, M. B., Macdonald, R. W., Vingarzan, R., Mitchell, R. H., Goyette, D., & Sylvestre, S. (2002). PAHs in the Fraser River Basin: A critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition. Organic Geochemistry, 33(4), 489–515.
- Zhang, Q., Wu, B., Wu, J., Qi, Y., Chu, W., Qiao, L., Zhang, B., Shen, P., & Tang, T. (2021). Study on arsenic, selenium, and lead produced in coal combustion: Bibliometric method. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 32190–32199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14197-7
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Mineral Stratum and Geochemistry |
| Journal Section | Review |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 3, 2025 |
| Submission Date | July 29, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | October 14, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 28 Issue: 4 |
