1. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi
  2. Archive
  3. Volume 20, Issue 1
Year 2017, Volume 20 , Issue 1, Pages 10 - 20 2017-04-27

KUZEY IRAK’TA ÜRETİLEN TAVUK ETLERİNDE SALMONELLA İZOLASYONU
ISOLATION OF SALMONELLA FROM CHICKEN MEATS IN NORTHERN IRAQ

Abdulrezzaq Haji Haji [1] , Ahmet İNANÇ [2]

Abstract

Makale Şablonu

Bu çalışmada, Duhok ve Erbil’deki lokal market ve kasaplardan temin edilen taze ve dondurulmuş tavuk etlerinde Salmonella yaygınlığı araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, 50 taze ve 50 dondurulmuş tavuk eti kültürel, biyokimyasal ve serolojik yöntemlerle incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, elde edilen Salmonella izolatlarının 13 farklı antibiyotiğe hassasiyetleri ölçülmüştür. Uygulan kültürel metotta, 100 örnekten 11’inde Salmonella kolonileri görülmüştür. Bunlardan 9 tanesinin taze (%18), 2 tanesinin de (%4) dondurulmuş tavuk etlerinden ya da illere göre, 7 tanesinin (%15.6) Erbil’den 4 tanesinin de Duhok’tan (%7.3) toplanan tavuk etlerinden ileri geldiği bulunmuştur. Salmonella şüphesi bulunan 11 kültür daha sonra biyokimyasal doğrulama testlere tabi tutulmuş ve geleneksel metotlarla yapılan testlerde 8’inin ve RapIDTM ONE sistemi ile yapılan testte ise 11’inin de Salmonella olduğu görülmüştür. Somatic (O) and flagellar (H) antiseralar ile yapılan serolojik testlerde, Salmonella şüphesi bulunan 11 kültür aglütinasyon-pozitif bulunmuştur. Irak Merkez Laboratuvarında yaptırılan serotip çalışmasında, 8 kültürde S. Typhimurium, 3 kültürde ise S. Anatum bulunmuştur. Her iki serotipinde 13 antibiyotikten sadece 4 tanesine (CT, C, CIP ve TE), ayrıca S. Anatum’un 2 ayrı antibiyotiğe daha duyarlı olduğu görülmüştür. 

Manuscript Template

The present study was conducted to isolate and confirm Salmonella in fresh and frozen chicken meats collected in local markets and butcheries in Duhok and Arbil, Northern Iraq. In this respect, fifty fresh and fifty frozen chicken meats were analyzed by the cultural, biochemical and serological methods. The suspected cultures were later subjected to the antibiotic resistance test using 13 known antibiotics. The cultural method for isolation of Salmonella indicated that 11 agar plates (9 from fresh (18%) and 2 from frozen (4%)) were probably suspected with Salmonella. Seven suspected meat samples was collected in Arbil (15.6%) and 4 in Duhok (7.3%). The biochemical confirmation tests performed later confirmed that 8 of 11 suspected culture contained Salmonella. The RapIDTM ONE test for further confirmation showed that all 11 suspected cultures probably infected with Salmonella with two different species. Using somatic (O) and flagellar (H) antisera, it was observed agglutination of the suspected cultures with polyvalent O and H antisera, indicating the suspected cultures contained Salmonella. The cultures were serotyped by the Central Health Laboratory, and confirmed that 8 of them were infected with S. Typhimurium, and 3 of them with S. Anatum. S. typhimurium and S. anatum were found to be sensitive only to CT, C, CIP and TE. S. anatum also exhibited sensitivity to K and TMP.


