SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KENTSEL BİYOATIK YÖNETİMİ

Süreyya Altın

doi:10.17780/ksujes.1497485

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SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KENTSEL BİYOATIK YÖNETİMİ

Öz

Kentsel atık yönetimi, sürdürülebilir çevre ve küresel iklim değişikliğinin önemli bir bileşenidir. Biyoatıklar, kentsel atıkların %30-65 gibi büyük bir yüzdesini oluşturmaktadır. AB atık çerçeve direktifinde, 2035 yılına kadar belediye atıklarının sadece %10’unun depolandığı atık yönetim planlaması istenmektedir. Ancak, kentsel biyoatık yönetimi gelişmekte olan ülkeler başta olmak üzere tüm ülkeler için ciddi sosyal ve ekonomik zorluklar içermektedir. Halkın gıda israfının önlenmesi hakkında bilinçlendirilmesi veya “attığın kadar öde” gibi maddi teşvikler biyoatığın oluşumunu azaltabilir. Böylece, doğal kaynaklar korunabilir, gıda üretim sürecinden kaynaklanan sera gazı etkisi %15-22 oranında azaltılabilir. Ayrı toplanan biyoatığı kompostlayarak iyi kalitede ve pazarlanabilir gübre üretilir. Kompostlamanın CH4 emisyonu hammadde karbonunun %1-4’ü kadar olduğundan sera gazı oluşumunu önemli oranda engeller. Anaerobik bozunma (AD) süreci, yüksek metan içeren biyogaz üreten, karbon nötr bir süreç olduğundan yenilenebilir bir enerji kaynağı olarak kabul edilir. AD prosesi kullanıldığında oluşan metan hacmi ve elde edilen enerji, gaz yakalamalı deponilere göre yaklaşık 5 kat daha fazladır. Bu çalışmada biyoatık yönetimi stratejileri ve yaklaşımlarına ilişkin mevcut bilgiler daha önce yapılan çalışmalardan derlenmiştir. Böylece belediye biyoatık yönetimi alternatifleri tanımlanarak avantaj ve dezavantajları, uygulama zorlukları, elde edilecek faydalar ortaya konmuştur. Sürdürülebilir biyoatık yönetimi, doğal kaynakların korunmasına katkı sağlar, atığın karbon ayak izi azalır ve madde döngüsü tamamlanır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE MUNICIPAL BIOWASTES

Abstract

Municipal waste management is a major component of sustainable environment and global climate change. Municipal waste includes in rate of 30-65 biowaste. According to directives of EU, will be allow only 10% of municipal waste go to landfill by 2035. However, municipal biowaste management contains serious social and economic challenges for all country, especially developing country. Biowaste generation may be reduced by training of people about prevent food waste and economical incentives as "pay as you throw". Thus, natural resources can be protected and the greenhouse effect resulting from the food production process can be reduced by 15-22%. Quality and marketable fertilizer is obtained by composting of separately collected biowaste. CH4 emissions generated in the composting are 1-4% of the initial carbon. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is carbon-neutral process and considered a renewable energy source. Methane volume obtained from AD is more 5 times than gas capture landfill. In this study, available information on biowaste management strategies and approaches was compiled from prior studies. Thus, biowaste management alternatives were defined and their advantages and disadvantages were explained. Sustainable biowaste management contributes to the conservation of natural resources and reducing the carbon footprint of biowaste. Moreover, the material cycle is also completed

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

Turkish

Subjects

Waste Management, Reduction, Reuse and Recycling

Journal Section

Review

Authors

Süreyya Altın ^*
0000-0002-6853-8873
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 3, 2024

Submission Date

June 7, 2024

Acceptance Date

June 26, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2024 Volume: 27 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1497485

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA92UU78ZH

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Altın, S. (2024). SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR KENTSEL BİYOATIK YÖNETİMİ. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(4), 1557-1570. https://doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.1497485