References

  • Abdulrahman, R.F. (2010). Isolation of Salmonella from cattle slaughtered in Duhok Abattoir Kurdistan Region of Iraq, Master Thesis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Duhok University, 80p.
  • Akond, M.A, Shirin, M., Alam, S., Hassan, S.M.R, Rahman, M.M., Hoq, M. (2012). Frequency of drug resistant Salmonella spp. isolated from poultry samples in Bangladesh, Stamford Journal of Microbiology, 2, 15-19.
  • Aksakal, A., Boynukara, B., Solmaz, H., Ilhan, Z., Kutlu, I Gulhan, T. (2009). Occurrence and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella serotypes in apparently healthy slaughtered sheep in Van, Turkey, Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 8, 1455-1460.
  • Al-Abidy, H.F., Hadad, J.J. (2007). Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from frozen poultry products, Journal of University of Duhok, 10, 206-209.
  • Al-Aboudi, A.R, Hadad, J.J, Hammed, D.A. (1993). Isolation and antibiogram of Salmonella from meat retail markets, The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 17, 31-39.
  • Alemayehu, D., Molla, B., Muckle, A. (2003). Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates from apparently healthy slaughtered cattle in Ethiopia, Tropical Animal Health and Production, 35, 309-319.
  • Bailey, J.S, Cosby, D.E. (2003). Detection of Salmonella from chicken rinses and chicken hot dogs with automated BAX PCR system, Journal of Food Protection, 66, 2138-2140.
  • Bauer, A.W, Kirby, W.M, Sherris, J.C, Turck, M. (1966). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method, American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45, 493-496. Bell, C., Kyriakides, A. (2002). Salmonella, A practical approach to the organisms and its control in food, Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, England, 336p.
  • Bouchrif, B., Paglietti, B., Murgia, M., Piana, A., Cohen, N., Ennaji, M. (2009). Prevalence and antibiotic-resistance of Salmonella isolated from food in Morocco, Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 3, 35-40. Brown, A.E. (2004). Benson's Microbiological Applications, Laboratory Manual in General Microbiology, The McGraw Hill Publication, USA, 478 p.
  • Busani, L., Scavia, G., Luzzi, I., Caprioli, A. (2006). Laboratory surveillance for prevention and control of foodborne zoonoses, Annali Dell’Istituto Superiore di Sanita, 42, 401-404.
  • Carraminana, J.J., Rota C., Agustin, I., Herrera, A. (2004). High prevalence of multiple resistance to antibiotics in Salmonella serovars isolated from a poultry slaughter house in Spain, Veterinary Microbiology, 104, 133-139.
  • CDC (2001). Diagnosis and management of foodborne illnesses, a primer for physicians. Morbidty and Mortalality, Central for Disease Control Weekly Report, 50, 1-70.
  • Cook, A., Odumeru, J., Lee, S., Pollari, F. (2012). Campylobacter, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, verotoxigenic Escherichia coli, and Escherichia coli prevalence, enumeration, and subtypes on retail chicken breasts with and without skin, Journal of Food Protection, 75, 34-40.
  • Cruchaga, S., Echeita, A., Aladuena, A., Garcia-Pena, J., Frias N., Usera, M.A. (2001). Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella from humans, food and animals in Spain in 1998, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 47, 315-321.
  • D’Aoust, J.Y. (1991). Pathogenicity of foodborne Salmonella, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 12, 17-40. Dahal, N. (2007). Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistant of Salmonella in Imported Chicken Carcasses in Bhutan, Master Thesis, Chiang Mai University and Freie Universitat Berlin, 92 p.
  • Davies, R.H, Dalziel, R., Gibbens, J.C, Wilesmith, J.W, Ryan, J.M.B, Evans, S.J, Byrne, C., Paiba, G.A, Pascoe, S.J, Teale, C.J. (2004). National survey for Salmonella in pigs, cattle and sheep at slaughter in Great Britain (1999–2000), Journal of Applied Microbiology, 96, 750-760.
  • Dominguez, C., Gomez, I., Zumalacarregui, J. (2002). Prevalence of Salmonella and Campylobacter in retail chicken meat in Spain, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 72, 165-168.
  • Duffy, G., Cloak, O.M., O'Sullivan, M.G., Guillet, A., Sheridan, J.J., Blair, I.S., McDowell, D.A. (1999). The incidence and antibiotic resistance profiles of Salmonella spp. on Irish Retail Meat Products, Food Microbiology, 16, 623-631. Fearnley, E., Raupach, J., Lagala, F., Cameron, S. (2011). Salmonella in chicken meat, eggs and humans; Adelaide, South Australia, 2008, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 146, 219-227.
  • Fluit, A.C. (2005). Towards more virulent and antibiotic‐resistant Salmonella, FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology, 43, 1-11.
  • Hadad, J.J, Ali, H.H. (1995). Salmonella serotypes isolated from dairy products and their antibiotic susceptibility, Mu’tah Journal for Research and Studies, 10, 153-161.
  • Hadad, J.J, Jemel, A. (1990). Antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella from animals, Veterinary Medical Journal Giza, 38, 35-43.
  • Guran, H.S., Mann, D., Alali, W.Q. (2017). Salmonella prevalence associated with chicken parts with and without skin from retail establishments in Atlanta metropolitan area, Georgia, Food Control, 73, 462-467. Intorre, L., Vanni, M., Ebani, V.V., Cerri, D., Fratini, F., Cardini, G., Tognetti, R., Soldani, G. (2005). Antimicrobial susceptibility of animal strains of S. enterica isolated in Italy from 2001-2003, Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 28, 121- 125.
  • Jay, J.M., Loessner, M.J., Golden, D.A. (2005). Foodborne Gastroenteritis Caused by Salmonella and Shigella, In, Modern Food Microbiology, 7th Ed, Springer Science and Business Media, Inc, USA, 619-636p.
  • Johnson, J.M., Rajic, A., McMullen, L.M. (2005). Antimicrobial resistance of selected Salmonella isolates from food animals and food in Alberta, Canadian Veterinary Journal, 46, 141-146.
  • Kalchayanand, N., Arthur, T.M., Bosilevac, J.M., Brichta-Harhay, D.M., Guerini, M.N., Shackelford, S.D., Wheeler, T.L., Koohmaraie, M. (2007). Microbiological characterization of lamb carcasses at commercial processing plants in the United States, Journal of Food Protection, 70, 1811-1819.
  • Kaushik, P., Kumari, S., Bharti, S.K., Dayal, S. (2014). Isolation and prevalence of Salmonella from chicken meat and cattle milk collected from local markets of Patna, India, Veterinary World, 7, 62-65.
  • Kimura, K., Toshima, S., Amy, G., Watanabe, Y. (2004). Rejection of neutral endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) by RO membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, 245, 71-78. Kozacinski, L., Hadziosmanovie, M., Zdolec, N. (2006). Microbiological quality of poultry meat on the Croatian market, Veterinarski Arhiv, 76, 305-313.
  • Lynch,M., Painter, J., Woodruff, R., Braden, C. (2006). Surveillance for foodborne disease outbreaks-United States, 1998-2002, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 55, 1-42.
  • Maharjan, M., Joshi, V., Joshi, D.D., Manandhar, P. (2006). Prevalence of Salmonella species in various raw meat samples of a local market in Kathmandu, Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 1081, 249-256.
  • Mazengia, E., Samadpour, M., Hill, H.W., Greeson, K., Tenney, K., Liao, G. (2014). Prevalence, concentrations, and antibiotic sensitivities of Salmonella serovars in poultry from retail establishments in Seattle, Washington, Journal of Food Protection, 77, 885-893.
  • Mead, P.S., Slutsker, L., Dietz, V., McCaig, L.F., Bresee, J.S., Shapiro, C., Griffin, P.M., Tauxe, R.V. (1999). Food-Related illness and death in the United States, Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5, 607-625.
  • Molla, W., Molla, B., Alemayehu, D., Muckle, A., Cole, L., Wilkie, E. (2006). Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serovars in apparently healthy slaughtered sheep and goat of central Ethiopia, Tropical Animal Health Production, 8, 455-462.
  • Myint, M.S. (2004). Epidemiology of Salmonella Contamination of Poultry Products; Knowledge Gaps in the Farm to Store Products, phD Thesis, Faculty of The Graduate School of The University of Maryland, 94p.
  • Nouichi, S., Hamdi, T.M. (2009). Superficial bacterial contamination of ovine and bovine carcasses at El-Harrach slaughterhouse (Algeria), European Journal of Scientific Research, 38, 474-485.
  • Ozbey, G., Ertas, H.B. (2006). Salmonella spp. isolation from chicken samples and identification by polymerase chain reaction, Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 9, 67-73.
  • Pokharel, B.M, Koirala, J., Dahal, R.K., Mishra, S.K., Khadga, P.K., Tuladhar, N.R. (2006). Multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing S. enterica (serotypes Typhi andParatyphi A) from blood isolates in Nepal, surveillance of resistance and a search for newer alternatives, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 10, 434-438. Quinn, P.J, Maekey, B.K., Carter, M.E., Donnely, W.J., Leonard, F.C. (2011), Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Disease, Iowa State University Publishing, USA, 536p.
  • Sefton, A.M. (2002). Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, their clinical relevance in the new millennium, Drugs, 62, 557-566.
  • Smith, S., Bamidele, M., Goodluck, H., Fowora, M., Omonigbehin, E., Oper, B., Aboaba, O. (2009). Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Salmonella isolated from food handlers and cattle in Lagos, Nigeria, International Journal of Health Research, 2, 189-193.
  • USDA (2017a). Quarterly Progress Report on Salmonella and Campylobacter Testing of Selected Raw Meat and Poultry Products: Preliminary Results, July 2015 to September 2015. United States Department of Agriculture Available at: https://www.fsis.usda.gov/ wps/portal/ fsis/topics/ data-collection -and-reports /microbiology/ quarterly-reports-salmonella/ q3-cy2015/ q3-cy-2015. Accessed 08.03.2017.
  • USDA (2017b). Food Safety and Inspection Service. Progress report on Salmonella testing of raw meat and poultry products, 1998-2014 (p. 11). Available at: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/connect/7b9ba8cd-de00-4d8d-8cf7-7cfbe24236f7/Progress-Report-Salmonella-Campylobacter-CY2014.pdf?MOD¼AJPERES Accessed 09.03.2017.
  • USDA (2017c). Food Safety and Inspection Service, Salmonella and Campylobacter Verification Testing Program Monthly Reports. Available at: https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/data-collection-and-reports/microbiology/salmonella-verification-testing-program. Accessed 09.03.2017.
  • Valdezate, S., Astorga, R., Herrera-leon, S., Perea, A., Usera, M.A., Huerta B., Echeita, A. (2007). Epidemiological tracing of S. enterica serotype Abortusovis from Spanish ovine flocks by PFGE fingerprinting, Epidemiology and Infection, 135, 695-702.
  • Van Nierop,W., Duse, A.G, Marais, E., Aithma, N., Thothobolo, N., Kassel,M., Stewart, R., Potgieter, A., Fernandes, B., Galpin J.S., Bloomfield S.F. (2005). Contamination of chicken carcasses in gauteng, south africa by Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 99, 1-6.
  • Van, T.T.H, Moutafis, G., Istivan, T., Tran, L.T., Coloe, P.J. (2007). Detection of Salmonella spp. in retail raw food samples from Vietnam and characterization of their antibiotic resistance, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73, 6885-6890.
  • White, D.G., Zhao S., Sudler, R., Ayers, S., Friedman, S., Chen, S., Mc Dermoott, P.F., Mc Dermoott, S., Wagner,D.D., Meng, J. (2001). The isolation of antibiotic resistant Salmonella from retail ground meats, New England Journal of Medicine, 345, 1147-1154.
  • WHO (2013). Salmonella (Non Typhoidal). World Health Organization (Access date, 10.02.2013). http,//www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs139/en/.
  • Wu, D., Alali, W.Q., Harrison, M.A., Hofacre, C.L. (2014). Prevalence of Salmonella in neck skin and bone of chickens, Journal of Food Protection, 77, 1193-1197.
  • Zhao, S., McDermott, P.F., White, D.G., Qaiyumi, S., Friedman, S.L., Abbott, J.W., Glenn, A., Ayers, S.L., Post, K.W., Fales, W.H., Wilson, R.B., Reggiardo, C., Walker, R.D. (2007), Characterization of multi drug resistant Salmonella recovered from diseased animals, Veterinary Microbiology, 123, 122-132.

Details

Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Author: Abdulrezzaq Haji Haji

Author: Ahmet İNANÇ
Country: Turkey
Dates

Application Date : January 31, 2017
Acceptance Date : December 16, 2019
Publication Date : April 27, 2017

Cite

Bibtex @research article { ksujes288798, journal = {Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi}, issn = {}, eissn = {1309-1751}, address = {}, publisher = {Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University}, year = {2017}, volume = {20}, pages = {10 - 20}, doi = {10.17780/ksujes.288798}, title = {KUZEY IRAK’TA ÜRETİLEN TAVUK ETLERİNDE SALMONELLA İZOLASYONU}, key = {cite}, author = {Haji, Abdulrezzaq Haji and İNANÇ, Ahmet} }
APA Haji, A , İNANÇ, A . (2017). KUZEY IRAK’TA ÜRETİLEN TAVUK ETLERİNDE SALMONELLA İZOLASYONU. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi , 20 (1) , 10-20 . DOI: 10.17780/ksujes.288798
MLA Haji, A , İNANÇ, A . "KUZEY IRAK’TA ÜRETİLEN TAVUK ETLERİNDE SALMONELLA İZOLASYONU". Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 20 (2017 ): 10-20 <http://jes.ksu.edu.tr/en/issue/28695/288798>
Chicago Haji, A , İNANÇ, A . "KUZEY IRAK’TA ÜRETİLEN TAVUK ETLERİNDE SALMONELLA İZOLASYONU". Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 20 (2017 ): 10-20
RIS TY - JOUR T1 - KUZEY IRAK’TA ÜRETİLEN TAVUK ETLERİNDE SALMONELLA İZOLASYONU AU - Abdulrezzaq Haji Haji , Ahmet İNANÇ Y1 - 2017 PY - 2017 N1 - doi: 10.17780/ksujes.288798 DO - 10.17780/ksujes.288798 T2 - Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi JF - Journal JO - JOR SP - 10 EP - 20 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - -1309-1751 M3 - doi: 10.17780/ksujes.288798 UR - https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.288798 Y2 - 2019 ER -
EndNote %0 Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi KUZEY IRAK’TA ÜRETİLEN TAVUK ETLERİNDE SALMONELLA İZOLASYONU %A Abdulrezzaq Haji Haji , Ahmet İNANÇ %T KUZEY IRAK’TA ÜRETİLEN TAVUK ETLERİNDE SALMONELLA İZOLASYONU %D 2017 %J Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi %P -1309-1751 %V 20 %N 1 %R doi: 10.17780/ksujes.288798 %U 10.17780/ksujes.288798
ISNAD Haji, Abdulrezzaq Haji , İNANÇ, Ahmet . "KUZEY IRAK’TA ÜRETİLEN TAVUK ETLERİNDE SALMONELLA İZOLASYONU". Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 20 / 1 (April 2017): 10-20 . https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.288798
AMA Haji A , İNANÇ A . KUZEY IRAK’TA ÜRETİLEN TAVUK ETLERİNDE SALMONELLA İZOLASYONU. KSU J. Eng. Sci.. 2017; 20(1): 10-20.
Vancouver Haji A , İNANÇ A . KUZEY IRAK’TA ÜRETİLEN TAVUK ETLERİNDE SALMONELLA İZOLASYONU. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2017; 20(1): 20-10.
Submit Article
Archive
Editorial Board
Contact